1、Summary WritingChapter 4Summary WritingChapter 4Objectives Give an appropriate definition for a summaryKnow the characteristics of a good summaryLearn the techniques in summary writingLearn the steps in summary writingPractice Objectives Give an appropriateI. What is a summary?A summary is a shorten

2、ed passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement - in your own words -of the contents of a passage. Note: you simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgments.I. What is a summary?A summaryII. Characteristics of a good s

3、ummaryCan be understood without reference to the original;Is a faithful reproduction of, or contains only the ideas or information of, the original;Is brief without any unnecessary detail;Is a readable unified wholeII. Characteristics of a good III. Techniques in summary writingParaphrasingTo paraph

4、rase means to completely and correctly express other peoples ideas in ones own words.III. Techniques in summary wriExamples: 1. Youve cooked us all a hot potato. (a troublesome person or issue) 2. Prevention is better than cure. (It is better to prevent something unpleasant from happening than try t

5、o put it right afterwards.)Examples: 1. Youve cooked It helps us understand the original better.It helps us grasp the central idea and the main points. It helps us write summaries that are brief and to the point, and in our own words.The importance of paraphrasingIt helps us understand the orRead th

6、e original carefully and comprehend its meaning wholly and correctly.Consider the original article as a whole, not in isolated sentences.Steps of paraphrasingRead the original carefully aGrasping the central ideasIII. Techniques in summary writingGrasping the central ideasIII.Ways of condensationUse

7、 synonyms or synonymous phrasesHe had a good command of English. (He knew English well.)Change the structure of simple sentencesMy brother has an appreciation of modern art.(My brother appreciates modern art.)III. Techniques in summary writingWays of condensationIII. TechnTurn complex sentences into

8、 simple sentencesHe received a welcome that was as cold as ice.(He received an icy welcome.)Combine the sentencesHurry up. If you dont, youll miss the train.(Hurry up or youll miss the train.)Turn complex sentences into siFinding the topic sentence and making an outline topic sentence / outlineFindi

9、ng the topic sentence andIV. How to write a summary?The importance of summary writingNecessary elements for a good summaryProper citation title, author, source; date of publication and the text (journal articles)IV. How to write a summary?TheThesis statement the topic or general subject matter of th

10、e text; the authors major assertion, comment, or position on the topicThesis statement Supporting ideas major supporting ideas; relationships among these ideas no specifics the authors purpose in writing no personal opinions, ideas, and inferences.Supporting ideas Grammar and the structure of writin

11、g avoid direct quotation; use transitional wordsLength 1/4 to 1/3 of the original Grammar and the structure of wRead the article To understand the article and find the general theme.Reread the article Divide into sections and label each section. Understand the important parts.Write one-sentence summ

12、aries Summarize each section of thought.Steps in writing a summaryRead the articleSteps in writiFormulate the thesis statement Weave the one-sentence section-summaries together.Write the first draftIn the first sentence or two:The authors nameThe articles or chapters nameThe authors thesis statement

13、Then the summary sentences for each paragraph or section.Formulate the thesis statementExpress in your own words, to avoid plagiarism.Occasional supporting ideas if necessary.Note:Eliminate unnecessary words and repetitions.Eliminate personal ideas and inferences.Use transitions for a smooth and logical flow of ideas.Conclude with a summing up sentence.Express in your own words, to Edit the draftIs all the important information in the summary?Am I listing thi