書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-四川信息職業技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

輸出隨輸入的變化是很大的。

【答案】Theoutputvariesgreatlyfromtheinput.

2.填空題

Meteorologistsdescribetheairprimarilyintermsofitscomposition,temperature,pressure,windspeed,winddirection,precipitation,and________.(humid)

【答案】humidity

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞and，可知precipitation和橫線所在內容為并列結構，應該和precipitation一樣為名詞，humidity“（空氣中的）濕度”符合語境，指的是濕度是描述空氣的元素之一。

【句意】氣象學家主要根據空氣的組成、溫度、壓力、風速、風向、降雨量和濕度來描述空氣。

3.單選題

Somepeoplebelievethat“KingJohn”waswrittenbyShakespeare,butsomepeoplethinkitmightbewrittenbyan（）author.

問題1選項

A.ambiguous

B.authentic

C.antique

D.anonymous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ambiguous模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；authentic真正的，真實的；antique古老的，年代久遠的；anonymous匿名的，無名的。由but可知前后句所述內容相反，前半句說有人相信莎士比亞是《約翰王》的作者，后半句推測作者是一個匿名的作家。故D項正確。句意：有些人認為《約翰王》是莎士比亞寫的，但有些人認為它可能是匿名的作者寫的。

4.單選題

Theearlypioneershadto（

）manyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.

問題1選項

A.goalongwith

B.gobackon

C.gothrough

D.gointo

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項goalongwith“贊同，陪同前往，附合”；B選項gobackon“違背，背棄”；C選項gothrough“經歷，通過，經受”；D選項gointo“進入,研究”。根據句意“為了在新大陸中定居，早期的拓荒者們需要……重重苦難”，C選項“經歷”正確。

5.單選題

Theextremely（

）tradeinendangeredspeciesisprovingirresistibletocountriesingravecurrencycrisis.

問題1選項

A.lucrative

B.approximate

C.ambitious

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lucrative意為“獲利多的，賺錢的”；approximate意為“大概的”；ambitious意為“有雄心的”；prospective意為“預期的”。

句意：極其有利可圖的瀕危物種貿易對于那些面臨嚴重貨幣危機的國家來說是無法抗拒的。

6.單選題

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（）sightonTV.

問題1選項

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項panic“恐慌的”；B選項patriotic“愛國的”；C選項pathetic“可憐的、悲哀的”；D選項periodic“周期的、定期的”，句意為：一場可怕的交通事故發生了。人們從電視上看到這悲慘的場面時都感到很難過。因此選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Peopleinnately（

）forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.

問題1選項

A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify

D.adhere

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。strivefor意為“爭取,奮斗”；選項B為及物動詞；選項C和D通常與介詞to搭配。所以選項A正確。

8.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoil—thebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”inPara.2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury

問題2選項

A.Toemphasizetherailroad’sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問題3選項

A.Railwayworkers

B.Farmers

C.Europeans

D.Citydwellers

問題4選項

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位在第二段中Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.（在美國工業化的過程中一個關鍵的發展是鐵路的發展。）以及全文都在介紹影響美國工業化的因素（如鐵、煤和石油等原材料、勞動力等）綜合而知，C選項“影響美國工業化的因素”正確，符合題意。A選項“美國的鐵路發展史”，B選項“美國主要的工業中心”及D選項“農業在19世紀的角色”在文中均未提及，可排除。故選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第二段中TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.（鐵路網迅速擴張，直到美國的鐵路地圖看起來像一張蜘蛛網，這些鋼鐵絲狀物將原材料產地，原材料的生產和配送中心連在一起。）由此可知，美國的鐵路路線多，且像蜘蛛網一樣結構復雜。因此B選項“去描述鐵路系統的復雜結構”正確，符合題意。A選項“去強調鐵路對石油和煤炭的消耗”，C選項“去解釋鐵路擴張帶來的問題”，D選項“去描述原材料配送中涉及的困難”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細節題。定位到文章的第三段Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.（工廠的這些產品很快被居住了工人和批發商的城市所消耗。）工廠產品的最大消費者是居住在那里的人。因此D選項“城市居住者”正確，符合題意。A選項“鐵路工人”，B選項“農民”，C選項“歐洲人”，均不符合題意，可排除。故選D。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細節題。根據第三段中AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.（美國的農業生產趕得上美國城市的需求，且仍然有剩余以銷售到歐洲的工業中心。）可知D選項“他們不能為城市生產足夠的食物”錯誤，與原文不符。也能夠知道C選項“他們將食物銷售到歐洲國家”正確，與原文相符。由第三段中的倒數第二句Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.（城市人口的增加得益于農業生產的增加，反過來，農業生產因新的農業機械的使用而變得更多產）可知B選項“他們通過使用新機械而提高了生產力”正確，與原文相符。由最后一段中ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.（工廠運行和鐵路建設的勞動力部分來自美國的農村地區，那里的人正被農業機械所取代，一部分來自于亞洲，一部分來自歐洲。）可知A選項“他們由于機械化而失去了一些工作”，正確，與原文相符。故選D。

9.單選題

Amongthe74citiesmonitoredforairqualitystandards,thelevelofPM2.5fellby11.1%（）in2014,butonly8metthenationalstandardforcleanair,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionsaidFriday.

問題1選項

A.inconsequence

B.atallcosts

C.onaverage

D.intheextreme

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。A選項inconsequence表示“因此，結果”，B選項atallcosts表示“無論如何，不惜一切代價”，C選項onaverage表示“平均，普通，通常”，D選項intheextreme表示“非常，極度”。由句意可知，在進行空氣質量標準監測的74個城市中，2014年PM2.5水平（）下降了11.1%，所以只有C選項詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項。

10.單選題

Hearsayevidenceconsistsofstatementsmadeoutofcourtbysomeonewhoisnotpresenttotestifyunderoathatatrial.

問題1選項

A.mistrust

B.dispute

C.scrutiny

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓約，詛咒”；A項mistrust“不信任，懷疑”，B項dispute“辯論，爭吵，意見不同”，C項scrutiny“詳細審查，監視，細看”，D項pledge“保證，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接證據指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作證時所作的證詞。因此，根據句意可知D選項正確。

11.單選題

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項Accordingto“根據……”；B選項Carryingon“繼承，開始實施”；C選項Lookingthrough“瀏覽，溫習”；D選項Puttingout“撲滅，搏出”。句意：根據新規定，你每個月可以享受三天的帶薪病假。A選項與劃線詞的詞義最接近，因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Althoughthereareoccasionaloutbreaksofgunfire,wecanreportthattherebellionhasinthemainbeen（）.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.destroyed

C.suppressed

D.restrained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然偶爾會爆發槍聲，但我們可以報道，叛亂基本上已被鎮壓。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的過去分詞形式。cancel取消;刪去；destroy破壞;消滅;毀壞;suppress抑制；鎮壓；restrain抑制；約束。該動詞的主語是therebellion(這場叛亂)，因此C項符合句意。

13.單選題

ItissodifficulttolistallofJohn’sattributesbecausehehasmanydifferenttalentsandabilities.

問題1選項

A.preferences

B.virtues

C.qualities

D.interests

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項preferences“偏好”；B選項virtues“優點”；C選項qualities“品質”；D選項interests“興趣”。句意：要列出約翰所有的品質是很困難的，因為他有很多不同的天賦和能力。劃線部分attributes是品質的意思。因此C選項正確。

14.填空題

Who（1）youyourfirstChinesecharacterswhenyouwereachild?Anddidyouuseapencil,apen（2）abrushtowritethem?

【答案】1.taught

2.and

【解析】1.語義題。teachsb.sth.“教授某人”，由題干的表示時間的“whenyouwereachild”可知第一個空應填入teach的過去式taught。

2.邏輯分析。apencil,apen,abrush三者是并列關系,用and連接表示列舉。

15.單選題

Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?

問題1選項

A.Excuseme,but

B.thinkthatit’sratherodd

C.thenturnaroundandtreat

D.asifhewereanuisance?

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

16.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

問題1選項

A.expanding

B.prolonging

C.stretching

D.extending

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項expand“擴大，增加”；B選項prolong“延長，拉長”；C選項stretch“伸展”；D選項extend“延伸”。此處表示“伸展身體”，因此選C。句意：早上的工作做完后，職員們站在桌子后面伸展身體。

17.單選題

Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage（）.

問題1選項

A.relatively

B.actually

C.annually

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成幾十億美元價值的財產損害。

考查副詞辨析。relatively相對地；比較地；actually實際上；annually每年；comparatively比較上；相對地。因此C符合句意。

18.單選題

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto（

）theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

問題1選項

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項suffice“使滿足”；B選項necessitate“使成為必需”；C選項facilitate“促進，幫助”；D選項fabricate“偽造”。句意：應該建立完善的市場體系促進人才、資金和物資的流動。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

Somerobotsmay______applythesetechniquestoinstallanewnetworkthereinthenearfuture.

問題1選項

A.conceivably

B.unbelievable

C.unimaginably

D.unthinkably

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項conceivably“可以想象的是，可以想得到的是”，B項unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”，C項unimaginably“難以想象地”，D項unthinkably“無法接受地”。句子的意思是“在不久的將來，一些機器人可能會應用這些技術來安裝一個新的網絡”，那么由此可知，這種情況是“不敢想象地”，C項符合。句意：在不久的將來，一些機器人可能會意想不到地應用這些技術來安裝一個新的網絡。因此，該題選擇C項。

20.單選題

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

問題1選項

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項helddown“抑制”；B選項keptdown“控制”；C選項cutdown“削減”；D選項turndown“推倒”。句意：舊造紙廠已被拆除，以便騰出地方建一個新的購物中心。本句表示拆除舊造紙廠，因此D選項正確。

21.單選題

Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.

問題1選項

A.deprivedof

B.divestedof

C.lackingin

D.exemptfrom

【答案】C

【解析】句意：無論是有意還是無意，我們正在創建理查德?約翰?紐豪斯牧師所說的“赤裸的公共廣場”，一個……任何宗教信仰的世俗社區。A選項deprivedof“被剝奪的；嚴重匱乏的”；B選項divestedof“剝奪”；C選項lackingin“缺乏”；D選項exemptfrom“豁免；免除”?！俺嗦愕墓矎V場”意味著沒有任何宗教信仰的束縛，因此C選項“缺乏”符合題意。

22.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中國式問候

吃飯時間，“你吃了嗎？”是中國人最常用的問候語。不理解這種風俗的外國人會認為這是在邀請一起吃飯。但是，這僅僅是簡單的問候，不是真的在發出邀請，所以可以回答“吃了，我吃過了?！被蛘哒f“沒有，我還沒吃?！背恕澳愠粤藛?”，中文中還有其他打招呼的方式，比如說“去哪兒？”、“忙嗎？”、“干什么呢？”、“去上班？”等等。我們可以發現中國人問候的時候喜歡問別人在做什么，做了什么，要做什么。

【答案】Chinesegreeting

“Haveyoueaten?”isacommongreetingamongChinesewhenitisthetimeforameal.Foreignerswhodonotunderstandthiskindofcustommightregardthisasaninvitationtohaveamealtogether.However,thisisjustasimplegreeting,notarealinvitation,socanreplywith“Yes,Ihaveeaten.”or“No,notyet.”Inadditionto“Haveyoueaten?”,therearemanyotherexpressionsforsayinghelloinChinese,like“Whereareyougoing?”,“Areyoubusy?”,“Whatareyoudoing?”,“Areyougoingtowork?”,etc.WecanfindthatwhenChinesepeoplegreeteachother,theyliketoaskaboutthethingsothersaredoing,justdidoraregoingtodo.

23.單選題

Mr.Mortongradually（

）theknowledgeofthesubject.

問題1選項

A.attained

B.required

C.acquired

D.enquired

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項attain“達到，實現”；B選項require“要求”；C選項acquire“獲得，學到”；D選項enquire“詢問”。句意：Morton先生漸漸掌握了這門課程的知識。選項C更符合語境。

24.單選題

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.

WritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes23-27onyourAnswerSheet.

1.Adevelopedsystemofnumbering（）.

2.Anadditionalhandsignal（）.

3.Inseventh-centuryEurope,theabilitytocounttoacertainnumber（）.

4.Thinkingaboutnumbersasconceptsseparatefromphysicalobjects（）.

5.Expressingnumberdifferentlyaccordingtoclassofitem（）.

問題1選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題2選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題3選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題4選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題5選項

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:E

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:G

【解析】1.根據文章第二段，“Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.”，可知當他們開始定居、種植植物和放牧動物時，對復雜的數字系統的需求變得至關重要?？膳袛喑鲆环N發達的數字系統對于開始農作的人們來說是非常有必要的。選項B符合題意。

2.根據文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在實際情況中，數字和單詞往往伴隨著手勢，以幫助解決任何困惑?？膳袛喑鲱~外的手勢信號也是有必要的，當數字有限時，可以幫助解除困惑。根據文章第四段，“Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.”，可知在數字單詞和表達有限的情況可追溯到歐洲的語言的早期版本。可判斷出當數字單詞的范圍被限制時，可以使用手勢信號，這種情況可以追溯到早期的歐洲語言。選項E符合題意。

3.根據文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!”，可知七世紀歐洲的普通人對數字并不像我們今天這樣熟悉。事實上，要想成為法庭上的證人，一個人必須能夠數到九?？膳袛喑鲈谄呤兰o的歐洲，一定的數數能力是履行公民角色的必要條件。選項A符合題意。

4.根據文章第五段，“Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.”，可知當數字4在大腦中被看作一個獨立于引用對象的特定概念時，就邁出了發展數字符號系統的第一步，然后開始發展成為算術?？膳袛喑霭褦底挚醋魇仟毩⒂谖锢韺ο蟮母拍顚τ谒阈g的發展是必要的。選項C符合題意。

5.根據文章第六段，“Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted.”，可知今天，我們可以在幾種現存的語言中看到記數發展的最初階段的痕跡。不列顛哥倫比亞省的Tsimshian語言的記數系統包含7組不同的單詞，根據被計數物品的類別來表示數字?？膳袛喑龈鶕矬w類別不同而用不同的數字表示是早期記數系統的一個特點。選項G符合題意。

25.單選題

Ioftenspeakofourdistrict’sperformancedatawithsadness.Thesituationforourcity’schildrenisterrible.YetwhileIacknowledgetheseriousnessoftheworkweface,Iwanttobeclearaboutsomething:Idonotblameteachersforthelowachievementlevels.

Ihavetalkedwithtoomanyteacherstobelievethisistheirfault.Ihavewatchedthempourtheirenergyintoengagingeverystudent.Iknowtheyareworkingfuriouslyinasystemthatformanyyearshasnotappreciatedthem—sometimesnotevenpayingthemontimeorprovidingtextbooks.Thosewhocategoricallyblameteachersforthefailuresofoursystemaresimplywrong.

Rather,teachersarethesolutiontothevexingproblemsfacingurbaneducation.

Inthecomingweeks,wewillsubmitafinalproposalforanewteachercontract.Throughitandotherreforms,wecancreate,together,themosteffectiveeducatorforceinthecountry.Ourkeygoals:

Agrowthmodelofachievement.Manyteachersinheritclassesofstudentswhoarefarbehindacademically.Yetsometeachers,evenwithminimalsupport,movetheirstudentstwotothreegradelevelsaheadinayear.Teacherswillnotbeevaluatedonanabsolutemeasurebutonhowfartheytaketheirstudents.

Protectionfromarbitraryfirings.Someteachersareconcernedaprincipalmaywanttofirethemforreasonsunrelatedtoperformance.Whileprincipalswhodothisrisktheirownjobs(firingeffectiveteachersisasurewaytolowerschoolachievement),wewillensureprotectionsforteachers.Wenee