單項填空解題技巧——之“簡化還原法”石阡中學(xué)楊琴第1頁單項填空是高考英語試題基本題型，用來考查詞法、習(xí)慣使用方法、交際使用方法、詞語辨析等各項內(nèi)容。在做單項填空題時，除應(yīng)含有扎實語言基礎(chǔ)知識外，掌握一些解題方法也是很有必要。比如，我們慣用解題方法有：第2頁1、題眼法：“題眼”是指題干中關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵符號，它含有提醒信息作用。一旦抓住了它，就能掌握選擇依據(jù)。2、歸類法：依據(jù)句意，把選項分組歸類，縮小范圍，提升做題速度和準(zhǔn)確性。第3頁

3、排除法：排除提干中冗余信息

(插入語，定語從句，伴隨狀語等)和排除選項中錯誤選項。

e.g:Thedayswelookedforwardto____atlast.

A.comesB.tocome

C.cameD.coming

4、推理法：依據(jù)前后文，進行邏輯推理，在四個選項都可填入情況下，要認真閱讀全句，仔細體會其語境，依據(jù)前后文，進行判斷。第4頁PRESETATION一、將疑問句、感嘆句等還原成陳說句二、將倒裝句語序還原成正常語序三、將省略句還原成完整句子四、將強調(diào)句式化成普通句式五、將被動語態(tài)還原成主動語態(tài)六、將并列句、復(fù)合句及含修飾成份句子簡化成簡單句。第5頁一、將疑問句、感嘆句等還原成陳說句1、—

whenhasthecountrybeenopentointernationaltrade?—1978，Isuppose.A.SinceB.InC.FromD.After點撥：選A結(jié)合答語，疑問句還原成：Thecountryhasbeenopentointernationaltradesince1978.Since引導(dǎo)時間狀語與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。第6頁2、—Robertisindeedawiseman.

—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted

Dhisadvice!

A.totakeB.taking

C.nottotakeD.nottaking

點撥：選D。感嘆句還原成：Ihaveoftenregrettednottakinghisadvice.regret接動詞-ing形式作賓語，表示對過去所做事感到后悔。第7頁3、Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehadDhomeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking點撥：賓語從句還原成陳說句應(yīng)該是：Wehaddifficultywalkinghomeinthesnowstorm.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難。

第8頁1、BthatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness點撥：選B。該句正常語序是:HerbusinesswassosuccessfulthatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere。在so…that…句型中，當(dāng)“so+adj./adv.”位于句首時，主句需部分倒裝。

二、將倒裝句語序還原成正常語序第9頁2、IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldomAso

lonelyasnow.A.haveIfeltB.IhadfeltC.IhavefeltD.HadIfelt點撥：選A。還原成正常語序，后一分句應(yīng)該是：Ihaveseldomfeltsolonelyasnow.seldom是含有否定意義副詞，用于句首時，句子部分倒裝。第10頁三、將省略句還原成完整句子1、TheflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunlessAeveryday.A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater點撥：選A。還原句子應(yīng)該是：Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunlesstheflowersarewateredeveryday.當(dāng)狀語從句主語與主句主語一致時，從句主語和be動詞能夠省略。第11頁2、Weallknowthat，

，thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith點撥：選B。ifnotcarefullydealtwith是ifthesituationisnotcarefullydealtwith省略形式。第12頁3、Hehasmadealotoffilms，butCgoodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many點撥：選C。后一分句完整形是：buthehasmadefewgoodones.在由并列連詞andbut，or等連接并列句中，后邊分句能夠省略與前邊分句中相同成份，以免重復(fù)。第13頁四、將強調(diào)句式化成普通句式1、Idon’tmindhercriticizingme，but

ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which點撥：選A。but后邊分句是強調(diào)句型，能夠簡化成butIobjecttohowshedoesit.由此能夠看出被強調(diào)是how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。第14頁2、—I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.—Well,maybeDisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it點撥：選D。強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)由not…but…連接兩個并列主語從句。經(jīng)過簡化，去掉itis/was，就成了普通句式：Nothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadcounts.第15頁3、ItwasintheNewZealandAElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when點撥：選A。將這個強調(diào)句簡化成普通句式為ElizabethfirstmetMr.SmithintheNewZealand.第16頁1、Whenyougetthepaperbake，payspecialattentiontowhatB.A.havemarkedB.havebeenmarkedC.hadmarkedD.hadbeenmarked點撥：選B。還原成主動能夠清楚地看出“批閱（mark）”執(zhí)行者是“老師”，而what是mark承受者，二者之間為動賓關(guān)系或被動關(guān)系。第17頁2、ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture，butwhenandwhereAyet.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedD.aren’tdecided點撥：選A。but之后分句還原成主動語態(tài)應(yīng)該是：theyhaven’tdecidedwhenandwhereprofessorJameswillgiveusthelecture.第18頁六、將并列句、復(fù)合句及含修飾成份句子

簡化成簡單句。1、ThevillagehasdevelopedalotDwelearnedfarmingtowyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where點撥：選D。這是一個含定語從句復(fù)合句，可簡化成兩個簡單句:Thevillagehaddevelopedalot./Welearnedfarminginthevillagetowyearsago.由此看出空格處應(yīng)填關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾thevillage。第19頁2、Thefacthasworriedmanyscientist

theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.though點撥：選C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺乏引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句修飾thefact。第20頁3、Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeksAsosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen點撥：選A。將thetimeofdaysandweeksissosmall中修飾成份排除就是thetimeissmall。thetime是主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。第21頁PRACTICE1.OnlyaftermycousinfailedintheNMET

thatheshouldhavemadebetteruseofhissparetime.A.didherealizeB.didn’therealizeC.herealizeD.hedidn’trealize2.Theboyweconsidered

wascaughtcheatingintheexam.A.beinghonestB.tobehonestC.washonestD.thatishonest第22頁3.Whenreceivedbyhisfavoritestarthathecouldn’tspeakaword.A.SoexcitedtheboywasB.SoexcitedwastheboyC.SotheboywasexcitedD.Sowastheboyexcited4.—Whichdresswillyoutake?—Why，

!Oneisabittootightandthecoloroftheotherisn’ttomytaste.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.neither第23頁5.Isitinthefactory

wewillpayavisittonextweek

thiskindofcarismade?A.不填；thatB.where；thatC.where；whereD.that；where6.Hecametorealize

aterriblemistakehehadmade.A.howB.whatC.thatD.whether7.Onceheunderstands

importanteducationistohischildren，hewillsurelysendthemtoschool.A.whatB.howC.suchD.so第24頁8.Don’tyouthink

rude

youtotalktoyourteacherlikethat?A.that；forB.that；ofC.it；forD.it；of9.Thestudentare

tohandintheircompositionsbyFriday.A.expectedB.hopedC.agreedD.demanded10.—Iwaswonderingifwecouldgohikingthisweekend.—

likeagoodidea.A.SoundB.SoundedC.SoundingD.Sounds第25頁11.TheEnglishplay

mysonplayedale