1、Unit 4 HumourLesson 1 Whafs So Funny?教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)科目：英語 課題：Lesson 1 Whats So Funny?課時：1課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)：矢口識 目標(biāo)：Students can learn some new words and expressions and continuous tenses.能力 目標(biāo)：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.情感 目標(biāo)：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教

2、學(xué)重點(diǎn)： How to learn the new words and expressions and continuous tenses.教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： How to make students have a better understanding of the passage.課前準(zhǔn)備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學(xué)過程：一、Pre-readingGreetingLeading-inACTIVATE AND SHARE教師活動：(1)教師活動，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生完成練習(xí)。Do you like reading humorous or funny stories? Why?Example I like read

3、ing humorous stories because I like the play on words.(2)教師活動：Explore two methods of creating humour.Play on words一pun (雙關(guān)語)An amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meanings, or of words that have the same sound but different meanings.雙關(guān)語指在一定的語言環(huán)境中，利用詞的多義和同音的條件，有意使語句具有雙重意義，言在 此而意在彼的修辭方式。雙關(guān)可使語

4、言表達(dá)得含蓄、幽默，而且能加深語意，給人以深刻印象。雙 關(guān)可分為諧音雙關(guān)和語義雙關(guān)兩類。雙關(guān)語最能發(fā)揮人的幽默和幽默。法國大文豪雨果也說：“雙關(guān)語是飛舞著的靈魂的產(chǎn)物。”Sarcasm (挖苦)Sarcasm generally takes the form of an ironic remark, somewhat rooted in humour, that is intended to mock or satirize something. When a speaker is being sarcastic, he is saying something different than w

5、hat he actually means.As a literary device, sarcasm can convey a writer and/or characters true feelings of frustration, anger, and even derision, though veiled by the presence of humour and wording that is inconsistent with what is intended. However, since sarcastic statements, as they are worded, c

6、ontradict the speakers intent and true meaning, it can be difficult for writers to effectively utilize this literary device without proper context or tone.挖苦是一種文學(xué)手法，用于暴露對象的缺點(diǎn)和可笑之處，常采用夸張或反諷等方式，從而產(chǎn)生 幽默的效果。有時用譏刺和嘲諷筆法描寫敵對的、落后的事物，有時用夸張的手法加以暴露，以達(dá) 到貶低的效果。這就是說作者在真實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，以挖苦和嘲諷的手法，揭露某些現(xiàn)象，批判某種行 為，使人在會心的笑聲中予以否認(rèn)

7、，這種手法就是挖苦。挖苦手法犀利有力，而且使用靈活，或正面進(jìn)攻，或旁敲側(cè)擊，或挖苦揶揄，或正顏厲色，嬉 笑怒罵，皆成文章。歸納起來，挖苦手法大致有以下幾種：漫畫法漫畫式的挖苦手法其特點(diǎn)是夸張，把人或事的假、丑、惡加以擴(kuò)大或縮小，使之變相、變形, 以突出這一側(cè)面的特征，到達(dá)挖苦的目的。馬克吐溫的競選州長采用了這種手法，揭露不同 社會的光怪陸離現(xiàn)象，在刻畫人物形象方面起了重要作用。比照法即把被挖苦的對象，在對待同一人或事的前后不同的言行進(jìn)行描述，以顯示被挖苦對象的愚蠢 可笑。莫泊桑的我的叔叔于勒圍繞于勒有無金錢，描寫菲力普夫婦言行、態(tài)度，前后判假設(shè)兩人 的變化，使讀者不難看出夫婦二人的極度虛偽、冷

8、酷無情，進(jìn)一步揭示了資本主義社會人與人之間 赤裸裸的金錢關(guān)系。契訶夫的變色龍通過描寫警官奧楚蔑洛夫圍繞狗的主人是誰的易變、善變， 無情地揭露了沙皇統(tǒng)治下社會的黑暗。托物法這是一種把挖苦對象比作某物，使挖苦對象具體化、形象化的手法。惠子相梁中的惠子聽信 傳言，以為莊子來代他為相，非常恐懼。而莊子卻給他講了一個幽默的故事，他在故事中把自己比 作鸚箱（古代傳說中像鳳凰一樣的鳥），惠子比作貓頭鷹，梁國那么比作腐鼠。他極力描寫了鸚箱高尚 的志趣，而貓頭鷹得一腐鼠便視為珍貴美味，挖苦之意溢于言表。這種技法在諸子百家著作及戰(zhàn) 國策中屢有所見。反說法反說法也就是“說反話”。作為挖苦手段的“反話”，是指用肯定、

9、贊美的語言描述明顯的丑惡、 虛假的現(xiàn)象，表達(dá)作者的鄙視與挖苦。藤野先生開頭一段對“清國留學(xué)生”的描寫，表達(dá)的正是 厭惡之極的情感。”實(shí)在標(biāo)致極了”其實(shí)是指一點(diǎn)也不標(biāo)致，稱他們標(biāo)致，是明顯的挖苦。當(dāng)任何指 斥的言辭都缺乏以把憤怒之情表達(dá)的酣暢淋漓時，化為反語的挖苦，較之直言指責(zé)更為有力，表達(dá) 的厭惡之情更為強(qiáng)烈。二、While- readingREAD AND EXPLORE1.學(xué)生活動：閱讀文章，回答下列問題。Work in groups of three. Each student reads one of the stories and answers the following ques

10、tions. Then share what you have read with your group members.Which characters are in the story?(Story A: a famous art collector and an owner of a store.Story B: Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.Story C: Grock and a doctor.)Where are they?(The famous art collector was in a store.Sherlock Holmes and Dr.

11、 Watson were on a camping trip.Grock and the doctor were in a hospital.)What happened to/ between them?(Story A: The famous art collector wanted to buy the valuable saucer. And the owner of the shop only wanted to sell the cat.Story B: Sherlock Holmes wanted to tell Dr. Watson that their tent had be

12、en stolen. But Dr. Watson described more about the universe.Story C: Grock wanted the doctor to examine him and give him some comfort, but the doctor advised him to watch the performance of the circus. As a matter of fact, Grock was the clown.)Why is it funny?(Story A: The collector had planned to b

13、uy the saucer, but in fact he bought a cat.Story B: Sherlock had planned to make Watson know their tent had been stolen, but Watson didnt notice that.Story C: Grock went to see a doctor to relieve his stress, but the doctor advised him to watch the performance of the circus to make him laugh. The do

14、ctor didnt know it was Grock who gave the performance.) 2.學(xué)生活動：閱讀文章，完成表格。Group Work Read the three stories. Complete the notes. Then share and check your notes with your group members.Story AStory BCharacterWhat did each person do?Real purposeThe resultThe art collectorBuy a catBuy the saucerfunnyTh

15、e store ownerSell goodsSell the catCharacterWhat did each person do?Real purposeThe resultSherlock HolmesAsk Watson to look up at the sky and tell him what he sawTell Watson their tent had been stolenfunnyDr. WatsonLook up at the skyShow off what he knew about the universeStory CComplete the funny p

16、art of the three stories.3.學(xué)生活動：續(xù)寫故事。CharacterWhat did each person do?Real purposeThe resultThe middle-aged manSee a doctorRelieve stress and anxietyfunnyThe doctorExamine the middle-aged manAdvise him to see the performance of the circusComplete the funny part of the three stories.三、After-readingSt

17、oryThe funny partAThe store owner refused to give away the saucer with the cat because. it was his lucky saucer.BSherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson saw millions of stars at night because. their tent had been stolen. But Watson didnt notice this.CAn amazing clown couldnt. make the man relaxed, because th

18、e clown was just himself.學(xué)生活動：Group Work.Tell one of the three stories to your group based on your notes.學(xué)生活動：完成練習(xí)。Complete the summaries with the words or phrases you have learnt from the stories.An art collector noticed a cat lapping milk from a 1 in the 2 of a store. He realisedthat it was an 3 a

19、nd very valuable. He decided to buy the cat and offered to pay 200 dollars inthe end. Then he asked the store owner to 4 the saucer, but the owner refused to give it awayfor he had sold 68 cats because of this lucky saucer.Sherlock Holmes asked his 5 friend Dr. Watson what he saw from the sky. n6of

20、stars, said Dr. Watson. Based on his knowledge on 7, he believed there are millions of galaxies and 8 of planets. He deduced that it was probably a quarter past three based on the 9of time. From the 10, he forecasted that it would be a beautiful day the next day. Watson didnt realise that someone ha

21、d stolen their tent!A middle-aged man who was 11 went to the doctor. The doctor examined him and found 12OK. The doctor thought that what the man needed was 13 and suggested 14. Actually he was 15.(Answers:1 saucer 2 doorway 3 antique 4 throw 5 faithful 6 Millions 7 astronomy 8 billions9 scientific

22、measurement 10 current atmosphere 11 feeling very down 12 everything13 a good laugh 14 seeing a circus performing 15 the clown)四、FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: CONTINUOUS TENSESPair WorkRead the following sentences from Story C. Discuss which continuous tense (present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous

23、, future continuous) is used in each sentence.Everything had been going wrong for him.Well, Fve been having a bit of a crisis.This time next week, fll be arriving in New York.(Answers:1 past perfect continuous 2 present perfect continuous 3 future continuous )Fill in the columns with more examples o

24、f the different continuous tenses from the three stories.Future Continuous(will be + verb-ing)Present Perfect Continuous(have / has been + verb-ing)Past Perfect Continuous(had been + verb-ing)I will be working in the United States for three months.Well, Tve been having a bit of a crisis, you know, l

25、ots of problems.Everything had been going wrong for him.Complete the sentences using present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous or future continuous where appropriate.1 The eager fans(wait) for six hours before they finally got the tickets for the football match.1(look for) that for weeks -

26、 where did you find it?Mrs Wang(stay with her friends) when she goes to Hainan.As he(repair his car) all afternoon, he was messy.This book is taking me so long that I(still read) it by this time next year!She(study English) since she left school.(Answers:1 had been waiting 2 have been looking for 3

27、will be staying with her friends4 had been repairing his car 5 will be still reading 6 has been studying English)EXPRESS YOURSELF學(xué)生活動：Pair WorkRead the jokes below and talk about the funny part of each joke.Girl: Why was the cat sitting on the computer?Boy: He was keeping an eye on the mouse.Teacher

28、 of politics: Who is the speaker of the House?Student: Mother.Student: Professor, I did the best I could on this test. I really dont think I deserve a zero.Professor: Neither do I. But thats the lowest grade Im allowed to give.Teacher: What is the chemical formula for water?Student: HIJKLMNO!Teacher

29、: What are you talking about?Student: Yesterday you said its H to O!(Suggested answers:The funny part is the play on the meaning of “mouse”; a computer mouse and a mouse.The funny part is the play on the meaning of nthe House1. In politics it often refers to the political institute and is capitalise

30、d. The student understood it to be the household. The mother is often thought of the speaker as she tends to talk more at home and decides on household matters.The funny part is that the student is complaining about the low mark and professor responds as it is actually higher than what he deserves.

31、The professor uses sarcasm here.The funny part is the play on to，which sounds the same; a number two or going from one point to another. It implies that the student doesnt know what a formula is.)語法：進(jìn)行時態(tài)形式目定否認(rèn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are doingam/is/are not doing過去進(jìn)行時was/were doingwas/were not doing將來進(jìn)行時will be do

32、ingwill not be doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have/has been doinghave/has not been doing過去完成進(jìn)行時had been doinghad not been doing一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作 或存在的狀態(tài)。I hear you are working in a pub. Whats it like?我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣？Well, the work is very hard and Im always tired, but I dont mind.哦，工作很

33、辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不介意。.某些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如：come, go, leave, arrive, start, move等，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā) 生或計(jì)劃要做的事。. 一些特殊的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可用來表示經(jīng)常性的動作，常和constantly, always, forever等副詞連用，表示厭煩、贊美 等情緒。She is always sleeping with the window open.她總喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。二、過去進(jìn)行時.表示過去某時刻正在發(fā)生的動作，或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時發(fā)生的動作；也可表示過去某個時間 段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動作。I walked slowly th

34、rough the market, where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables. 我慢慢地走過市場，市場里人們在賣各種各樣的水果和蔬菜。.短暫性動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去按計(jì)劃、安排要做的事。I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些時候來看你的，但是我不得不打 取消了。.與always, constantly, forever等副詞連用時，表示說話人對某種行為的贊賞、厭煩、不滿等情緒。He was

35、always changing his mind.他總是改變主意。三、將來進(jìn)行時表示將來某時刻或某一時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常表示事情的正常開展。ril be doing some housework tomorrow.明天我要干些家務(wù)活。四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時.常用來表示開始于過去某個時間，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作。For days the kids have been looking for people we can help.數(shù)日來孩子們一直在尋找我們能幫助的人。.表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作。I have been calling him many time

36、s this morning, but theres no answer.今早我給他打了幾次 ，但都沒打通。五、過去完成進(jìn)行時過去完成進(jìn)行時與過去完成時的用法很相近，它通常表示某個過去正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過 去某個時刻還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前時刻才結(jié)束。He had been writing the letter till two oclock.他一直寫信到兩點(diǎn)鐘。He was now thirty years old. He had been gambling since he was ten.(他三十歲還在賭博。)他現(xiàn)在三十歲了。他從十歲起就開始賭博了。不過這種狀態(tài)不一定表示這

37、個動作會持續(xù)下去。He came back at seven. He had been waiting for two hours.(七點(diǎn)鐘的時候他沒有再等了。)他七點(diǎn)鐘回來。他已經(jīng)等了兩個小時了。它的含義主要包括以下兒個方面：尚未完成：He had been writing a novel. (He had not finished it yet.)他一直在寫一部小說。企圖: He had been studying the meaning of the proverb. (He was trying to study it.)他一直在研究這句諺語的意思。未得至U結(jié)果： We had been studying what our enemy had said. (But