跨文化交際考試重點歸納跨文化交際考試重點歸納跨文化交際考試重點歸納跨文化交際考試重點歸納編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:題型：partI,TrueorFalse,30%（提醒學生在答題時要正確的畫A，錯的畫B）15x2（除第八章）partII.MultipleChoices20%,20x1.(2,4,5細節)PartIII.CulturalPuzzles10%(與課后習題中的cultrualpuzzles類似，不過是四個選項，范圍為課后習題中的culturalpuzzles和我們在每個單元劃出的重點案例）5X2.PartIV.TermMatching15%（名詞解釋，從備選的terms中選擇與其對應的definitions，要考到的terms都已經發給大家）15x1.PartV.Short-Answer

Questions15%(簡答題，范圍在我們劃過的重點內）5X3.PartVI.CaseStudy10%(課外案例分析，閱讀一個案例，回答三個小問題，題目不會超出課內講解的內容）10x1.要補充的重點為p114,（E.DiscoverthemeaningofsomecommongesturesinEnglish),p129,(B.Whatarethecharacteristicsoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkrespectively)另外讓學生深入研究unit5和Unit2，Unit4(culturally-loadedwords)，以及每單元的重點案例，以及單元后面的練習A,B(劃過的問答題）,C(EuphemismUnderstanding),以及E(culturalpuzzles)TermsUnit11.Economicglobalization:經濟全球化theintegrationofnationaleconomiesintotheinternationaleconomythroughtrade,foreigndirectinvestment,capitalflows,migration,andthespreadoftechnology.2.Globalvillage:地球村Allthedifferentpartsoftheworldformonecommunitylinkedtogetherbyelectroniccommunications,especiallytheInternet.3.Meltingpot:大熔爐asocio-culturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities.4.CulturalDiversity:文化多樣性themixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforcewithafullmixofculturesandsub-culturestowhichmembersbelong.5.Interculturalcommunication:跨文化交際communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.6.Culture:文化alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople.7.Enculturation:文化適應alltheactivitiesoflearningone’sculturearecalledenculturation.8.Acculturation:文化傳入theprocesswhichadoptsthechangesbroughtaboutbyanothercultureanddevelopsanincreasedsimilaritybetweenthetwocultures.9.Ethnocentrism:民族優越感thebeliefthatyourownculturalbackgroundissuperior.Communication:交際tosharewithortomakecommon,asingivingtoanotherapartorshareofyourthoughts,hopes,andknowledge.（以下為componentsofcommunication)PS:whatisthedifferencebetweenencoding&decodingEncodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.Decodingistheprocessofassigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived.11.Source發送信息的人Thesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate.12.Encoding編碼Unfortunately(orperhapsfortunately),humansarenotabletosharethoughtsdirectly.Yourcommunicationisintheformofasymbolrepresentingtheideayoudesiretocommunicate.Encodingistheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.13.Message信息Thetermmessageidentifiestheencodedthought.Encodingistheprocess,theverb;themessageistheresultingobject.14.Channel渠道Thetermchannelisusedtechnicallytorefertothemeansbywhichtheencodedmessageistransmitted.Thechannelormedium,then,maybeprint,electronic,orthelightandsoundwavesoftheface-to-facecommunication.15.Noise噪音Thetermnoisetechnicallyreferstoanythingthatdistortsthemessagethesourceencodes.16.Receiver接的人Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.17.Decoding解碼Decodingistheoppositeprocessofencodingandjustasmuchanactiveprocess.Thereceiverisactivelyinvolvedinthecommunicationprocessbyassigningmeaningtothesymbolsreceived.18.Receiverresponse反饋Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.Receiverresponsereferstoanythingthereceiverdoesafterhavingattendedtoanddecodedthemessage.19.Feedback反饋Feedbackreferstothatportionofthereceiverresponseofwhichthesourcehasknowledgeandtowhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning.20.Context語境Thefinalcomponentofcommunicationiscontext.Generally,contextcanbedefinedastheenvironmentinwhichthecommunicationtakesplaceandwhichhelpsdefinethecommunication.精講案例 Case1(p.1)case2(p.2)思考題whatarethefourtrendsthatleadtothedevelopmentoftheglobalvillageP8-9+簡要說明convenienttransportationsystemsinnovativecommunicationsystemseconomicglobalizationwidespreadmigrationsWhatarethethreeingredientsofculture?Artifacts(thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce)Behavior(whattheydo)Concept(whattheythink)Howtounderstandculturaliceberg?P7Theaspectsofculturethatareexplicit,visible,taught.Theaspectsofculturethatareintangibleandnottaughtdirectly.Whatarethecharacteristicofculture?Shared,learned,dynamic,ethnocentric(文化中心主義），Whatarethecharacteristicofcommunication?Dynamic,irreversible,symbolic,systematic,transactional,contextualUnit2-411.Pragmatics:語用學thestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehavior.12.Semantics:語意thestudyofthemeaningofwords.13.Denotation:字面意思theliteralmeaningordefinitionofaword---theexplicit,particular,definedmeaning.14.Connotation:弦外之音thesuggestivemeaningofaword---allthevalues,judgments,andbeliefsimpliedbyaword,thehistoricalandassociativeaccretionoftheunspokensignificancebehindtheliteralmeaning.15.Taboo:禁忌語someobjects,wordsoractionsthatareavoidedbyaparticulargroupofpeople,orincertaincultureforreligiousorsocialreasons.16.Euphemism:委婉語theactofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensive.精講案例Case1,case2(p.17)case4(p.19)Case2(p43)case3(p.45)Case1(p.67)case3(p.69)思考題6.HowisChineseaddressingdifferentfromAmericanaddressing?(p.33)TheAmericanstendtoaddressonlywithgivennameswhiletheChinesemayusethefullname.EvenwhenthefullnamesareusedinsomeformaloccasionsbytheAmericans,thegivennameswouldbeplacedbeforethesurnamewhiletheChinesewoulddotheopposite.ChineseoftenextendkinshiptermstopeoplenotrelatedbybloodormarriagewhiletheAmericansseldomdoso.TheChinesetendtoaddressthepeoplewithtitlesbutinEnglishonlyafewoccupationortitlescouldbeused.7.Whatarethesocialfunctionsofcompliments(p.60)(答案p50第一段)Complimentshaveaseriesofsocialfunctions:creatingorreinforcingsolidarity,greetingpeople,expressingthanksorcongratulations,encouragingpeople,softeningcriticism,startingaconversation,orevenovercomingembarrassment.Unit517.Chronemics:時間學Thestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.18.Monochronictime:一元時間概念payingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.19.Polychronictime:多元時間概念beinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.20.Proxemics:空間學theperceptionanduseofspace.21.Kinetics:身勢學thestudyofbodylanguage22.Paralanguage:輔助語言involvingsoundsbutnotwordsandlyingbetweenverbalandnonverbalcommunication.精講案例case1(p.85)case3(p.87)case5,6(p.90)case7(p.91)思考題8.WhatarethedifferentfeaturesofM-timeandP-time?(p97)M-timemeanspayingattentiontoanddoingonlyonethingatatime.M-timeisnotedforitsemphasisonschedules,segmentationandpromptness.Itfeaturesoneeventatatime.Timeisperceivedasalinearstructureandsomethingconcretetangible.P-timemeansbeinginvolvedwithmanythingsatonce.P-timeislessrigidandclock-bound.Itfeaturesseveralactivitiesatthesametime.Itismoreflexibleandhuman-centered.9.whatisthemeaningofcommongesturesinEnglishP114(答案P233-234)

Unit6精講案例case1(p.115)case2(p.116)p.124-126中的小案例思考題9.Howisgenderdifferentfromsex?（p.129）(答案P.119/120)10.Whathasinfluencedthegendersocialization?Therearetwoprimaryinfluencesongendersocialization:familycommunication,particularlybetweenmothersandchildrenandrecreationalinteractionamongchildren.Whatarethesixprinciplesforeffectivecross-gendercommunication(p.129)(答案127-128)Suspendjudgement,recognizethevalidityofdifferentcommunicationstyles,providetranslationcues,enlargeyourowncommunicationstyle,suspendjudgement.whatarethecharacteristicsoffemininetalkandmasculinetalkrespectively?P123Unit7精講案例case1(p.137)case3(p.139)Discusstheconceptsofhighcontextcultureandlowcontextculture(p153)(結合最后一個單元中ppt的講解，了解high-contextculture和low-contextculture兩個概念)Ahigh-contextcommunicationormessageisoneinwhichmostoftheinformationisalreadyintheperson,whileverylittleisinthecoded,explicitlytransmittedpartofthemessage.Inhigh-contextcultures,verbalmessageshavelittlemeaningwithoutthesurroundingcontext,whichincludestheoverallrelationshipbetweenallthepeopleengagedincommunication.(沉默是金；一切盡在不言中；心有靈犀一點通)Alowcontextcommunicationisthejusttheopposite;i.e.themassoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.High-contextculturelow-contextcultureJapaneseChineseKoreanAmerican…………..GermanGerman-SwissUnit923.Aplanetaryculture:行星文化aculturethatintegrateseasternmysticismwithwesternscienceandrationalism.24.Interculturalperson:跨文化的人representssomeonewhosecognitive,affective,andbehavioralcharacteristicsarenotlimitedbutopentogrowthbeyondthepsychologicalparametersofhisorherownculture.思考題13.WhataretheAmerican/ChineseculturalvalueslikeintermsofCulturalOrientationputforwardbyKluckhohnandS