動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)安縣半塔中學(xué)

梅崇兵

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)【考點(diǎn)概述】英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，并且只有及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。高考仍然堅(jiān)持在具體語(yǔ)境中綜合考查各種時(shí)態(tài)的語(yǔ)態(tài)，考查含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式和應(yīng)用；考查主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的運(yùn)用。【真題體驗(yàn)】1.(09上海卷，36)Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people___nottotouchanyunattendedbag.A.hadalwaysbeenwarnedB.werealwaysbeingwarnedC.arealwayswarningD.alwayswarned2.(09湖南卷，27）Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport____andIwanttolisten.A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast3.(05重慶卷，29)Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused4.（04全國(guó)卷，28）Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto___beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange9.(08江西卷,32)——Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer?——Yes,weshould,forwesuchbadluckuptillnow,andtimeout.A.havehad;isrunningB.had;isrunningC.have;hasbeenrunD.havehad;hasbeenrun10.(08江蘇卷,28)——Whydoyousuggestwebuyanewmachine?——Becausetheoldonehasbeendamaged.A.beyondreachB.beyondrepairC.beyondcontrolD.beyonddescriptionKey:1.B2.B3.A4.A5.B6.C7.C8.B9.A10.B【考點(diǎn)掃描】考點(diǎn)一：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒(méi)有必要指明誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者如：真題1bealwaysdoingsth，“總是/老是做……”此處指人們總是被提醒，且沒(méi)有必要指出是誰(shuí)來(lái)提醒；又因事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，故答案為B。又如：（04湖北卷，33）——GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?——No,Ihadn’tbeeninvited.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者或事件本身如真題2這是突出天氣預(yù)報(bào)正在播出。答案為B。3.文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞中如真題3昨晚一場(chǎng)橫掃英格蘭北部的風(fēng)暴已經(jīng)造成了幾百萬(wàn)英鎊的損失。損失是截止到目前為止的結(jié)果，故選A項(xiàng)。4.當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)如（04上海卷，30）Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.考點(diǎn)二：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)只需將動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)其余的詞不變，尤其注意后有介詞的一定要加上。如：Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.Thepooraretakengoodcareofbythegovernment.2.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（謂語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞）如：Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.（06湖北卷，31）Shouldyoubefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.考點(diǎn)三：“get+-ed分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可跟及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)果；如：（07北京卷，32）Igotcaughtintherainandmysuithasbeenruined.又如真題4getchanged意為“換衣服”。故答案為A。考點(diǎn)四：用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)含義的幾種情況1.表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste等構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Theblackboardfeelssmooth.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.又如真題5theflowerssmellingsweet聞起來(lái)很香的花。答案為B。真題6Thewaterfeltcool.水摸起來(lái)很涼。答案為C。2.表示主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)是事物）的一般性質(zhì)或特征的動(dòng)詞如：cut,tear,read,write,wash,sell,open,dry，shut,lock等。這類動(dòng)詞常帶有副詞描述,如well,perfectly,easily等。如：Thecoatdrieseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thebookisdifficult(forme)tounderstand.Theworkeriseasytogetalongwith.如真題8可以理解為“Themorningairissogoodformetobreathe.”因此答案為B項(xiàng)。6.不定式作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)與被修飾的名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。如：Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.I’llgivethechildrensomegoodbookstoread.7.不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)fit,have,wish,agreewith,arriveat/in,succeedin,happento,belongto,takepartin等。如：Thisbookbelongstome.不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：happen,takeplace,breakout，cometrue,runout等。【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練】一、單項(xiàng)填空1.(08湖南卷,35)——Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?——Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary...A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered2.（08浙江卷）——What’sthatnoise?——Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested3.（08北京卷，29）Nodecision______aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade7.(04江蘇卷,26)Morepatients_____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated8.(06四川卷,22)Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026____offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken9.(08重慶卷,31)He____asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics.A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded10.(08安徽卷,33)IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_____manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught11.（08陜西卷，15）——Didyougototheshowlastnight?——Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_____invited.A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was12.（09全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，26）Hissisterlefthomein1998,andsince______.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof13.（09江蘇卷，25）——Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?——Sorry._______.A.It’srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired14.(09四川卷,15)——Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?——Thebridgetoit________.A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired15.（09福建卷，22）——WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?——Becauselargequantitiesofwater_______.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空16.Themomentthe29thOlympicGames______(declare)open,thewholeworldcheered.17.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_________(hold),someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.18.——Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?——No,sir.I______(read)anewspaper.19.——Hi!Whereareyougoing?——What’swrong?——Theroadrepairs_______(not,complete).20.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_____(repair)atthegarage.21.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey____(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.22.Althoughthecausesofcancer______(uncover),wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.23.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe_____(work)onitformorethananhour.24.ThefirstalbummadebyShaniaTwain___(sell)tenmillioncopies.25.Suchcrimesmaybesocomplexthatmonthsoryearsgobybeforeanyone_____(discover)them.【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練答案】一、單項(xiàng)填空1.C.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般時(shí)表將來(lái)。故應(yīng)排除掉B、D兩選項(xiàng)；另由于被給予要用被動(dòng)態(tài)，故又排除A項(xiàng)。故答案選C。2.C.本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這里表示新機(jī)器正在檢驗(yàn)，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3.A.句意：直到對(duì)所有候選人進(jìn)行面試之后才能對(duì)將來(lái)的任命做出決定。根據(jù)句意主語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)。4.D.by意為“到……為止”。by后加過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如by后加現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如by后加將來(lái)時(shí)，主句要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。bytheendoflastyear常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。表示到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候前已完成的動(dòng)作。5.D.根據(jù)Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.說(shuō)明電影：正在建設(shè)之中，所以從時(shí)態(tài)上講是進(jìn)行時(shí)；另外從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6.C.betoblame意為“該受責(zé)備，對(duì)某壞事應(yīng)付責(zé)任”，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?（這個(gè)事故是哪個(gè)司機(jī)的責(zé)任？）doyouthink為插入語(yǔ)，不影響whoistoblame的結(jié)構(gòu)