MaryShelleyMaryShelleyPortraitofMaryShelleyMaryShelley,theauthorofthelegendaryFrankenstein,wasnocommonplacenineteen-year-oldteenager.Inamatterofway,shewasaliterarynoviceinherownrespect,rightfromchildhood.Beingthedaughtertothethinker,novelistandpublisherWilliamGodwinandfeministMaryWollstonecraft,shebaskedamongstliteraryeliterightfromherearlydays.PortraitofMaryShelleyMaryWhilstgirlsofherageattendedtoballfrocksandhair-do’sshewasmoreoccupiedwithcontemporaryGothicnovels;ParadiseLostbyMilton,ParadiseRegained,Areopagetica,LycidasandComus.Ontheotherend,Shellydigestedtheworksofherpoet-husbandPryceShelley,Byron,Wordsworth,andColeridgeandwhilewritingdownthenotoriousFrankenstein,shewasgoingthroughGulliver’sTravelsbySwift.Tosomedegree,Frankensteinwasmoreofagirl’swonderthatowedtochildhoodfeastsondarkandpeculiarfantasies.WhilstgirlsofherageaHowwasFrankensteinBorn

OneDarkStormyNightHowwasFrankensteinBornOneDItstartedonestormynightattheresidenceofLordByronwhereagroupofcontemporaryliteratiwereassembled.MaryShellywasalsovisiting,accompaniedbyherfuturehusbandPercyShelley.Topassthestormydaysandnights,theydecidedtheywouldhaveacompetitiontoseewhocouldwritethebesthorrorstory.Itwasonesuchnight,MaryShellysawhermonster’sfirstsilhouetteindream.Shelleydreamtaboutascientistwhocreatedlifeandwashorrifiedbywhatshehadmade.ThenFrankensteinwaswritten.PS:

EllenMoerswasoneofthefirsttoclaimthatShelley'slossofababywasacrucialinfluenceonthewritingof

Frankenstein.HowwasFrankensteinBornItstartedonestormynighTheinfluenceofherparentsMaryShelley(1797-1851)wasdestinedtobecomeoneofthemostprominentfiguresinEnglishliterature.Bothherparentswererevolutionariesandwriters:HerfatherWilliamGodwin(1756-1836)wasanEnglishjournalistandnovelistandoneofthemajorproponentsofanarchistphilosophy.Mary'smotherMaryWollstonecraft(1759-1797),oneoftheearliestfeminists,wasequallyradical.InherbookAVindicationoftheRightsofWomenWollstonecaftarguesthattheinferiorroleofwomeninsocietywasnotnatural,butratheraconsequenceofmiseducation.Shecalledforequalityofwomenandmen,thewomen'srighttoworkandpropereducationforgirls.AlthoughshediedtendaysaftergivingbirthtoherdaughterMary,herworkscontinuedtoinfluenceMaryShelley.Marygrewupsurroundedbyintellectualmindsandshewaseducatedandtutoredbyherfather,whomarriedhissecondwifeMaryJaneClairmontin1801.

TheinfluenceofherparentsMarySPercyShelley,apoetandradicalfree-thinker,fellinlovewithMary,despitebeingstillmarriedtohisfirstwifeHarriet.MaryandPercybothsharedaloveforliteratureandtheyusedtodiscussliteraryclassicsandphilosophy.

TheinfluenceofherhusbandPercyShelley,apoetand

ThestoryispartiallybasedonGiovanniAldini's

electricalexperimentsondeadand(sometimes)livinganimalsandwasalsoawarningagainsttheexpansionofmodernhumansintheIndustrialRevolution,alludedtoinitssubtitle,TheModernPrometheus.Ithashadaconsiderableinfluenceacrossliteratureandpopularcultureandspawnedacompletegenreofhorrorstoriesandfilms.SocialBackgroundThestoryispartiaLatentreasonsbehindMaryShelley’saccountofFrankensteinincludedthedeathofherfirstchild,Willy,whomshehadthoughtsabout,restoringtolife.Additionally,herswasaneraofscientificexplorationandbiologicalexperimentation.Galvanismwasregardedasawaytocalluponlifeincorpsesthroughelectrification,leadingtomythicalqualities.Also,therehadbeensuccessivedeathsinherfamilyshapingherinfantbraintoseethetraumaticsideoflifeandescapism.Thedream,intheaftermathofLordByron’schallengecoupledwithMaryShelley’scontemporaryanddomesticsituationleadhertowritethestoryofFrankenstein’monster,acreaturecursedbyhisownplight.LatentreasonsbehindMTheRevelationGuilt&AnxietiesFeministTheworryforscienceandtechnologyTheromanticpromethean

LackingfaithinGodwin'stheoryTheRevelationGuilt&AnxietieTosomedegree,thebookshowsShelley'sguiltforcausinghermother'sdeathaswellasforfailingasaparent.ShelleyscholarAnneK.Mellorsuggeststhat,fromafeministviewpoint,itisastory"aboutwhathappenswhenamantriestohaveababywithoutawoman...[Frankenstein]isprofoundlyconcernedwithnaturalasopposedtounnaturalmodesofproductionandreproduction.VictorFrankenstein'sfailureasa"parent"inthenovelhasbeenreadasanexpressionoftheanxietieswhichaccompanypregnancy,givingbirth,andparticularlymaternity.Tosomedegree,thebooFeministFrankenstein'sactofcreationisnotonlyasinagainstGod/nature.Itisalsoanactagainstthe"femaleprinciple",whichincludesnaturalprocreationasoneofitscentralaspects.TheMonster,theresultofmalearrogance,istheenemyanddestroyeroftheeternalfemaleprinciple

.TheMonsteristhechildofanunnaturalactofprocreationinwhichwomanhasbecomeunnecessary.Themale,whoistheexecutivepowerinapatriarchalsystem,hasdeprivedwomanofhermostnaturalfunctionbecauseheisnowabletocreatechildrenwithoutfemaleparticipation.Thepresentdiscussionaboutgeneticengineeringandhumancloningshowsthatthisisnotafar-fetchedutopia.FeministFrankensteinTheworryforscienceandtechnologyMaryShelleyseemsnottocondemntheactofcreationbutratherFrankenstein'slackofwillingnesstoaccepttheresponsibilityforhisdeeds.Hiscreationonlybecomesamonsteratthemomenthiscreatordesertsit.ThusFrankensteinwarnsofthecarelessuseofscience-thebookwaswrittenatanearlystageoftheIndustrialRevolution,aperiodofdramaticscientificandtechnologicaladvance.Thisisstillanimportantissue,even200yearsafterthebookwaswritten.Takenintoconsiderationwhatmanyinventionsofthelast50yearsbroughtuponmankind,onemustassumethatmanyscientistsstilldonotcaremuch.(E.g.thesplittingoftheatomwasturnedintonuclearbombsandtheinventionofthecomputerresultedinaneeriedehumanisationofoursociety).TheworryforscienceandtechThemythologicalPrometheusrebelledagainsttheGodswhenhegavefiretohumankind;Frankensteinisarebelagainstnaturewhenhetriesnotonlytofindthesecretoflifebutalsotoremovelife'sdefects.Butevenmoreso,inVictorFrankensteinbothaspectsofthePrometheusmythareembodied:thetransgressive(hubris/rebellionagainstauthority)andthecreative(Prometheusalsomoldedmankindfrompiecesofclay).ThereforeFrankensteinistrulyadramaoftheromanticprometheanherowhofailsinhisattempttohelpmankind.Theromanticpromethean

ThemythologicalPrometheuThecreaturein

Frankenstein,forexample,readsbooksassociatedwithradicalidealsbuttheeducationhegainsfromthemisultimatelyuseless.

Shelley'sworksrevealheraslessoptimisticthanGodwinandWollstonecraft;shelacksfaithinGodwin'stheorythathumanitycouldeventuallybeperfected.Thecreaturein

Frankenstein,ENDEND謝謝觀看！2020

謝謝觀看！MaryShelleyMaryShelleyPortraitofMaryShelleyMaryShelley,theauthorofthelegendaryFrankenstein,wasnocommonplacenineteen-year-oldteenager.Inamatterofway,shewasaliterarynoviceinherownrespect,rightfromchildhood.Beingthedaughtertothethinker,novelistandpublisherWilliamGodwinandfeministMaryWollstonecraft,shebaskedamongstliteraryeliterightfromherearlydays.PortraitofMaryShelleyMaryWhilstgirlsofherageattendedtoballfrocksandhair-do’sshewasmoreoccupiedwithcontemporaryGothicnovels;ParadiseLostbyMilton,ParadiseRegained,Areopagetica,LycidasandComus.Ontheotherend,Shellydigestedtheworksofherpoet-husbandPryceShelley,Byron,Wordsworth,andColeridgeandwhilewritingdownthenotoriousFrankenstein,shewasgoingthroughGulliver’sTravelsbySwift.Tosomedegree,Frankensteinwasmoreofagirl’swonderthatowedtochildhoodfeastsondarkandpeculiarfantasies.WhilstgirlsofherageaHowwasFrankensteinBorn

OneDarkStormyNightHowwasFrankensteinBornOneDItstartedonestormynightattheresidenceofLordByronwhereagroupofcontemporaryliteratiwereassembled.MaryShellywasalsovisiting,accompaniedbyherfuturehusbandPercyShelley.Topassthestormydaysandnights,theydecidedtheywouldhaveacompetitiontoseewhocouldwritethebesthorrorstory.Itwasonesuchnight,MaryShellysawhermonster’sfirstsilhouetteindream.Shelleydreamtaboutascientistwhocreatedlifeandwashorrifiedbywhatshehadmade.ThenFrankensteinwaswritten.PS:

EllenMoerswasoneofthefirsttoclaimthatShelley'slossofababywasacrucialinfluenceonthewritingof

Frankenstein.HowwasFrankensteinBornItstartedonestormynighTheinfluenceofherparentsMaryShelley(1797-1851)wasdestinedtobecomeoneofthemostprominentfiguresinEnglishliterature.Bothherparentswererevolutionariesandwriters:HerfatherWilliamGodwin(1756-1836)wasanEnglishjournalistandnovelistandoneofthemajorproponentsofanarchistphilosophy.Mary'smotherMaryWollstonecraft(1759-1797),oneoftheearliestfeminists,wasequallyradical.InherbookAVindicationoftheRightsofWomenWollstonecaftarguesthattheinferiorroleofwomeninsocietywasnotnatural,butratheraconsequenceofmiseducation.Shecalledforequalityofwomenandmen,thewomen'srighttoworkandpropereducationforgirls.AlthoughshediedtendaysaftergivingbirthtoherdaughterMary,herworkscontinuedtoinfluenceMaryShelley.Marygrewupsurroundedbyintellectualmindsandshewaseducatedandtutoredbyherfather,whomarriedhissecondwifeMaryJaneClairmontin1801.

TheinfluenceofherparentsMarySPercyShelley,apoetandradicalfree-thinker,fellinlovewithMary,despitebeingstillmarriedtohisfirstwifeHarriet.MaryandPercybothsharedaloveforliteratureandtheyusedtodiscussliteraryclassicsandphilosophy.

TheinfluenceofherhusbandPercyShelley,apoetand

ThestoryispartiallybasedonGiovanniAldini's

electricalexperimentsondeadand(sometimes)livinganimalsandwasalsoawarningagainsttheexpansionofmodernhumansintheIndustrialRevolution,alludedtoinitssubtitle,TheModernPrometheus.Ithashadaconsiderableinfluenceacrossliteratureandpopularcultureandspawnedacompletegenreofhorrorstoriesandfilms.SocialBackgroundThestoryispartiaLatentreasonsbehindMaryShelley’saccountofFrankensteinincludedthedeathofherfirstchild,Willy,whomshehadthoughtsabout,restoringtolife.Additionally,herswasaneraofscientificexplorationandbiologicalexperimentation.Galvanismwasregardedasawaytocalluponlifeincorpsesthroughelectrification,leadingtomythicalqualities.Also,therehadbeensuccessivedeathsinherfamilyshapingherinfantbraintoseethetraumaticsideoflifeandescapism.Thedream,intheaftermathofLordByron’schallengecoupledwithMaryShelley’scontemporaryanddomesticsituationleadhertowritethestoryofFrankenstein’monster,acreaturecursedbyhisownplight.LatentreasonsbehindMTheRevelationGuilt&AnxietiesFeministTheworryforscienceandtechnologyTheromanticpromethean

LackingfaithinGodwin'stheoryTheRevelationGuilt&AnxietieTosomedegree,thebookshowsShelley'sguiltforcausinghermother'sdeathaswellasforfailingasaparent.ShelleyscholarAnneK.Mellorsuggeststhat,fromafeministviewpoint,itisastory"aboutwhathappenswhenamantriestohaveababywithoutawoman...[Frankenstein]isprofoundlyconcernedwithnaturalasopposedtounnaturalmodesofproductionandreproduction.VictorFrankenstein'sfailureasa"parent"inthenovelhasbeenreadasanexpressionoftheanxietieswhichaccompanypregnancy,givingbirth,andparticularlymaternity.Tosomedegree,thebooFeministFrankenstein'sactofcreationisnotonlyasinagainstGod/nature.Itisalsoanactagainstthe"femaleprinciple",whichincludesnaturalprocreationasoneofitscentralaspects.TheMonster,theresultofmalearrogance,istheenemyanddestroyeroftheeternalfemaleprinciple

.TheMonsteristhechildofanunnaturalactofprocreationinwhichwomanhasbecomeunnecessary.Themale,whoistheexecutivepowerinapatriarchalsystem,hasdeprivedwomanofhermostnaturalfunctionbecauseheisnowabletocreatechildrenwithoutfemaleparticipation.Thepresentdiscussionaboutgeneticengineeringandhumancloningshowsthatthisisnotafar-fetchedutopia.FeministFrankensteinTheworryforscienceandtechnologyMaryShelleyseemsnottocondemntheactofcreationbutratherFrankenstein'slackofwillingnesstoaccepttheresponsibilityforhisdeeds.Hiscreationonlybecomesamonsteratthemomenthiscreatordesertsit.ThusFrankensteinwarnsof