Book3UnitSevenTeachingAimsandRequirements:Gelthestudentsfamiliarwithsomeusefulexpressionsaboutlanguageofflowers.Explainsomegrammaticalpointsandusefulexpressionstohelpthestudentscatchidiomaticusageofsomenewwordandenrichtheirvocabulary.Analyzethestructureofthetexttohelpthestudentsimprovetheirreadingcomprehension.Doexercisestocheckwhattheyhavelearntinclass.Teachingprocedure:.Warming-upactivities-!istentoashortpassageandthenanswerthecorrespondingquestions.4.Adiscussionaboutthewesternfestivalsandtheiropinions.Adetailedexplanationofsomewordsandphrases.Paraphrasethecomplicatedsentences,analyzethestructureandintroducetheemployedwritingtechniques.Asummaryofthetest:firstsummaryupalltheusefulexpressionsmentionedinthetext,thenaskstudentstoretellthepassagebyusingtheirownwords..DosomeexercisesTeachingMethodsandTimeArrangement:Thestudents-centeredmethodanddiscussioncenteredmethod;7periodsoftimeSectionAARoseIsaRosePartOne:(Leadin)AtopictobediscussedL.WhatfestivalsintheWesternworldareyoufamiliarwith?Thenintroducethesefestivalsbrieflyonebyone.Theforeignfestivalswearefamiliarwithinclude:ChristmasDay,Valentine'sDay,AprilFools'Day,CarnivalFestival(狂歡節(jié))，Easter(復活節(jié))，ThanksgivingDay,andAllSaintsDay(萬全卩)，ofwhichChristmasisthemostimportantandsimilartotheChineseSpringFestival.2..DoyouknowwhytheChinesestudentsbecomemoreandmoreinterestedintheforeignfestivals?Muchtooursurprise,however,theChinesestudentshavebeenshowingmoreandmoreenthusiasmforsuchfestivalsasValentine'sDay,AprilFools'Day,ThanksgivingDayandChristmasDay,popularintheWest.Theremaybeasmanyreasonsforstudentstogrowfonderoftheseforeignfestivals,but,onthewhole,threemajorfactorsshouldcallforourconcern.First,itisthenatureofyoungpeopletoseekfornoveltyandindividuality,whichouropen-doorpolicyhasmadepossible.Second,celebratingforeignfestivalsisbelievedtobethebestwayofescapingfromreality,inwhichmostofthestudentsarebeingsubjectedtoallkindsofstress.Andaboveeverythingelse,itisadirectproductofmoreandmoreexchangesbetweenourculturesandWesterncultures.AskstudentsiftheyknowtheoriginifValentine'sDay.Valentine'sDay:ValentinewasapriestinRomeatthetimeChristianitywasanewreligion.TheEmperoratthattime,ClaudiusII,orderedtheRomansoldiersnottomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusbelievedthatasmarriedmen,hissoldierswouldwanttostayhomewiththeirfamiliesratherthanfighthiswars.ValentinedefiedtheEmperor'sdecreeandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcouples.Hewaseventuallyarrested,imprisoned,andputtodeath.ValentinewasbeheadedonFebruary14th,theeveoftheRomanholidayLupercalia（牧神節(jié)）.Afterhisdeath,Valentinewasnamedasaint.AsRomebecamemoreChristian,thepriestsmovedthespringholidayfromthe15thofFebruarytothe14th—Valentine'sDay.Askstudentstotalkaboutthemeaningofdifferentflowers,thenshowthemsomebeautifulpictures.PartTwo:listentoashortpassagecarefullyandpreparetoanswersomequestions.WillarosesmellassweetifitisgrowninSouthAmericainsteadofintheUnitedStates?WiththelivingcostsintheU.S.goingupconstantly,thecostsofloveanddevotionhavealsosoared.Therosesellingcompanieshaveturnedoverseastobringinbetter,fresher,andcheaperrosesinordertocutdownthecostofthegiftofrosessotheAmericanbuyerswillnotswitchtoanothertypeofflowerintimesofcelebration.Nowimportedrosesaresoldacrosstheentirecountry,andninetypercentoftheimportedflowerscomefromColombiaandEcuador.Theloweredpriceofrosesisablessingfortheloversbutagreatchallengeforthedomesticrosegrowers.l.Doyouthinkgiftsofdevotionmeanmoretothatspecialsomeoneiftheyaremoreexpensive?Idon'tthinkso.Asfarasmyinsightintotheproblemisconcerned,loveisclothednotsomuchinmoneyasinmind.Asarealstoryproves,themother,onher65thbirthday,receivedtwogifts—anitchscratcherfromherdaughterathomeandaparrotfromhersonabroad.Thescratcher,thoughascheapasoneyuan,remindedherofthecareandaffectionfromherdaughterwheneversheuseditwhereasthebird,thoughasexpensiveas$200intermsofmoneyandcleverenoughtosaysomethinglike“Iloveyou,mum''inEnglish,broughthernothingbutnoiseanytimeitsangorspokeEnglish.Tosumup,itisthetruelovebehindthegiftandnotthegiftitselfthatmattersmosttogiftgiving.Haveyoueversentorreceivedflowersforaspecialoccasion?Howdoyoufeelwhenyoureceiveflowers?Discusstheoccasionsthataretraditionalforsendingflowersingeneralorrosesinpartucular.Ireceivedabunchofbeautifulflowersatmy17thbirthdayparty.IcanstillrememberhowsurprisedandexcitedIwasatthesightoftheflowers.Withacryofjoy,Iforgottojump,holdingthemtightlyinhandsandenjoyingtheirfragrance.Sendingflowers,althoughpopularintheWest,isnotatraditionalChinesecustom.InChinatoday,however,flowersaresenttopeopleillinhospital,ortothehostandhostesswhenonegoestovisitafriendathome.Particularly,redrosesaregiventogirlsbytheirboyfriendsonValentine'sDay,ortowivesbytheirhusbandsontheirweddinganniversaries.Whydorose-sellingcompaniesinAmericaturntoforeignrosegrowers?ThereasonisthatthepriceofrosesinAmericaisveryhigh,whichmaykeepAmericansfrombuyingredrosesinlargenumbers.Asaresult,rose-sellingcompaniesinAmericaturntoforeignrosegrowersforbetter,fresherandcheaperroses.Otherwise,theAmericanbuyersmayswitchtoanothertypeofflowerwhencelebratingtheirspecialdays.PartThree:NewWordsAndPhrasesdistributeMostoftheseareconsumergoodstobedistributedtoshopslocallyandnationwide.Clothesandblanketshavebeendistributedamongtherefugees,discountn.[C]acutting-downintheusualpriceTheshopassistantsaidtheycouldgivemeabigdiscountifIboughtthreeatonce.Hesoldthegoodstoherataspecialdiscount.vt.1.makeadiscountThatstorediscountedallitsunsoldmerchandice.2.regard(astory,pieceofnews,suggestion,etc.)asunimportantorunlikelytobetrueorvaluableExpertshavediscountedthepossibilityofasecondearthquakeinthearea.circulateDon'tstaytalkingtoonepersonallevening—circulateamongyourguests.Theheartcirculatesbloodroundthebody.2.(causeto)spreadwidelyStrangestoriesbegantocirculateinthesmalltownaboutMorison'snewgirlfriend.sprayHeopenedabottleofchampagneanditsprayedallovermydress.Acarwentpastandsprayedmewithwater!Canyoufeelthesprayfromthesea?Weparkedthecarbytheseaanditgotcoveredwithspray.viaItisthoughtthathewaspaidviaaSwissbankaccount.Themessagewasbroadcastallovertheworldviaradio.bloomvi.1.developverygood,attractive,orsuccessfulqualitiesThefriendshipbetweenTomandJackbloomedwhentheyfoundouthowmanyintereststheyshared.Thankstotheeffectivemanagementmethod,thecompany'duceflowers,comeintoflower,orbeinflowerTheseflowerswillbloomallthroughthesummer.TheflowersstillbloomedasbrightlyinearlySeptemberastheyhadinJuly.Theappletreesareinfullbloomatthemoment.Hewasonlynineteenbutthebloomofyouthhadalreadydisappearedfromhisface.Theyoungmoviestarwasinthebloomofyouth.bankruptHewentbankruptafteronlyayearinbusiness.Thecompanywentbankruptbecauseitcouldn'tsellitsproducts.2.lackinginsomegoodqualityThepoliticianbecamebankruptinreputationaftertheexposureofhisforgery.Inthismovie,youcanseesuchasocietythatismorallybankruptandpoliticallyunstable.launchEarlylastyearthecompanyresearchedthepossibilityoflaunchinganewlate-nightshow.Theylaunchedaspecialpartyforthenewbook.2.send(anewship,etc.)intothewaterorsend(arocket,satellite,etc.)intotheskyorspaceAssoonasthealarmwasgiven,thelifeboatwaslaunched.Ournuclearmissilescanbelaunchedatamoment'snotice.Allthepilotcandoistosignalifthelaunchistoofastorabandonthelaunchifitistooslow.TherockethadaminorproblemduringitsfirstlaunchlastOctober.releaseThelatestdevelopmentshavejustbeenreleasedtothepublic.Hewasreleasedfromprisonafterservingtwoyearsofafive-yearsentence.Deathwasamercifulreleaseforhimashehadbeenthroughunbearablesufferingallthistime.Sincehisreleaseayearago,hehasbeenpreventedfromworkingasajournalist.Thebandplayedtheirlatestrelease.offersth.tosb.Theuniversitiesarenowofferingawiderrangeofcoursestostudentsforthemtochoosefrom.Thebookletofferspracticaladvicetopeoplewithhousingproblems,looklikeItlookslikerain；doyouseethatbigdarkcloud?Thepartylookslikebeingasuccessafterall.beleftoverIt'sshamefultoseesomuchfoodleftoverinrestaurants.accountforsupplytheamountthatismentionedSalestoEuropeaccountedfor80%ofourtotalsaleslastyear.Computersaccountfor5%ofthecountry'scommercialelectricityconsumption.explainorgiveareasonforsth.Howcanweaccountforthesechanges?IwasaskedbymybosstoaccountforallthemoneyIhadspent.godownTheworld*stotalsupplyofoilisgoingdownallthetime,asmoreandmoregetsusedup.Theneighborhoodhasgonedownsincethoseroughpeoplemovedin.getabreakKeeptrying.YouYeboundtogetabreaksoonerorlater.onsb.'ssideJusticeisonourside.Whosesideareyouonanyway?TheUSenteredthewaronthesideofEnglandin1941.PartFour:LanguagePointsNothingsayslovelikeadozenlong-stemmedrosesonValentine'sDay.Meaning:Thereisnootherthingthatcandeliverthemessageoflovebetterthanabundleoflong-stemmedrosesonValentine'sDay.Morethanamillionroseswillbesoldduringthisfestivalforlovers,thebiggestdayoftheyearforthenation'sroseindustry.(Para.1)Meaning:MorethanamillionroseswillbesoldduringtheValentine'sDaythisyear.Valentine'sDayisafestivalforpeopleinlove,andalsothebiggestdayoftheyearforthenation'sroseindustry.Yes,aroseisaroseisarose.(Para.2)ThesentenceisquotedfromthefamousAmericanfemalewriterGertrudeStein(1874-1946).Herwritingischaracterizedbyrepetitionwithslightchanges.Thefollowingisonemoreexample:"Pleasebepleasebeget,pleasegetwet,wetnaturally,naturallyinweather."Inthetextthesentenceisquotedtoemphasizetheidea"aroseisarose".Anddiscountroseshopshelpthosehopelesslyinlovesavemoney.(Para.2)Meaning:Androseshopswhichofferpricereductionenablepeoplemadlyinlovetosavemoney.Exceptfortoday,pricesrangefrom$6foradozenshort-stemsto$19foradozenofitslongeststems.(Para.3)Meaning:Exceptforrosesthatwerecuttoday,pricesvaryfrom$6foradozenshort-stemsto$19foradozenofitslongeststems..1nsidethisstore,onSixthAvenuenear40thStreet,contemporarywhitefurnitureandwall-to-wallmirrorsgiveitanexpensivelook.(Para.4)Meaning:RosesOnlyislocatedonSixthAvenuenear40thStreet.Insidethestore,contemporarywhitefurnitureandwall-to-wallmirrorsmakethestorelookexpensive..Customers一somedressedinworkclothes,someinexpensivesuitsandovercoats一circulateamongthecountersandstareatshelfaftershelfofrosesinmorethan50colors.(Para.4)Meaning:Customers一somewearingworkclothes,somedressedinexpensivesuitsandovercoats—moveaboutfreelyamongthecounters,lookingeagerlyattherosesinmorethan50colorsfromshelftoshelf.stareatshelfaftershelfofroses:stareattheshelvesofroses;lookcloselyattherosesfromshelftoshelf.Thecompany'sformulaforsuccessistoholdpricesdownbycontrollingeverylinkintherosechain.(Para.6)Meaning:Thecompany'skeytosuccessistokeeppricesdownbycontrollingeverystepinthewholeprocessoftherosebusiness..Freshrosesaresprayedwithwatertokeepthemmoistandflowntocompanystoresthreetimesaweek.(Para.6)Meaning:Inordertokeepfreshrosesmoist,peoplespraywaterovertherosesandsendthemtocompanystoresbyairthreetimesaweek..RosesOnlycanarrangedeliveryviaovernightmailtoanywhereinthecountry.(Para.6)Meaning:RosesOnlycansendrosestoanywhereinthecountrythroughovernightmail..Importedrosesaresoldacrosstheentirebreadthoftheindustry,frombigflowershopstostreet-comerstands.(Para.7)Meaning:Importedrosesaresoldthroughouttheflowerindustry,frombigflowershopstostreet-cornerstands..ThetrendhashurtdomesticrosegrowerssuchasJohnsonFlowersofCalifornia,consideredtobethiscountry'sleadingproducer."Theroseindustryinthiscountryisgoingdown,"saysMichaelJohnson.nOurprofitmarginhasdroppedsubstantially."(Para.8)Meaning:ThetrendthatimportedrosesbecomemoreandmorepopularhashurthomerosegrowerssuchasJohnsonFlowersofCalifornia,whichisconsideredtobeUSA'sleadingroseproducer."Theroseindustryinthiscountryisdeclining,"saysMichaelJohnson."Wearegaininglessandlessmoney.".Then"overseaspeople"beganunloadingcarnations,hesays,andvirtuallychasedU.S.carnationgrowersoutofbusiness.(Para.10)Meaning:Then"overseaspeople",thatis,theforeigngrowers,begansellingcarnationsinlargenumbersinAmerica,hesays,andpracticallydroveU.S.carnationgrowersoutofbusiness..Wehaveafewbulkdistributioncenters...(Para.11)Meaning:Wehaveafewcentersthatdistributerosesinlargequantities....Wemayalsowidenourbusinesstoincludetheserviceareaandbearepresentativeforoverseasflowerproducers.Asareplacementforlostrosesales,theJohnsonsandothergrowersalsoarestartingtosellothertypesofflowers.(Para.11)Meaning:Wemayalsoexpandourbusinessbyprovidingvariousservicesandbeinganagentforoverseasflowerproducers.Inordertocompensateforlostrosesales,theJohnsonsandothergrowersalsoarestartingtosellothertypesofflowers.(TheJohnsonsandothergrowersalsoarestartingtosellothertypesofflowerssoastomakeupforlostrosesales.).U.S.growersgotabreakthisValentine'sDay;arecentfrostkilled25%ofColombia'srosecrop.(Para.12)Meaning:U.S.growershadsomegoodluckthisValentine'sDay;arecentfrostdestroyed25%ofColombia'srosecrop..Butnextyear,theweathermaynotbeontheirside.It'shardtooperateabusinessonsomeoneelse'sdisaster,"Johnsonsays.(Para.12)Meaning:Butnextyear,theweathermaynotbeintheirfavor."It'shardtorunabusinessbytakingadvantageofsomeoneelse'sdisaster,"Johnsonsays..Allthechangesaremakingsomeintherosebusinesslongforthegoodolddays,whenneighborhoodflowershopsarrangedanddeliveredeveryValentine'sDaybundleofflowers.(Para.Meaning:Allthechangesaremakingsomepeoplewhoareengagedintherosebusinesswanttokeepthegoodolddays,whennearbyflowershopsarrangedanddeliveredeverybundleofflowersonValentine'sDay.e:StructureAnalysis:Theessayfocusesononecentraltheme:therosebusinessmustadapttochangingconditionsinthemarketplaceinordertosucceed.Onecharacteristicwritingtechniquethatrunsthroughoutthereadingpassageisaproblem-solutionpattern.Thewholepassagecanbedividedinto4parts:ThefirstpartisParagraph1.Theparagraphdealswiththegeneralsituationofthepassage.Aslongastheroseremainsthemostpopularflowerasasymboloflove,anychangingconditionsinthenation'sroseindustrymeanmuchtorosegrowers,andtothosewhodistributerosesandthosewhosell.(Phenomenondescription(現象法)—Thoughthepassagedoesnotintendtotalkaboutlove,itbeginswithloveandValentine'sDay(SI).Fromthespecialday,itswitchestothepropertopic:roseandroseindustry(S2),andthentorosesalesaswellasitsgrowers,distributorsandsellers(S3).Thesecondpartofthepassageisacompleteproblem-solutionpattern.Thepartconsistsof5paragraphs,fromParagraph2toParagraph6.Paragraph2presentstheproblem:Sellingrosesisnolongerabeautifulexperiencefortraditionalflowershopsassupermarketsnowofferconvenienceanddiscountroseshopshelpthosehopelesslyinlovesavemoney.Paragraph3isaboutoneexampleofrosesellingcompaniesdealingwiththeproblem:RosesOnly—acompanythatwastransformedfromatraditionalshopandhasitsheadquartersinNewYork.Ithas3storesinNewYork,IinCanadaand5inSpain,andplanstoexpandtothreemoreU.S.citiesthisyear.Paragraph4presentsthefirstsolutiontotherosesellingproblem:RosesOnlytriestoattractcustomerswithbeautifully-decoratedarrangementsandmakethemfeeltheycanbuyrosescheapthere.Paragraph5presentsthesecondsolutiontotherosesellingproblem:RosesOnlytriestoencouragecustomerstobuyindozensinsteadofinones,twosandthreesbycuttingdowntheprice.Paragraph6isaboutthethirdsolution:RosesOnlytriestoholdpricesdownbycontrollingeverylinkintherosechain.Itgrowsitsownrosesandprovidesfreshrosesviaovernightdeliverytoanywhereinthecountry.Problem-solution（解題法）Thethirdpartofthepassageisanothercompleteproblem-solutionpattern.Thepartismadeupof6paragraphs,fromParagraph*7toparagraph12.Paragraph7presentstheproblemforrosegrowers:Becauseofsevereforeigncompetition,U.S.rosegrowersaregoingbankrupt.Today,morethan57%ofrosessoldintheUSAaregrowninothercountries.Paragraphs8,9and10areaboutoneexampleofrosegrowersdealingwiththeproblem:JohnsonFlowers,whichcomplainsthattheprofitmarginhasdroppedsubstantially.MichaelJohnsonwithhisfamilymembershasbeenworkingintheflowergrowingbusinessformanyyears.Theyhaverichexperience:theyevenhadthebitterexperienceofbeingdrivenoutofthebusinessofgrowingcarnationsbecauseofoverseascarnationgrowers.Paragraphs11and12areaboutthesolutionsthatJohnsonFlowershaveadoptedinordertosucceed.Thesolutionsincludeworkingwithforeignflowergrowersinsteadoffightingthem,havingafewdistributioncenterstosellimportedroses,wideningtheirbusinessareaandbeingarepresentativeforoverseasflowerproducers.Besides,theyalsostarttosellothertypesofflowers.Theytookadvantageofarecentfrostthatkilled25%ofColombia'srosecrop.Buttheyfeelit'shardtooperateabusinessonsomeoneelse'sdisaster.Thefourthpartismadeupoftwoparagraphs,Paragraph13andParagraph14.Thetwoparagraphspresenttheconclusiontothereadingpassage.Whenpeopleintherosebusinessaretryingtoadapttochangingconditionsinthemarketplaceinordertosucceed,theylongforthegoodolddaysofsteadyprofitsforthem.Andthecustomerstodaywonderabouttherosepricemorethanbefore.Directspeech（直接引語法）Withadirectspeech,theauthorsupportshisidea.Theauthor'sidea:Someintherosebusinesslongforthegoodolddays.（Thesecondpartandthethirdpartarerunningparalleltoeachotherasbothofthemarestructuredinaproblem-solutionpattern.Bothofthemstartwithaproblem,thenoneexampleofdealingwiththeproblemfollowedbytheirsolutions.）:AsummaryofthepassageTheValentine'sDayisabigdaynotonlyforthelovers,butalsofortherosegrowers.Roseremainsthemostpopularflowerbecauselovenevergoesoutofstyle.TothetraditionalflowershopsintheU.S.,however,becauseoftheappearanceofdiscountroseshops,sellingrosesisnolongerabeautifulexperience.Thediscountroseshopscreatethedesireforrosesbyattractivestoredisplays.Asthecustomerscirculateamongthecounters,theystareatthesebeautifularrangementsinamazement.What'smore,theyofferthecustomershigh-qualityroseswithlowprices,whichmakesthecustomerslookasiftheymadeagoodbargain.EvenonValentine'sDay,whenthepricesofrosesanddeliveryaresoaringhigh,suchshopsalsomanagetoholdtheirpricesdown.Someusefulexpressionsinthepassage.togooutofstyle 2.tobenolongerabeautifulexperienceforsb..toofferconveniencetothebusy 4.tobeagoodexampleof.toanswerthechallenge 6.torangefrom...to....tospendafortune 8.tolooklike.tobuyrosesinones 10.tobeleftover1l.sb.'sformulaforsuccess 12.toholdpricesdown13.tocontroleverylinkintherosechain14.todeclinefrom...to....toaccountfor 16.togodown.tolaunchthecompany 18.tochasesb.outofbusiness.tocrushsomedomesticgrowers20.tofightoverseasrivals21.towidenourbusiness 22.togetabreak23.tobeonsb'sside24.tooperateabusinessonsomeoneelse'sdisaster25.tolongforsth.PassageBTheChunnelPartOne:BackgroundInformation1.ChannelTunnelTheChannelTunnel,oneofEurope'sbiggestinfrastructureprojectstodate.The$15billionChannelTunnelmakestheolddreamofagroundlinkbetweenGreatBritainandcontinentalEuropearealityforthefirsttimesincetheIceAges.Thetunnelconsistsof3interconnectedtubes:1railtrackeachwayplus1servicetunnel.Itslengthis31miles,ofwhich23milesareunderwater.Itsaveragedepthis150feetundertheseabed.ThechannelcrossingtimeforEurostar(atrain)isonly20minutes.95milesoftunnelsweredugbynearly13,000engineers,techniciansandworkers.ThevolumeofrubbleremovedfromthetunnelisthreetimesgreaterthanthatoftheCheopsPyramidinEgypt.Themuchpooh-pooheddelaysinthe1994openingoftheChannelTunnel,betterknownasthe“Chunnel”,certainlypalewhenoneconsidersthattheRomansmusedovertheidea,thatin1802NapoleonapprovedaChannelTunnelproject(designedforstagecoachesandtobeventilatedby“chimneys"risingabovethewater'ssurface),andthattheBritishmadeanabortivestabatitin1880.Groundwasbrokenagainontheprojectin1987.Some$15billionandsevenyearslater,thefinishedproductofover15,000workersran50kilometers(31miles)fromFolkestone,England,toCalais,France,37ofthosekilometersthroughchalkmarl,theroofjust2545metersbelowtheseabed.It'sonlythesecondlongestrailtunnelintheworld,however,thelongestbeingthatunderJapan'sStraitofTsugaru.2..FrancoisMitterrandFrancoisMitterrandwasFrenchpresidentfrom1981to1995.Heisthefifthchildofastationmaster,andwasbominJarnac,France,on26thOctober,1916.AsanintelligentstudentMitterrandstudiedlawandpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofParis.OntheoutbreakoftheSecondWorldWarMitterrandjoinedtheFrenchArmybutin1940hewaswoundedduringGermany'sWesternOffensive.AfterbeingcapturedhewastakentoGermany,butmanagedtoescapeinDecember1941.In1971MitterrandbecametheleaderoftheSocialistParty.OverthenextfewyearsheembarkedonastrategyofelectoralunionwiththeCommunistParty.Thisprovedhighlysuccessfulandby1978itbecamethesinglemostpopularpartyinFranceandin1981Mitterrandwaselectedpresident.Mitterrandwasre-electedpresidentin1988andsecuredanotherseven-yearterm.In1992theSocialistPartysufferedacrushingdefeatwiththeright-wingpartieswinning484seatstotheleft's92.ThreeyearslaterMitterrandlostthepresidentialelection.FrancoisMitterranddiedinParison8thJanuary,1996.:StructureAnalysisThispassagemainlyintroducesthegreatChunnel,whichconnectstheGreatBritainwiththeEuropeancontinent,andwillstrengthenthecommunicationbetweenBritainandFrance.However,agreatnumberofdifferencesbetweenthemcausepeopletochallengethesignificanceofitsconstruction.Inaddition,aseriesofproblemswillbetakenintoaccount,suchastheimpactonairlinesandthesecurityoftheChunnel.Paras.1-3TheChunnelwillbeputintouseinthenearfuture.Paras.4SomeproblemscausethedelayedconstructionoftheChunnel.Paras.5-7ThepeopleinbothBritainandFrancequestiontheworthoftheChunnel.Paras8-10ThedifferenttrainsystemswillslowdownthespeedoftrainsParas.11-14ThankstotheChunnel,Passageswillsavetime,whiletheairlineswillloseprofit.Paras15-18ThesecurityproblemsoftheChunnelshouldbetakenintocarefulaccount.ee:NewWordsAndPhrasesexcludeIdon'tthinkwecanexcludethepossibilitythathemayhavebeenmurdered.Thegirlsexcludedtheboyfromtheirconversation.Womenareoftenexcludedfrompositionsofauthority.Theyexcludedherfromthemeeting.conquerTheSpanishconqueredtheNewWorldinthesixteenthcentury.Theyconqueredthesouthernpartofthekingdomwithease.Therehasbeenaninternationalefforttoconquercancer.Aftermanyattemptstoclimbit,themountainwasfinallyconqueredin1985.MikeSmith,afamousviolinist,presentedbeautifulmusicattheconcertandconqueredalltheaudience.conquestThestatementlaidbareitsambitionforworldconquest.Herbeautywonhermanyconquests.dragThenativeshavetodragthewoodfortheirhutsthroughtheforest,astheydonothavethewheel.ThesailwasdraggingthroughthewaterShehadtobedraggedintoseeingthedentist.Don'tdragmeintoyourargument!It'snothingtodowithme.Thespeechesdraggedonforhours.Somecourtcasescandragonforyears.approximateThetrain'sapproximatetimeofarrivalis10:30.Theapproximatenumberofchildrenintheschoolis300.Couldyouapproximatethecost?Thedesignapproximatesperfection.Thecostoftheprojectwillapproximate$10,000.Thenewspaperreportsofthediscussiononlyroughlyapproximatedtowhatwasactuallysaid.spurManyshopscutpricesjustbeforeChristmasinanattempttospursales.Hewasconstantlyspurredonbyafearoffailure.Ambitionisanexcellentspurfortheyoung.Themanagersaidthattheteam'swinonSaturdaywouldbeaspurtoevengreatereffortthisseason.equivalentWhat'stheequivalentoffiftypoundsindollars?Thatdresscosttheequivalentofaweek'ssalary.Changinghisjobwasroughlyequivalenttofiringhim.She'sdoingtheequivalentjobinthenewcompanybutformoremoney,reckonIdon'treckonmuchoftheirchancesofwinning.Hewasreckonedbyeveryonetobeanhonestman.Reckonhowmuchyouhavespent.Hereckonedthatwewereonlyafew