書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京師范大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

Directingtheunionaretechnologicaladvancesthathavemadeiteasiertostoreandrapidlytransmitinformationintohomesandoffices.Fiber-opticcable,forexample—madeupofhair-thinglassfibers—isatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire,ortensofthousandsofparagraphssuchasthisoneeverysecond.

Thegreatlyincreasedvolumeandspeedofdatatransmissionthatthesetechnologiespermitcanbecomparedtothewayinwhichahighwaywithmanylanesallowsmorecarstomoveatfasterspeedsthanatwo-lanehighway—hence,theinformationsuperhighway.

【答案】【參考譯文】引導(dǎo)聯(lián)合的是技術(shù)進(jìn)步，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使信息更容易存儲(chǔ)和迅速傳輸?shù)郊彝ズ娃k公室。例如，由細(xì)如發(fā)絲的玻璃纖維制成的光纖是一種非常高效的信息載體。通過玻璃纖維發(fā)的激光可以傳輸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電話線25萬倍的數(shù)據(jù)，或者每秒傳輸數(shù)萬段這樣的段落。

這些技術(shù)極大地增加了數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)牧亢退俣龋梢耘c多車道高速公路比雙車道高速公路允許更多的汽車以更快的速度移動(dòng)的方式相比較——因此，信息高速公路由此得名。

2.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時(shí)刻才被允許提前離開。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.

【答案】當(dāng)前，人類文明對(duì)全球環(huán)境造成的威脅的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)質(zhì)和全球環(huán)境的變化對(duì)人類文明造成的威脅的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)質(zhì)向我們提出了一系列相似的挑戰(zhàn)，同時(shí)也使我們產(chǎn)生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有人認(rèn)為有了某種嶄新的終極技術(shù),無論是核能還是基因工程,就可以解決這個(gè)問題。還有人則認(rèn)為只有大力減少我們對(duì)技術(shù)的依賴才能改善人類的生存環(huán)境——這種看法充其量是一種簡化的看法。然而，真正的解決辦法將在徹底改變和最終修復(fù)文明與地球間的關(guān)系中被找到。要完成這一點(diǎn)，只有通過重新仔細(xì)估量導(dǎo)致這種關(guān)系在較近時(shí)期內(nèi)發(fā)生的劇烈變化的所有各種因素才行。改變我們與地球的關(guān)系的途徑當(dāng)然會(huì)涉及到新技術(shù)的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用，但是關(guān)鍵的改變將與思考這種關(guān)系本身的新方式有關(guān)。

5.單選題

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:讓我們把兩只手一起放水中，以測試水溫。

語法題。考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。此處hands和place之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。故D正確。

6.單選題

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不動(dòng)的,靜止的;stagnant停滯的,遲鈍的;briskness敏捷,活潑;sluggish行動(dòng)遲緩的。句意：上周，學(xué)校董事會(huì)主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT數(shù)學(xué)成績的提高，也哀嘆語文成績停滯不前。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”；objective“客觀的”；indignant“憤憤不平的”。句意：當(dāng)被指出犯了錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thiscan（）somethingthatthestudentsmaynothavecomprehendedinEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.signify

B.specify

C.clarify

D.testify

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。signify“表示；預(yù)示”；specify“指明；詳細(xì)說明”；clarify“闡明”；testify“證明”，根據(jù)“學(xué)生們可能沒有理解的”可知此處應(yīng)該選用動(dòng)詞specify，表示“詳細(xì)的解釋，說明”，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：這個(gè)能詳細(xì)地解釋一些學(xué)生們可能沒有理解的英語問題。

9.單選題

Thebadweathermeant（）therocketlaunch(發(fā)射)for48hours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delaying

B.havingdelayed

C.todelay

D.tohavedelayed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:糟糕的天氣意味著火箭發(fā)射推延48小時(shí)。

考查固定搭配。meantodosth.打算做某事。meandoingsth.意味著做某事。故選A。

10.單選題

Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,theexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.

Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awinkcanbeawayofflirtingorindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguide,warn,andinstructpeople.

Whileverbalizationisthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Whichformotherthanoralspeechwouldbemostcommonlyusedamongblindpeople?

4.Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedhere?

5.Signlanguageissaidtobeverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationallyexceptfor（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.

B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.

C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.

D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therearemanyformsofcommunicationinexistencetoday.

B.Verbalizationisthemostcommonformofcommunication.

C.Thedeafandmuteuseanoralformofcommunication.

D.Ideasandthoughtscanbetransmittedbybodylanguage.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.picturesigns

B.Braille

C.bodylanguage

D.signalflags

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.5

B.7

C.9

D.11

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.spelling

B.ideas

C.wholewords

D.expressions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講肢體語言。一般來說,思想和感情的表達(dá)都是以口頭語言的形式進(jìn)行的。但當(dāng)有語言障礙時(shí),交流可以通過其他形式完成,比如肢體語言。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句可知,游客,盲人和聾啞人使用的是signlanguage,而不是oralformofcommunication。所以選項(xiàng)C表述錯(cuò)誤。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文可知Braille是一種用指尖閱讀的凸點(diǎn)系統(tǒng),即盲文,適合盲人使用。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章中提到了oralspeech、signlanguage,bodylanguage、Braille、signalflags,Morsecode、smokesignals、roadmaps、picturesigns這9種交際方式,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.”這些完整的文字符號(hào)中有許多是非常生動(dòng)和準(zhǔn)確的,可以在國際上使用；然而拼寫不能。所以本題選A。

11.單選題

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)provided“假如，倘若”；B選項(xiàng)unless“除非”；C選項(xiàng)though“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)until“直到”。根據(jù)句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火車，那么你可以早點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦開會(huì)。后者是前者的條件，所以填入表示條件的連詞provided,選項(xiàng)A正確。

12.單選題

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒謬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“過量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他們彼此都很討厭對(duì)方,所以爭論就難以避免。根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

13.單選題

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，請(qǐng)帶傘。_____。所以回答應(yīng)該是：好的，為了以防萬一。A項(xiàng)“是的，慢慢來”；B項(xiàng)“僅僅取決于”；D項(xiàng)“不客氣”。根據(jù)句意選C。

14.單選題

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Accordingto“根據(jù)……”；B選項(xiàng)Carryingon“繼承，開始實(shí)施”；C選項(xiàng)Lookingthrough“瀏覽，溫習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)Puttingout“撲滅，搏出”。句意：根據(jù)新規(guī)定，你每個(gè)月可以享受三天的帶薪病假。A選項(xiàng)與劃線詞的詞義最接近，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。for、since通常表示原因，不和that連用，nowthat“既然，因?yàn)椋捎凇保籨espite“盡管”。句意：由于我的頭腦清醒了，我的大腦也開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更好了。前后句因果關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.various各種各樣的B.numerable可數(shù)的

C.multiple數(shù)量多的D.numerous許多的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“這種鳥最近在這里變得更加____（more____）了”，空格處所填詞在該句中做表語；根據(jù)后文“我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊”推測，這種鳥在這里可能會(huì)被獵殺，一般鳥多的地方會(huì)出現(xiàn)偷獵行為，因此數(shù)量變多了符合原句語義銜接，D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”不符合原句語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)numerable“可數(shù)的”，是numerous的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)multiple“數(shù)量多的”，只能用于名詞前，做定語，但原句中空格后沒有名詞；

【句意】最近這種鳥在這里越來越多了；我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊。

17.單選題

IntheOldTestament,AbrahamplainlyassumesthatGodwasunderamoral（）todistinguishbetweentherighteousandthewicked,andthathehadnorighttodealwiththemalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.objection

B.objectivity

C.obligation

D.observation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)objection“異議；反對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)objectivity“客觀性”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)；職責(zé)”；D選項(xiàng)observation“觀察；監(jiān)視”。句意：在舊約中，亞伯拉罕清楚地認(rèn)為上帝有道義……區(qū)分正義與邪惡，但他沒有相同的權(quán)利。主語是上帝，后面所說的區(qū)分正義與邪惡，是在具體地說一項(xiàng)工作。上帝完成他的工作，是他的職責(zé)與義務(wù)所在。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.

Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.

Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,thelatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.

Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.

Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuelingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdisease.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.

ProfPrenticesaid:“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?”Theanswerisyes-andno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeinterms,ofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.

9.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”(Para.2)mean?

10.WhichstatementisTRUE?

11.AccordingtoProfPrentice,whatarethereasonsforthechangeinourshape?

12.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger”?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingmostoftime.

B.Eatingtoomuch.

C.Studyingveryhard.

D.Thinkingpassively.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in.

B.Theaveragewaistsizeforawomanis30in.

C.Inthemid-Eighties,morethanhalfmillionunder-16sintheUKareclassedasoverweight.

D.TheobesitypandemichasnowspreadtoSouthAmerica.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Weeattoomuchandrefusetodophysicalexercises.

B.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandtechnologydevelopsfast.

C.High-energyfoodsarethemaindietandweusetechnology.

D.High-energyfoodsareeasytogetandweconsumelessenergy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Answeringthequestion“Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren?”

B.Thedoughnutandburgershouldbebanned.

C.Weshouldleadahealthylife.

D.Weshouldbegindieting.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】9.詞義推測題。定位在第二段Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentarylifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.（來自倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的安德魯?普倫蒂斯教授說，高脂肪的快餐飲食加上以電視和電腦為主的……的生活方式可能意味著孩子會(huì)悲劇性地在年輕時(shí)死去。）降低體重的方式一是要控制飲食，二就是需要鍛煉運(yùn)動(dòng)。而現(xiàn)在的人們吃著高脂肪的快餐做著以電視和電腦為主的工作，由此可知這樣的生活方式是宅的，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“大部分時(shí)間坐著”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“吃得太多”，C選項(xiàng)“非常努力的學(xué)習(xí)”，D選項(xiàng)“消極地思考”，均與題意不符，可排除。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese—doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.（僅僅在英國，就有100多萬16歲以下的兒童被歸為超重或者肥胖，比80年代中期多了一倍）可以了解到英國16歲以下兒童被歸于肥胖的人數(shù)大大地增加了。因此C選項(xiàng)“在80年代中期，超過50萬16歲以下的英國兒童被歸類為超重。”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“男人的平均腰圍是36-38英寸”，B選項(xiàng)“女人的平均腰圍是30英寸”并未指出這只是存在于英國的現(xiàn)象，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“肥胖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)蔓延到南美洲”，文中未提到南美洲是否也有肥胖問題，可排除。故選C。

11.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第四段ProfPrenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyaglutofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdrop,intheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.（普倫蒂斯教授說，導(dǎo)致我們體形變化的原因是現(xiàn)代生活中高熱量食物隨處可見，隨手可得，而科技的發(fā)展使得人們每天消耗的熱量卻大大減少。），由此可知，在教授看來引起肥胖的原因與吃高熱量的食物和人們每天消耗的熱量減少有關(guān)。高熱量和低消耗才是主要原因。因此D選項(xiàng)“高能量的食物很容易得到，我們消耗的能量更少”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“我們吃得太多，拒絕做體育鍛煉”，B選項(xiàng)“高能量食物很容易獲得，科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展很快”，C選項(xiàng)“高能量食物是主要的飲食而且我們使用科技”均與題意不符，可排除。故選D。

12.推理判斷題。最后一段先提出問題Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?（所以孩子們的壽命，會(huì)像最近的美國肥胖的專家聲稱的那樣，比他們的父母還短嗎？）并且回答到答案不確定yes-andno（既是又不是），隨后說明是的情況whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese（當(dāng)后代變得非常肥胖時(shí)）。而最后一句SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger.（所以，就讓我們向甜甜圈和漢堡包說不。）這里不是回答開始的問題，而是呼吁人們要有健康的生活方式遠(yuǎn)離肥胖，不是要禁止油膩食物，也不是要人們一起減肥。因此C選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)健康的生活”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“回答父母會(huì)比孩子長壽嗎？這個(gè)問題”，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該禁止甜甜圈和漢堡包”，D選項(xiàng)“我們應(yīng)該開始節(jié)食”均不符合題意，故選C。

19.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句話提到美國每年大約有五萬三千人死于二手煙（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到點(diǎn)燃的香煙產(chǎn)生的煙霧含有許多不同的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接著提到即使不吸煙的人體內(nèi)也含有大量有害的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸煙的人之所以受吸煙人的影響是因?yàn)樗麄兾肓擞卸練怏w，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章講述了二手煙的危害，選項(xiàng)A“不吸煙的人被迫吸入二手煙”、選項(xiàng)B“不吸煙的人由于吸入二手煙而喪命”、選項(xiàng)C“我們所有人或多或少都會(huì)受到二手煙的影響”都能在文章中體現(xiàn)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章并沒有提到吸入二手煙的不良影響與精神疾病有關(guān)，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到對(duì)于那些父母都吸煙的家庭中的孩子來說，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

Onecommon-sensereason（）childrenlearntospeakisthattheyimitatethosearoundthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】reason做先行詞,后面一般接why引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,選項(xiàng)中的ofwhich=why,表示孩子們學(xué)會(huì)說話的原因。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

21.單選題

Ournexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,IamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonIaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithdiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.

Letusleavetooneside,then,alldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistical;andsoon.

NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked,butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.

31.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

32.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemight（）.

33.Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocuseson（）.

34.Ifarulerwantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands,heneeds（）.

35.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.showingdishonesty

B.showingrebellion

C.showingsubmission

D.showingdisrespect

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime

B.understandtheimportantofanauthoritativestatement

C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige

D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.presentingarealworldtohisreaders

B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders

C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem

D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wickedcruelty

B.immoralqualities

C.cunningsubjects

D.disreputablerivals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnVirtues

B.OnWisdom

C.OnPraiseandCensure

D.OnPower

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.語義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段，根據(jù)“differgreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers（與其他人的建議大相徑庭）”即可得出本題答案。

32.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“aruler”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段最后一句，根據(jù)“Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.（所以對(duì)于一個(gè)統(tǒng)治者來說，如果他想抓住權(quán)力不放，就必須學(xué)會(huì)如何做不好，知道什么時(shí)候該做，什么時(shí)候不該做）”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

33.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“onecannothaveallthegoodqualities,