書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-天津城建大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifwe（

）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofraw

materials.

問題1選項

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。diffuse“擴散”；diminish“減少”；terminate“使終止，使結束”；preclude“排除，妨礙”。句意：如果我們結束與那個國家的關系，我們必須尋找其他原材料提供國。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Someoftheonlineservicesarefree,whileothers（

）acharge.

問題1選項

A.carry

B.cashier

C.coincide

D.collect

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項carry“拿，運送，攜帶”；B選項cashier“開除，解雇”；C選項coincide“同時發生，相符，一致”；D選項collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示對比關系，由Someoftheonlineservicesarefree（一些在線服務是免費的）可知其它一些是收費的，因此選D。句意：有些在線服務是免費的，有些則收取費用。

3.單選題

Lungcancerhasnowexceededbreastcancerasa____killerofAmericanwomen.

問題1選項

A.preliminary

B.primary

C.potential

D.physical

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.preliminary初步的B.primary主要的

C.potential潛在的D.physical身體的

【答案】C

【考查點】修飾語與被修飾語的搭配

【解題思路】空格前后語義為“肺癌已經超過乳腺癌成為美國女性的____殺手”。空格處所填詞修飾的對象為“殺手”，根據句意，原文指的是，肺癌是美國女性去世的可能原因，C選項potential“潛在的”符合原文前后搭配。

【干擾項排除】

A選項preliminary“初步的”，與“殺手（killer）”搭配不當；

B選項primary“主要的”，原文沒有足夠的語義說明，肺癌是美國女性死亡的主要原因，而只要她們可能因肺癌去世就可以說“潛在原因”，因此，C選項更合適；

D選項physical“身體的”，與“殺手（killer）”搭配不當。

【句意】肺癌已經超過乳腺癌成為美國女性的潛在殺手。

4.單選題

Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.

問題1選項

A.suit

B.furnish

C.regard

D.cater

【答案】D

【解析】cater?for為固定搭配,指迎合...,其他三個選擇項都是及物動詞,不能直接跟介詞for。句意：人口稠密的地區是傳染病的滋生地。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.

1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?

2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?

問題1選項

A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.

B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.

C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.

D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.

問題2選項

A.1846

B.1847

C.1848

D.1869

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.（作為該地區的自然地理中心，芝加哥成為一個巨大交通網絡的十字路口）可知A選項“它位于生產區的中間”符合題意。

2.細節事實題。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.（1847年，密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系統在芝加哥相連，同年，伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運河通車）可知伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運河于1847年正式開通，因此選B。

6.單選題

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’，strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof（

）.

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

（

）.

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey

（

）.

4.Thesecondexperimentprovesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.emotionalbasisofmoraljudgments

B.emotion-drivenhypocrisy

C.reason-drivenhypocrisy

D.theEnlightenmentnotion

問題2選項

A.prefereasytasks

B.likepickingfaultsofothers

C.demandbothbenefitsandreputation

D.arehypocriticalinnature

問題3選項

A.areself-centered

B.areinsensitivetomisbehaviors

C.haverealizedthatitcoststobemoral

D.havereasonedthathypocrisyisbeneficial

問題4選項

A.selfishnessistheresultofcognition

B.humanaremoralandfairbynature

C.moraljudgmentsaremadebycognition

D.judgmentsbyintuitionarereliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第一段的內容為：長期以來，科學家們一直在爭論，偽善是由情感驅動還是由理性驅動。在其他道德判斷中，大腦成像顯示，情緒在道德判斷中所起的作用所涉及的是情感而不是思維的區域，顛覆了啟蒙運動的觀念。這給我們帶來了偽善，這在人身上幾乎是可笑的。可知腦成像是道德判斷的情感基礎，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了心理學家們做的實驗：實驗對象給自己和陌生人分配任務，并為自己和別人分配的公平性打分。得到的結果是：一方面，無私的現象完全沒有出現，人們都為自己選擇了輕松的任務而把難的任務分給別人。另一方便，偽善倒是大張旗鼓地出現了，人們對自己的自私行為比對別人的自私行為更為寬容。因此從第一個實驗得出的結論是人們既要利益又要維護形象，選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob（人們已經認識到，看起來道德是值得的，因為它可以讓你避免批評和內疚。但更好的是，在不付出實際道德代價的情況下，表現得很有道德——比如給自己分配一份艱苦的工作）可知D選項“有理由認為偽善是有益的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數第二段中的Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers'...andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers（人們像對待別人一樣嚴厲地判斷自己（自私的）行為……我們直覺地和同樣譴責自己和他人的不良行為）可知B選項“人的本性是道德的和公平的”符合題意。

7.單選題

2.

問題1選項

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在對話中說到難以入眠是因為Myearsarealwaysringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。

8.單選題

Inthepackedhall,thepeoplesittingclosetome（

）meintothecomerlittlebylittle.

問題1選項

A.dragged

B.drew

C.frightened

D.wedged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。drag“拖拉；拖曳”；draw“畫；拉；吸引”；frighten“使驚嚇；嚇唬”；wedge“楔入；擠進”。句意：在擁擠的大廳，緊挨著我坐的人逐漸將我擠進了角落。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,（

）?

問題1選項

A.didn’tit

B.usedn’tit

C.didn’tthereuseto

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。Therebe句型的反義疑問句必須用there進行反問，若be動詞前沒有其它情態動詞或助動詞修飾，則反義疑問句用be動詞的適當形式，如be動詞前有其它情態動詞或助動詞修飾，則反義疑問句用該情態動詞或助動詞的適當形式。本題的反義疑問句部分為：usedn’tthere或didn’tthere，因此選D。句意：幾年前這里曾經有過威脅，不是嗎？

10.單選題

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.

Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.

1.Theword"spas"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto（

）.

2.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor

（

）.

3.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?

4.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout

（

）.

5.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining（

）.

問題1選項

A.sportsactivities

B.placesforphysicalexercise

C.recreationcenters

D.athletictrainingprograms

問題2選項

A.thepromotionofaerobicexercise

B.enduranceandmusculardevelopment

C.theimprovementofwomen'sfigures

D.betterperformanceinaerobicdancing

問題3選項

A.Positive.

B.Indifferent

C.Negative

D.Cautious

問題4選項

A.howwelltheycoulddoinathletics.

B.whattheirhealthconditionwaslike

C.whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthem

D.whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise

問題5選項

A.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slife

B.maywellaffectthehealthofthetrainees

C.willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocome

D.contributestohealthimprovementsaswell

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。"spas"所在句為::Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness...(隨著上百萬人投入到有氧操運動中，數以千計的healthspas在全國內發展開來，企圖在這場健身熱潮中獲利)。因此spas應該指某場所,排除A、D。而文章討論的主題是健身運動而不是娛樂休閑，故答案選項為B項“健身鍛煉場所”。

2.細節事實題。第一段指出:theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts(他們關注的不是有氧運動，而是旨在培養男性愛好者肌肉質量、力量和耐力的重量訓練項目),這里的their指的早期健身場所。因此選B“耐力和肌肉發育”。

3.觀點態度題。文章指出:Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits(這些健身場所井沒有從這場熱潮中獲得很好的經濟收益因為醫學觀點認為，體重訓練項目對健康的益處很少（就算有的話）)。由此可見，醫學觀點（也就是醫生的觀點）對weighttraining的態度應該是非常消極的，可以選擇C。

4.細節事實題。根據題干關鍵詞physicalfitnesstests定位至最后一段:Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics(過去，多數健康測試通常包含肌肉力量和耐力項目，這不是出于對健康的考慮，而是因為這些因素與體育競技成績相關),因此選A“了解他們在體育競技中能獲得怎樣的成績”。

5.細節事實題。第二段指出:However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell(然而最近有證據表明，主要用來提升肌肉力量和耐力的訓練項目對健康也是有好處的)。因此選D“負重訓練對健康也是有好處的”。

11.單選題

Thedirectionwereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“有獨創性的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成這項任務。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

ThomasAlvaEdison（）inventionsusingelectricityduringhislongcareer.

問題1選項

A.patentedwithmany

B.patentedformany

C.waspatentedmany

D.patentedmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查及物動詞辨析。“patented”（取得……的專利權）為及物動詞，后面不需要添加介詞，因此可排除A、B選項。C選項“waspatentedmany”屬于被動語態，這里應當是主動發明專利，因此D選項“patentedmany”符合題意，D選項正確。句意：托馬斯?阿爾瓦?愛迪生在他漫長的職業生涯中獲得了許多用電發明的專利。

13.單選題

Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseit（

）boththeoldandtheyoung.

問題1選項

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.immerses

D.indulges

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項facilitate“促進；幫助”；B選項fascinate“使著迷”；C選項immerse“沉浸；使陷入”；D選項indulge“滿足；沉溺；放任”。句意：馬戲團一直都很受歡迎，因為它能同時……老年人和年輕人。馬戲團能使老年人和年輕人都“著迷”，從而受歡迎。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Aremarkmaybecompletely（

）whenitispassedonthroughdifferentmouths.

問題1選項

A.distorted

B.restored

C.recovered

D.misled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。distort“歪曲，扭曲”；restore“修復，恢復”；recover“恢復，重新獲得”；mislead“誤導”。句意：當一種說法被不同人講述后會完全被扭曲。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

問題1選項

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項onthegroundof“因為”；B選項onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C選項inthelightof“鑒于”；D選項onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會已______處于解體。根據語境，這里指奴隸社會快要解體了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Para.2,Line6)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Para.3,Line4)issynonymouswith（）.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

問題1選項

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節事實題。文章第一段說到了原因“Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear…”，不僅汽車產量大，平均家庭持有量也很大，這就是原因。B選項“超過四分之一的家庭擁有兩輛車”由“morethanaquarterhavetwoeach”得出。

第2題:2.細節事實題。本題要求找出“一千萬美國人發現自己的健康狀況很糟糕”的主要原因。文章第二段第三句說到“Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor”，長期失業應被視為主要因素，C選項正確。

第3題:3.詞義推測題。第二段是在說造成一千萬美國人健康狀況糟糕的原因，且說到失業是主要因素，關鍵詞所處句子只是個例子，為了說明上一句中“十分之九的失業是由工業和農業領域的自動化造成的”，說明thedisplaced就是指由自動化導致失業的人。A選項正確。

第4題:4.詞義推測題。該詞出現在第三段第三句中“AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram”，本句表示“根據《社會保障法》，貧困線以下的家庭……從特別福利計劃中獲得福利”，既然是《社會保障法》中的條款，則保障的對象應為貧困線以下的家庭，及這些家庭是“有資格的”，D選項worthy“配得上的；值得的”更合適。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。本題問的是美國人比大多數其他國家人生活更好的原因，這一結論出現在文章最后一段最后一句，其前面一句給出了原因“socialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline”，社會福利項目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的衣食住行問題，D選項“社會福利項目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的問題”符合文意。

17.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot______closeexamination.

問題1選項

A.faceupto

B.makeupto

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項faceupto“勇敢地面對”，B項makeupto“接近，奉承”，C項standupto“經得起，抵抗”，D項lookupto“尊敬，崇拜”。根據關鍵詞falsebanknotes“假鈔”和closeexamination“仔細檢查”可知，C項符合語境。句意：雖然這些假鈔騙過了很多人，但它們并沒有經得起仔細的檢驗。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

18.單選題

Myadviceisthatyou’llhavetoovercomeyour___ifyouwanttobecomeanurse.

問題1選項

A.humanitarianism

B.loftiness

C.squeamishness

D.compassion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“humanitarianism”，意為“人道主義”；B選項“loftiness”，意為“高尚，驕傲”；C選項“squeamishness”意為“易惡心的，神經質”；D選項“compassion”，意為“同情，憐憫”。句意：如果你想成為一名護士，我的建議是你必須克服你的易惡心，因此，C選項符合句意。

19.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問題1選項

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“whimper”，意為“抽泣，吹口哨”；B選項“whim”，意為“心血來潮，突發奇想”，C選項“whirl”，意為“旋轉，回轉”，D選項“whistle”，意為“口哨，汽笛聲”。句意：最后，小男孩去上學了，并沒有多少抗議的念頭。因此，B選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Becauseof（）waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.

問題1選項

A.incomprehensible

B.incomparable

C.inconceivable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項incomprehensible“費解的，無限的”，B項incomparable“無比的，不能比較的”，C項inconceivable“不可思議的，難以置信的”，D項incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”；根據后文“這對夫婦相處起來有些困難”可知，D項符合語境。句意：由于生活方式不相容，這對夫婦很難相處。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

21.單選題

8.

問題1選項

A.Oneminute.

B.Fifteenminutes.

C.Halfanhour.

D.Fiveminutes.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlast?

M:Justashortwhile.

W:Aminute,5minute,halfanhour?

M:Oh,nothalfanhour.

W:Howlongdoesitlast?

M:Aboutaquarterofanhour.

Q:Howlongdoesthemansaythepainlast?

【解析】男人最后說的是“aquarterofanhour”,即15分鐘。故選B。

22.單選題

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（）availablethesedays.

問題1選項

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人電腦對普通人來說不再遙不可及，現在電腦很容易買到。

考查副詞辨析。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；instantly立即地;readily容易地輕而易舉地；quickly迅速地。故C項符合句意。

23.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

問題1選項

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

問題2選項

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

問題3選項

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

問題4選項

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

問題5選項

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。文章第一段最后一句話提到美國每年大約有五萬三千人死于二手煙（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到點燃的香煙產生的煙霧含有許多不同的有毒化學物質（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接著提到即使不吸煙的人體內也含有大量有害的有毒化學物質（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸煙的人之所以受吸煙人的影響是因為他們吸入了有毒氣體，因此選項A符合題意。

3.細節事實題。文章講述了二手煙的危害，選項A“不吸煙的人被迫吸入二手煙”、選項B“不吸煙的人由于吸入二手煙而喪命”、選項C“我們所有人或多或少都會受到二手煙的影響”都能在文章中體現，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節事實題。文章并沒有提到吸入二手煙的不良影響與精神疾病有關，因此選項B符合題意。

5.細節事實題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到對于那些父母都吸煙的家庭中的孩子來說，這種風險甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此選項C符合題意。

24.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichaltertheway