精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業專心專注專業精選優質文檔傾情為你奉上專心專注專業Glossary（術語表）ThePlattsindustryglossaryiscontinuouslyupdated.Pleaseemailwebeditor@toletusknowifthereisanentryyouwouldlikeustoadd,clarifyorexpand,orifyouthinkwehavemadeamistakeinanyofourdefinitions.Theglossarycoverscommontermsandabbreviationsfromtheoil,power,petrochemicals,nuclear,gas,coalandmetalsmarketsandindustriesA-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z15-DayBrentAAAUsA/FAbandonAccumulationAcetoneAcrylonitrileAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)AfforestationAGAGOAlkylateAlternatingcurrent(AC)AlternatingcurrentdistributionAmericanstyleoptionAmpere(amp)AncillaryservicesAndrew'sPitchforkAnilinepointAnnexIPartiesAnnexIIPartiesanodeANSanthraciteAPIAPIgravityAPTARAArabGulfAramcoarbitragearomaticsasphasphaltassayassessmentassociatedgasat-the-moneyAUDavailabilityfactoravailablebutnotneededcapacityavailsaveragecostpricingavgasavoidedcostBB/LBackwardationBalancingBargeBarrelBasegasBaseloadBaseloadcapacityBaseloadplantBasemetalBBQBcfBearishBenzeneBidBidpriceBillofladingBio-leachingBiomassconversionBituminouscoalBlackstartBlackoutBlendstockBlistercopperBlowmoldingBollingerbandsBPABreakoutBrentblendBritishthermalunit(btu)BrownoutBS&WBtuBTXBTXextractionBullishBunkerCBurner-tipBurnupBusbarBusbarcostButadieneCC+FC4sCalloptionCandlesticksCapacitorCapacityCapacity(purchased)CapacitychargeCapacitymarginCapacityreleaseCapacityrelinquishmentCap-and-tradeCaribsCashandcarryCashmarketCashsettlementCatcrackerCatgasolineCatfeedCathodeCausticSodaCDMCERsCentistokeCertifiedEmissionReductionsCetaneCetanenumberCFDCFPPChannelChemicalgradeChinamainportCIFCircuitCity-gateCleanDevelopmentMechanismClearingClearingfeeCloseoutCloudpointCMECMPCNGCNRCOACOPCofiringCogenerationCombinedcycleCombinedheatandpowerplantCommodityChannelIndexCompressednaturalgasCompressorstationConcentratesCondensateConductorConferenceofPartiesCongestionConnectionConsolidationContangoContiIndexContractContractfordifferencesContractpriceCoolantCPCrackspreadCrackedCrackedfuelCrackingCrudeC4CubicfeetpersecondcurrenciesCTO/MTOcurrentcurtailableratecushiongascustomsmeltercyclescyclingDDAP/DATdatedBrentdecayproductdecliningblockratedegreedaydehydro-genationdekathermdeliverabilitydeltahedgingdeltaneutraldemanddemandsidemanagement(dsm)demurragedepleteduraniumDERDERDderivativedesigndaydieselindexDifferentialdirectcurrent(dc)dirtypowerdiscountdisplacementdistributiondistribution(2)DNADOEdomestic/retailcompetitiondorebardoublebottomdoubletopDowtheorydowntrenddrygasDWTEE-4EBeconomyenergyEFPEISelectrolyticrefiningElliottWaveembeddedcostenablingagreementenergychargeenricheduraniumenvironmentalimpactstudyERUsETBEEthaneEthyleneEthyleneDichlorideEthyleneGlycolETSEUAexerciseexitfeeexpiry(options)exponentially-smoothedmovingaverageFfarm-outFASfastbreederreactorfastreactorFCAFCCFCC(2)FDfeedstockfeedstockgasFERCFERCorder636fertilematerialFibonaccifinaldisposalFIPfirmenergyfirmgasfirmpowerfirstcorefissilematerialfissionfixedchargeflagflashpointflaskflexibilitymechanismfluegasdesulfurizationunit(scrubber)FOBFODforcemajeureforcedoutagerateFortiesforwardpriceforwardpricecurveforwardcontractFreeCarrierFreeonBoardFTfuelassemblyfuelcellfuelfabricationfuelswitchingfull-forcedoutagefusionfuturescontractGg/lgalgallonGanntheorygasbubblegas-gatheringgasoilgasolinegenerationgeneratorgeothermalGHGsgigajoule(GJ)gigawattgigawatthour(gwh)gigawatt-hourGISGOBgoldloansGOMorGMg-pgridGrosskrotzenburgGroup3HHDAheadandshouldersheapleachingheavycrudeoilheavymetalsheavywaterhedgeHenryHubHexaneHFCsHighDensityPolyethylene(HDPE)highlyenricheduraniumHIPSHLSHOHormuz"HotAir"HSFOhubhydroelectricplantIimpedanceinitialmargininjin-lieuenergyinterconnectionInterconnector,(theEuropean)intermediateloadinterruptibledemandinterruptiblegasin-the-moneyintrinsicvalueinverseheadandshouldersIPEIPPirradiatedfuelisomerisomerateisomerizationisotopesITITLITTJJIJISCjointventurejoulesKkerokilowattkilowatt(kw)kilowattyear(kw-y)kilowatt-hourktKyotoProtocolLlambdalandedcostLaufenburglaycanlblendingLIBORliftingLinearLowDensityPolyethylene(LLDPE)lightcrudeoillightendsligniteliquefiednaturalgasliterLLSLMELNGloadloadcurveloadfactorloadmanagementloadshapeloaninglonglong-runmarginalcostsloopflowlossofloadprobability(lolp)LowDensityPolyethylene(LDPE)LPGLRLSFOLSWRLVNMMACD(movingaverageconvergencedivergence)marginalcostpricingmarginalpriceofenergymarket-areastorage,orhubmarketonclosemark-to-marketmcfMedmegawatt(mw)megawatt-hour(mwh)MEKMethanolMethylTertiary-ButylEther(MTBE)MIBKmmbtummcfMMSmoderatormogasmomentumMONMonoethyleneGlycol(MEG)MOPMOPAGMOPSmothballmovingaveragemovingaveragecrossovermovingaverageenvelopesMRMR(2)mtMTBEmunicipalutilityNN&AN2OnameplatecapacityNAPnaphthanaphthenicnaphthenicnaphthaNationalBalancingPointNationalEnergyBoardnaturalgasnaturalgasnaturalgasmeasurementsNERnetcapabilitynetgenerationnetsmelterreturnnetworkNGLnuclearfuelnuclearfuelnuclearpowerplantnuclearreactornuclearwasteNWENYHNYMEXOo/roctanenumberofferoff-peakoffsetOfgemohmolefinsOnBalanceVolumeOPECopeninterestopeninterestopenoutcryopenpitoperatingreservemarginoptimizationoptionscontractorthoxyleneoscillatorout-the-moneyout-turnover-the-counteroxygenateoxygenatedgasolinePP&CP/CPADDparaffinicparaffinicnaphthaParaxyleneparkingPDHpeakdemandpeakloadpeakloadplantpeakingcapacitypennantsPEPindexpetrochemicalsPFCsPFGPhenolphysicaldeliveryplplutoniumpoint-and-figurePolyethylene(PE)PolyethyleneTerephthalate(PET)polymersPolypropylene(PP)Polystyrene(PS)Polyvinylchloride(PVC)poolingpointpostagestampratepostedpricepourpointpowerpurchaseagreementppmPPTprempremiumpricecapprimary/secondaryprimemoverpromptPropyleneproxyhubPRTpumped-storagehydroelectricplantPurifiedTerephthalicAcidputoptionputs/callsratiopygasQQuaIboquotaRR+M/2rackpriceradioactivedecayraffinate-1,raffinate-2rallyrandomwalkRateofChangeofPricesreactortypesRECre-enrichmentrefrefineryReforestationreformateregregunlregassificationpointRelativeStrengthIndexrenewablesourcereservecapacityReservesreservoirresidsresistanceretailcompetitionretracementreversetollingRFGRINsRNRriskdisaggregationrolloverRONrun-of-riverplantRVPSs/dsaltingSBRsecondarymarketsettlementpriceSF6shortSIMEXsmeltersolargenerationsolventextraction-electrowinningSolventNaphtha(C9)sour/sweetcrudesour/sweetgassparkspreadspillspinningreservespotmarketSPRspreadspread(options)Spread-tradingsteamcrackersteamgenerationplantstochasticsstoragestraightrunstrandedinvestment/strandedcostsstresstestingstrikepricestyrenesubstationsuperconductivitysuperconductorsupportsurplusenergysuspswitchingstation/switchyardswapscontractsyntheticnaturalgassystemlambdasystemoperatorTt/at/ctailingstake-or-paytankerstariffTDPtechgrdterawatthours(twh)TETthermthermalgenerationthoriumthroughputtieredratestimevaluetimechartertollingarrangementtollingfeeToluenetonnetransformertransmissiontransmissionlosstransmissionvoltagetreatment/refiningchargestrendtrendlinestriangletriplebottomtripletopturbineturnaroundTVATVA(2)two-partrateUUKCULCCUnconventionalgasuncoveredposition(futures)uncoveredposition(options)UNFCCCUNLuptrenduraniumUSACUSECUSGUSWCVValueatRisk(VaR)vanadiumvarvariablecostsvariationmarginVERsVGOVinylChlorideMonomerviscosityVLCCvolatility(Chaikin's)volatility(historicalvolatility)volatility(options)voltvoltagecontrolvoltagereductionWwattwatthour(wh)weightedmovingaveragewetgaswheelingwheelingservicewholesalewheelingworkinggasWTIWTSXXylenesZZeebrugge15DayBrentThe15-DayBrentcrudeoilmarketisso-calledbecauseasellermustgiveabuyeraminimum15daysnoticeoftheintendedloadingdatesforacargoofBrentBlendNorthSeacrudeoilinanyparticularmonthtraded.15-DayBrentistradedindiscreetmonths.Atthepointwherethebuyer?whomaybeattheendofalongtradingchain?isinformedoftheloadingdates,thecargobecomesaso-calledDatedBrentcargo.AAUsAssignedAmountUnits:NationallevelgreenhousegasemissionallowancesestablishedundertheKyotoProtocol.OneAAUrepresentsonemetrictonofCO2equivalentgreenhousegas.Theamountheldbyeachcountryisdeterminedbythe1990emissionsbaselineandnationalKyototargetfor2008-2012.AAUsaretradableatstatelevelonly.AcountryfailingtomeetitsKyotoemissionsreductiontargetcanbuyAAUsfromanotherKyotoAnnexIcountrythathasmetitstargetandholdsasurplus.A/FAbbreviationforanti-freeze,oneofthelargerend-usesofmonoethyleneglycol.AbandonToallowanoptiontoexpireworthless.AccumulationAsituationinwhichthemarketisdominatedbybuyers,who‘accumulate’thecommoditytheyaretrading.AcetoneAcetoneisavolatileliquidusedasanindustrialsolvent.AcrylonitrileAcrylonitrileisanimportantmonomerforthemanufactureofusefulplasticssuchaspolyacrylonitrile.Mostindustrialacrylonitrileisproducedbycatalyticammoxidationofpropylene.Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)ABSisaterpolymermadebypolymerizingstyreneandacrylonitrileinthepresenceofpolybutadiene.AfforestationTheestablishmentoftreesonanareathathaslackedforestcoverforaverylongtimeorhasneverbeenforested(seealsoreforestation).AGSeeArabGulfAGOAtmosphericgasoil.AlkylateAgasolineblendingcomponentcomposedofisobutaneandpropyleneorbutylene.Alternatingcurrent(AC)Aperiodiccurrent,theaveragevalueofwhichoveraperiodiszero.Typicallyreferstoacurrentthatreversesitsdirectionatregularlyrecurringintervalsoftimeandthathasalternatelypositiveandnegativevalues.AlmostallelectricityutilitiesgenerateACelectricitybecauseitcaneasilybetransformedtohigherorlowervoltagesAlternatingcurrentdistributionThesupplyofelectricityfromoneormoremajorreceivingstationstothepointofconsumption.Energyisgenerallysuppliedatavoltagethatcanbedirectlyusedbylargerotatingmachineryandstep-downtransformersareusedtoreducethevoltageformostcommercialorresidentialutilizationAmericanstyleoptionAnoptionwhichcanbeexercisedbythebuyer(holder)atanytimeduringitslifeAmpere(amp)Theunitofmeasurementofelectricalcurrentproducedinacircuitby1voltactingthrougharesistanceof1ohm.ThemeasureoftherateofflowofelectronspastagivenpointinanelectricconductorsuchasapowerlineAncillaryservicesAnyservicerequiredbyasystemoperatortodeliverelectricitytotheultimateconsumer.Ancillaryservicesincludebalancingservices,loadfollowing,orprovidingkilovars(reactivepower).Andrew'sPitchforkThreeparalleltrendlinesaredrawnlinkingamajorloworhighwithapointeithersideofthismarkinganintermediatehighorlow.Thelinesareextendedtogeneratesupport/resistancelevels.Thelineslookabitliketheprongsofapitchfork,hencetheindicator’sname.AnilinepointReportsthearomaticscontentofamixture.AnnexIPartiesThe40industrializedcountriesthatweremembersoftheOECDin1992,pluscountrieswitheconomiesintransition(EITparties),includingtheRussianFederation,theBalticStates,andseveralCentralandEasternEuropeanStates.ThisgroupratifiedtheKyotoProtocolandagreedtotrytolimittheirGHGemissionsrelativetoa1990baseline.AnnexIIPartiesTheOECDmembersofAnnexI,minustheEITparties,whichagreedtopaydeveloping(non-AnnexI)countriesforclimatechangeadaptation.anodeArectangularplateofmetalcastinashapesuitableforrefiningbytheelectrolyticprocess.ANSAlaskaNorthSlopecrudeoil.anthraciteAhard,blackcoalwithhighenergycontent,oftenreferredtoashardcoalAPIUsually:AmericanPetroleumInstitute.ButnotethatthereisanItalianoilcompanycalledAnonymaPetroliItaliana,universallyreferredtoinEuropeasAPI.APIgravityAnarbitraryscaleexpressingthegravityordensityofliquidpetroleumproductsdevisedjointlybytheAmericanPetroleumInstituteandtheNationalBureauofStandards.ThemeasuringscaleiscalibratedintermsofdegreesAPI.OilwiththeleastspecificgravityhasthehighestAPIgravity.TheformulafordeterminingAPIGravityis:APIgravity=(141.5/specificgravityat60degreesF)–131.5.APTAmmoniumparatungstate.Intermediateproductderivedfromtungstenconcentrates.ARAAmsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp.Abbreviationcommonlyusedinshippingtodesignatedischargeorloadingatoneofthesethreeports.ArabGulfThisphraseanditsabbreviationAGarecurrentinsomesectorsoftheoilindustry,especiallythetankerworld,asadesignatorforthePersianGulf,whichisthecorrectnameininternationallawforthebodyofwaterborderedbytheUAE,SaudiArabia,Qatar,Kuwait,IraqandIran.NotethatthereisaGulfofArabiawhichisnotthesamepieceofseaasthePersianGulf.AramcoTechnicallyreferstoanow-defunctUS-Saudicompany.Butinpracticewidelyusedtodesignatethecompany’smodern-daydescendantSaudiAramco.arbitrageThesimultaneouspurchaseofacommodity/derivativeinonemarketandthesaleofthesame,orsimilar,commodity/derivativeinanothermarketinordertoexploitpricedifferentialsaromaticsGroupofpetrochemicalscharacterizedbyaringstructure,producedinrefineryreformersandpetrochemicalplants.Themostcommonlytradedaromaticsarebenzene,tolueneandxylenes.Usedforchemicalproductionorashigh-octanecomponentsforgasolineblending.asphOccasionalabbreviationforasphaltene.asphalt1.Amixtureofbitumenandmineralaggregateaspreparedfortheconstructionofroadsorinotherpavinguses.2.IntheUS,asphaltreferstotheproductknownasbitumenintherestoftheworld.assayAchemicaltestperformedonasampleoforesormineralstodeterminetheamountofvaluablemetalscontained.assessmentAPlattsassessmentistheproductofamarketsurveyandtheapplicationofstrictmethodologicalrulestodeterminetherepeatabletradablepricerangeforacommodityduringtheassessedperiod.Assessmenttypicallyaimstozeroinonthesetypicaltransactablelevelsbydiscardingunrepresentativemarketinformation(out-of-marketbids,offersandtransactions),andtheprocessdiffersinthisrespectfromindexation,whichisaninclusiveprocess,averagingallavailablemarketinformation.Plattsproducesindexesinhighlyliquidmarkets,forexampleNorthAmericannaturalgas;andassessmentsinilliquidmarkets,suchasthoseforphysicaloil.Plattsassessmentstypicallyarepublishedasalow-highrangeforeachinstrument.SeePlattsGuidetoSpecificationsandalsoFrequentlyAskedQuestionsfordetailsofPlattsmethodologies.associatedgasAlsoknownaswetgas.naturalgasproducedinassociationwithcrudeoil.Non-associatedgas,ordrygas,isnaturalgasoccurringonitsown.Also,LPGisproducedasanassociatedgasandmustbetreated("dried")beforebeingused.at-the-moneyAnoptionwhoseexercisepriceisequal,orcloseto,thecurrentpriceintheunderlyingmarketAUDAustraliandollar.availabilityfactorInanuclearpowerplant,thedisposableenergywhichcouldhavebeengeneratedduringaperiod,expressedasapercentageoftheenergywhichcouldhavebeenproducedbyacontinuouspowerrateduringthesameperiod–essentiallyrelatestothetimeareactorspendsofflineowingtoplannedoutagesorunplannedstoppages..availablebutnotneededcapacityNetcapabilityofmaingeneratingunitsthatareoperable,butnotconsiderednecessarytocarryloadandcannotbeconnectedtoloadwithin30minutesavailsJargon,shortforavailabilities,andactuallymeaningsupplies.averagecostpricingApricingmechanismbasedondividingthetotalcostofprovidingelectricityincurredinaperiodbythenumberMWh(wholesale)andkWh(retail)soldinthesameperiodavgasHighoctaneaviationgasolineusedinpistontypeaircraftengines.avoidedcostThecosttoproduceorprocureelectricpowerthatanelectricityutilitydoesnotincurbecauseitpurchasesthisincrementofpowerfromaqualifyingfacility.Itmayincludeacapacitypaymentand/oranenergypaymentcomponentB/LSeeBillofLading.BackwardationAmarketwherethepricefornearbydeliveryishigherthanforfurtherforwardmonths.Theoppositeofbackwardationiscontango.BalancingTherequirementimposedbyelectricitygridsornaturalgaspipelinesthatsupplyanddemandbeequaloveracertaintimeperiodBargeAvesselcarryingoil,usuallyonrivers,containingbetween8,000and50,000bbl,orweighing1,000to10,000tonnes.IntheUS,bargescanbeupto,andoccasionallyover,100,000bblincapacity.Seetankersfordiscussionofothervesselsizes.BarrelAvolumetricunitofmeasureforcrudeoilandpetroleumproducts.1barrelis42USgallons,35imperialgallonsor159liters.Thereareroughly7.33bblofcrudeoiltoatonne,butthepreciseconversionobviouslydependsonthespecificgravityoftheoil.BasegasSeecushiongas.BaseloadTheminimumamountofelectricpowerdeliveredorrequiredoveragivenperiodoftimeatasteadyrate.TheminimumcontinuousloadordemandinapowersystemoveragivenperiodoftimeBaseloadcapacityThegenerationunitsnormallyusedtomeetdemandaround-the-clock.BaseloadplantAplantnormallyoperatedtotakeallorpartoftheminimumcontinuousloadofasystem,andwhichconsequentlyproduceselectricityatanessentiallyconstantrate.Abaseloadplanttypicallyhasrelativelyhighfixedcostsandlowunitoperatingcosts.Traditionally,nuclearplantshavebeenconsideredasbaseloadplants.BasemetalAnynon-precious,non-minormetal(egcopper,lead,zinc,nickel,etc)BBQAcompositeofBonny,BrassRiverandQuaIbocrudesfromNigeria.BcfBillioncubicfeet.Seenaturalgas.BearishBelievingthatapricewillfall.Alsodescribesamarketwhichshowssignsoffalling.BenzeneBenzeneisanaromatichydrocarbon.Itisanaturalconstituentofcrudeoilandisoneofthemostfundamentalpetrochemicals.BidAproposaltobuyacommodity/derivativeataspecifiedprice.BidpriceThepriceatwhichabuyerispreparedtobuy.BillofladingDocumentationlegallydemonstratingacargohasbeenloaded.Thebillofladingissignedbythecaptainoftheshipandthecontractsupplier.AbbreviatedasB/L.Bio-leachingAprocessforrecoveringmetalsfromlow-gradeoresbydissolvingtheminsolution,thedissolutionbeingaidedbybacterialaction.BiomassconversionTheprocessbywhichorganicmaterials,suchaswoodwasteorgarbage,areburnedfordirectenergyorelectricalgeneration,orbywhichthesematerialsareconvertedtosyntheticnaturalgasBituminouscoalThemostcommoncoal,whichisdense,blackandhasamoisturecontentoflessthan20%.Usedforgeneratingelectricity,makingcoke,andspaceheatingBlackstartArapidstartupofanoff-linegenerationsourceBlackoutTheemergencylossofthesourceofelectricityservinganareacausedbyfailureofthegeneration,transmission,ordistributionsystemBlendstockAcomponentcombinedwithothermaterialstoproduceafinishedrefinedproduct.BlistercopperTheproductoftheBessemerconverterfurnaceusedincoppersmelting.Itisacrudeformofacopper,assayingabout99%copper,andrequiresfurtherrefiningbeforebeingusedforindustrialpurposes.BlowmoldingAprocessbywhichpolymersare"blown"intoatubularmold.Alsoreferstoaspecificgradeofpolyethylene,sometimesabbreviatedasbmldg.BollingerbandsAsystembasedonthepremisethatpricesreverttotheirmean.Thestandarddeviationofthemovesawayfromthemeanareusedtoformtwobandsaroundtheprice.Wheneverthepricebreaksbeloworabovetheband,itisdeemedtooextremeamoveandthereforeliabletocorrectbackfromthestandarddeviationtowardsthemeanoftheprice.BPABonnevillePowerAuthority.ElectricityutilityintheUSPacificNorthwest,supplyingpowertoseveralaluminumsmelters.Acceptableassecond-referenceabbreviation.BreakoutAsuddenbreakoutofpricesfromachartpatternthathasbeenformingforsometime.Itmarkstheendofaperiodofuncertainty.Thebreakoutpointcanoftenbeusedtoguesshowfarpriceswillgointhatdirection.BrentblendThemostcommonlytradedNorthSeacrudeoil.BrenthasanAPIofabout37.5.TheblendistechnicallyamixofcrudefromtheShellUK-operatedBrentfieldandtheBP-operatedNinianfield.Theblendis,however,commonlyreferredtosimplyasBrent.Britishthermalunit(btu)Britishthermalunit.Thequantityofheatrequiredtoraiseonepoundofwater(aboutonepint)onedegreeFahrenheitatornearitspointofmaximumdensity.Acommonunitofmeasurementforgasprices.1034Btus=1cubicfoot.AnMMBtu(-milBtus)isroughlyequivalenttoanMcf(athousandcubicfeet).Seealsotherm,dekatherm,naturalgas.BrownoutThepartialreductionofelectricalvoltagescausedbycustomerdemandbeinghigherthananticipatedorbythefailureofthegeneration,transmission,ordistributionsystem.BS&WBottomsedimentandwater,usuallyexpressedasapercentagebyweight.Tankerexpression,acceptableonsecondreference.BtuBritishthermalunit.Thequantityofheatrequiredtoraiseonepoundofwater(aboutonepint)onedegreeFahrenheitatornearitspointofmaximumdensity.Acommonunitofmeasurementforgasprices.1034Btus=1cubicfoot.AnMMBtu(-milBtus)isroughlyequivalenttoanMcf(athousandcubicfeet).Seealsotherm,dekatherm,naturalgas.BTXBenzene,tolueneandxylene.BTXextractionTheprocessforremovingbenzene,tolueneandxylenefromreformateorpyrolysisgasoline.BullishBelievingthatapriceisgoingtorise.BunkerCAresidualfuelusedasship'sfuel,whichusuallyhasahighsulfurcontentandhighviscosity.Burner-tipThepointatwhichnaturalgasisusedasafuel.BurnupMeasureofthetotalenergyreleasedbynuclearfuelperunitofitsmass,typicallymeasuredingigawattdays/mtorgigawattdays/mtofheavymetal.BusbarThepointatwhichpowerisavailablefortransmission.Aconductororgroupofconductorsthatserveasacommonconnectionfortwoormorecircuits,generallyintheformofinsulatedcable,rigidrectangularorroundbars,orstrandedoverheadcablesheldundertensionBusbarcostThecostofproducingonekWhofelectricitydeliveredto,butnotthrough,thetransmissionsystem(typicallyUS)ButadieneAderivativeofcrudeC4s.ButadieneisextractedfromtheCC4stream.C+FCostandFreight.Apricingbasisinwhichthebuyerpaysthecostofthecargoandthefreightcosts.SeealsoCIF,FOBandout-turn.C4sCarbon4s.DesignatestheC4streamproducedbyanethyleneplant.CrudeC4sareeitherco-crackedorsenttoabutadieneextractionplantorMTBEplant.CalloptionAnoptionthatgivesthebuyer(holder)therightbutnottheobligationtobuyaspecifiedquantityofanunderlyingfuturesatafixedprice,onorbeforeas