2000年入學考試英語試SectionIStructureandPartABeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(5points)IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes [A][B][C][D]Thesentenceshouldread,“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[D]Sample[A][B][C]AsI’llbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate younowandthenlingmehoweveryoneisgettingalong.totobehavingGreatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthe tofinditDoctorsseeaconnectionbetweenincreaseamountsofleisuretimespent andtheincreasednumberofcasesofskincancer.totohavehavingUnlessyousignacontractwiththeinsurancecompanyforyourgoods,youarenotentitledarepaymentforthegoodsdamagedinOnarainydayIwasdrivingnorththroughVermont IayoungmanholdingupasignreadingChristiestaredangrilyatherbossandturnedaway,as outofthetowouldTherolesexpected oldpeopleinsuchasettinggivetoofewpsychologicalsatisfactionsfornormalhappiness. you’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.Itwasn’tsomuchthatIdislikedher thatIjustwasn’tinterestedinthewholeCountlessdivorcedpoliticianswouldhavebeenelectedoutofofficeyearsagohadtheyeventhoughtofadivorce,letalone toPartBEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(5points)Anumberof[A]foreignvisitorsweretaken[B]totheindustrialexhibition,which[C]theysaw[D]manynewproducts.Answer[C]iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibition,wheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C].Sample[A][B][■]HavingA

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rsonmoreliableDPartC[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(10points)ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound inthewoodsoffthe[A][B][C][D]Thesentenceshouldread,“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchooseSample[A][B]Hespokeso thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisFrance’s triggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassThe215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslast anoutburstof camecamecamecameThesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkand itinaprofitableThecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanbe themanager’sWhenI mysenses,Ifoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroom,withGrandmabendin erme.woketookpickedcameTheAmericansocietyisanexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.establishedaffiliatedoriginatedincorporatedIamnot withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.At,theofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossible,but,withpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.Whenthecommittee todetails,theproposedplangotsetwentcame partsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.Mr.Smithhadanunusual :hewasanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.Themayorisawomanwithgreat politicalandfinancialsupport.TheEnglishweatherdefiesforecastandhenceisasourceof toThefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffsitalmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungToimpressafutureemployer,oneshoulddressneatly,be anddisplayinterestinthejob.Youdon’thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it’s Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdelivery tothetrafficjamofthebusySectioClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithncil.(10points)Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargetygrain大41家consumingallhisgrainimmediay.Hecancontinuesupporthimselfandhisfamily大42家heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance大43家theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto大44家oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto45家thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation大46家andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe大47家Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor大48家extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow大49家ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot大50家obtainable.otheraswellasinsteadofmorethanonlyifmuchlongeverself-self-Sectio ReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ReadtheThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningtheletterinthebracketswithncil.(40TextAhistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmayeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodafteroftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanfaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextAllofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityfranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheireswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,learnttobemorequick-witted,” RichardexecutivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisitsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialtheunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomyThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980smanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromtheItishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational AlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyin1990scanbeattributedtothe turningofthebusinessrestructuringofimprovedbusinesssuccessinTextBeingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceatofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasButthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthetime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,likeofdeath,haseaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.showswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday--everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring--meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classcomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepass100,000--eventhepass100years--ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatananicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollyhiscomprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifecomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.WhatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtotheAlackofAfierceAlowersurvivalAdefectiveWhatdoestheexampleofWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorNaturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandtheThemiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatoftheisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolving lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicalthenumberoffemalebabieshasbeenourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofthedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheSexRatioChangesinHumanWaysofContinuingMan’sTheEvolutionaryFutureofHumanEvolutionGoingTextWhenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe--evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays;foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatCertainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver--andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?Thispassageismainly asurveyofnewapproachestoareviewofFuturistaboutmeritsoftheFuturistaboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto determineitsignoreitsfollowthenewaccepttheFuturistthatwemust increasetheproductionofusepoetrytorelievemoderndevelopnewmodesofavoidusingadjectivesandTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis basedonreasonablenewandacceptabletoordinaryindicativeofbasicchangeinhumanmoreofatransientphenomenonthanTextAimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavyalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores--ality,ability,courageorhumanity--arecompleyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschool,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“JapanesemoralityofrespectforButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thefortisbeginningtol.Inthepastdecade,Japanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.IntheWesterner’seyes,thepostwarJapanwas underaimlessapositivearivaltotheontheAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesisMoreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirExcessiveemphasishasbeenplacedontheThelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheJapaneseeducationispraisedforheltheyoungclimbthesocialladder.Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.MorestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofDropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact theyoungarelesstolerant fortsinthedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthetheJapaneseenduremorethanevertheJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentTextIfambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition--wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny--mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymusthighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition--ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescd--withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs--thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshis participatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itsunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded itsreturnswellcompensatefortheitisrewardedwithmoney,fameanditsgoalsarespiritualratherthanitissharedbytherichandtheThe tenceoftheparagraphmostprobablyimpliesitis customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionintoolatetochecbitiononceithasbeenletdishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentoftheimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfrom theythinkofitastheirpursuitsarenotfameorambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialtheydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatshouldbemaintained secretlyandopenlyandeasilyandverballyandSectionIVEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)ernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.71)Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.72)directlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthaternmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingsettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmunications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whileernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,74)intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization--withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed--wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasno