1、第一篇強市之路The Road to a Prosperous Cityarticulate 闡明agenda 一切工作lifeblood生命線multifaceted系統工程disruptive破壞性的indulgence 不介意highlight 著重insurer 保險公司license 獲準sell policies 出售保單securities 證券virtuous cycle 良性發展local supplier本地供應商cluster of innovation創新產業聚焦地development patent 開發性專利venture capital 風險投資foresight

2、ed example破有遠見的例子advisory council咨詢會議underpinning 基石educated citizenry受過良好教育的公民curriculum 課程interdisciplinary 跨學科scholarship 研究virtual world虛擬世界傳、幫、帶榜樣的示范作用完善兀1=1nurture 指導 internship 傳、幫、帶榜樣的示范作用完善兀1=1stifle扼殺enlightened 寬松開明accompanying disruption 伴隨的沖擊 secure ones position必將成為市長先生，首先感謝您給我這個機會來談一下

3、我對上海如何才能成為21世紀世界主要 創新中心之一的看法。Mr.Mayor, Let me thank you for the opportunity to share some thoughts about how to ensure Shanghai,s place as one of the world,s leading centers of innovation in the 21stcentury.毫無疑問，市長先生已經意識到創新對于上海經濟發展和繁榮的重要意義。您已清楚 的闡明了上海的發展戰略，那就是將對城市技術創新能力的提升置于一切工作之首。創新是 國家生命線，也是公司的生命線

4、。沒有創新就沒有未來。但是我們都知道，創新是一個復雜 的系統工程。創新不僅是基礎科學研究的投入，也不僅僅是新實驗設備的購置。創新是由對 新產品、新服務、新技術和新商業模式的開發帶來的價值創造。由于創新可能造成破壞性的 沖擊，所以創新最需要堅強有力的領導、長期奮斗的戰略和致力于創新的人才。Certainly,Mr. Mayor, you have already recognized the importance of innovation to Shanghai,s economic growth and prosperity. You have articulated a strategy

5、for your city that places technological innovation capacity at the top of the agenda. Innovation is the lifeblood of a country and a company-there is no future without it. Innovation, however, as we all know, is complex and multifaceted. We have to think of innovation as more than basic science or n

6、ew laboratory equipment. Innovation is the creation of value through new productions or services, te technologies and bussiness models. And because innovation can be disruptive, it requires above all strong leadership, a long term strategy and people who are committed to innovation.您若不介意的話，我想談一下40年來

7、我是如何帶領美國國際集團有一家凈收入僅為700 萬美元的小公司發展壯大成為一家凈收入超過110億美元的大企業的。我將著重介紹我們在 中國的做法。With your indulgence, I would like to share some of may personal experiences in leading American International Group (AIG) for four decades and taking a company from $7 million in net income to more than $11 billion in net incom

8、e. I will highlight in particular our work in China.我認為，作為創新者，美國國際集團在中國取得成功的秘訣在于它的四大核心競爭力： 第一是對中國市場的理解;第二是有敢于以新模式和新產品進行實驗的冒險精神；第三是注 重對于本地人才的創新能力的培養;第四是有為造福中國人民和美國國際集團而積極捕捉良 機的意愿。I believe the key to AIG,s success as an innovator in China derived from four core strengths: an understanding of the Chin

9、ese market; a willingness to experiment and take risks with new business models and products; an emphasis on developing the talents and creative abilities of our local employees; and our desire to seek out opportunities to benefit both the Chinese people and AIG.我無數次來中國了解中國市場的潛力。1980年，我們在中國北京開始辦事處，這

10、是外 國金融機構首次在新中國設立的辦事機構。同年，我們與中國人民保險公司合作，雙方各出 資50%，成立了 “中美保險公司”。這是中國人民保險公司和國外保險機構成立的首個合資 機構。1992年，具有“敢為天下先”傳統的美國國際集團成為中國40年來首家獲準向中國 公民出售保單的外國保險公司。2004年，我公司與中國“華泰證券有限責任公司”建立了 合資企業，這也是中國資產管理領域里的首家合資企業。我公司所具有的這種創新文化，使 我們很快適應了中國市場不斷變化的環境，為新市場開發新產品，為客戶和投資者創造更多 的價值。I traveled to China countless times in ord

11、er to understand the potential of the Chinese market. In 1980, we were able to open a representative office in Beijing. That same year, we formed China America Insurance Company (CAIC) as a 50-50 joint venture between the AIG companies and the People,s Insurance Company of China (PICC). This was the

12、 first joint venture between a foreign insurance organization and PICC. And in 1992, continuing our tradition of firsts, AIG became the first insure in four decades licensed by the Chinese government to sell policies to Chinese citizens. In 2004, the company also entered into a joint venture with Ch

13、ina Huatai Securities, the first such venture into China,s asset management business. Because of our innovation culture, we were quick to adapt to the changing market circumstances in China and develop new products for new markets, providing additional value for our customers and investors.創新從領導層開始做

14、起。領導層必須營造一個可以不斷創新的環境，以激勵人們的創 新思維。這樣的環境可以吸引那些樂于創新的人才，從而使公司得到良性發展。上海的領導 努力為企業營造可取得成功的環境。例如，浦東國際機場和新的深水港等設施的建立，使上 海與世界的交通連接達到了世界級的水平。上海已經從一個以低端制造業為主的城市，轉型 為一個以高端制造業和服務業為主的城市。跨國企業很容易在這樣的地區找到技術熟練的供 應商和合作伙伴。Innovation starts at the top, and it is important for leaders to create an environment where innova

15、tion is constant, where people have the skills and incentives to think creatively. In doing so, you attract talents that want to contribute to that environment, creating a virtuous cycle for the company. Shanghai,s leadership has worked hard to create an environment where business can succeed. For e

16、xample, Shanghai,s transportation links to the world, including Pudong International Airport and the new deep water port facility,have achieved world-class status. The city has shifted from low-end manufacturing to high-end production and services. Multinationals can easily find highly skilled local

17、 suppliers and partners.因此，上海在許多方面已向世界級創新中心闊步邁進，許多基礎工作都已做到位。但 是，為了戰勝競爭對手，取得競爭優勢，我認為上海在以下三方面的前進步伐可以邁得更快 一些。In many respects, therefore, Shanghai is well on its way to achieving its potential as a global center of innovation, putting in place many of the necessary fundamentals. But let me suggest thre

18、e areas where I think Shanghai can now move aggressively to gain a competitive advantage over others in attaining this goal.第一，要激勵真正的創新。毫無疑問，上海正在成為中國最重要的創新產業聚集地之 一。每年約有4000項開發性專利在上海產生，這充分顯示了上海科技界的智力。上海同時 也應該鼓勵大學、科研所和企業進行合作，開展基礎性研究，以增強發展后勁。上海還應該 發展風險投資產業，營造更為開放的氛圍。一個頗具遠見的創新之舉是“上海市市長國際企 業家咨詢會議”的創立。市長咨

19、詢會議吸收了世界各地的諸多公司為其成員，大家都在一起 交流思想，同時也帶來了諸多新機會。First, rewarding real innovation. Shanghai is clearly emerging as one of the most important clusters of innovation in china. Approximately 4,000 development patents are issued in Shanghai every year. They demonstrate the intellectual capability of the Shan

20、ghai scientific community. Shanghai should also encourage its universities, research institutes and corporations to cooperate in striving to do the basic research for greater growth in the future. Shanghai should work to develop the venture capital industry and a more open-minded climate. A foresigh

21、ted example of innovation in Shanghai was the development of International Business Leader,s Adevisory Council for the Mayor of Shanghai. It opened the door for many new copanies worldwide to become members, share ideas and crease new opportunities.第二，要致力于教育創新。致力于教育事業是對創新基石的真正理解，即對培養受過 良好教育、充滿才智的公民的

22、重要性的理解。復旦大學、同濟大學和上海交通大學都在努力 創辦世界水準的研究型大學。參與全球競爭需要高質量的教育。培養年輕工程師的課程設置 必須提供語言技能、分析技能和人文感悟等方面的課程，使畢業生能在跨國環境中成就一番 事業。一個成功的范例就是將國際管理學課程與中國商業環境結合起來的中歐國際工商學 院。上海高校應該激勵跨學科研究，加強團隊合作，鼓勵個人創新。大學與企業應該開展更 密切的產學合作，向學生提供實習機會，培養那些來自真實世界而非虛擬世界的實踐經驗。 未來的發展需要企業、高校和政府官員的共同努力。功成名就的企業家應該對業界新秀進行 傳、幫、帶。要知道，年輕的科學家和企業家需要榜樣的示范

23、作用。Second, innovation in education. Commitment to education speaks to the understanding of one of the real underpinnings of innovation, talented and educated citizenry. Fudan, Tongji, and Shanghai Jiaotong are all striving to become world-class research universities. Global competition requires qual

24、ity education. The educational curricula for young engineers should provide them with the language and analytical skills and cultural understanding to succeed in a multinational environment. One of the success stories is that of China Europe International Business School,which combines international

25、 management education with an understanding of the Chinese business environment. Shanghai,s universities should encourage interdisciplinary scholarship, greater teamwork and individual initiative. University and industry should work more closely to develop internships and other real-world, rather th

26、an virtual-world, experiences. Future development will require that companies, universities, and government officials work together. The more established generation of businesspeople should nurture the rising tide of entrepreneurs through mentoring. You know young scientists and entrepreneurs in Sha

27、nghai need role models.第三，要完善法制環境。所有國家都需要制定法規來保護公民和投資者的合法權益， 但是法規的制訂必須有助于鼓勵創新，而不是扼殺變革。如果一種孕育著新產品的新思想因 為別具匠心而遭拒絕，那么公司就會移情他人，尋求更為寬松開明的環境。許多國家常常因 其法制環境不和諧而抑制了創新之舉。Third, rationalizing the regulatory environment. All countries, of course, require regulations to protect their citizens and investors, but

28、regulations should be designed to encourage innovation rather than stifle change. If new ideas leading to new products are rejected because they are new, companies will move elsewhere where the regulatory environment is more enlightened. Often regulation in many countries does not keep up and theref

29、ore discourages innovation.我們生活在一個以創新驅動經濟發展和繁榮的時代。墨守成規確實舒服愜意，而改革 創新則困難重重，因為創新往往引發變革。創新需要新思想、新程序和新機制。新的技術和 新的方法會劇烈的改變現行的市場秩序，即帶來新的公司客戶，也帶來新的競爭對手。但是， 如果有英明的領導、長期的戰略以及優秀的人才，創新活動及其所伴隨的沖擊力是可控的。 胡錦濤主席在年初時曾說過：“創新是國家的核心競爭力。”We live in an era where innovation is central to economic growth and prosperity. It

30、is comfortable to hold onto the old ways of doing business. But innovation is hard because it usually leads to change. Innovation requires new ideas, new processes, and new institutions. New technologies and approaches can radically change an existing market, creating new customers and companies. Bu

31、t innovation and its accompanying disruption can be managed through good leadership, a long term strategy, and good people. President Hu Jintao stated at the beginning of this year that Innovation is the core of the nation,s competitiveness.”長期戰略藍圖已經擬就。中國將增強自主創新能力，加強基礎研究能力，加快進入創 新型國家行列。市長先生，您和上海市政府正

32、在努力應對創新的挑戰。上海人民的智慧和能 量世人皆知。我堅信，上海必將成為全球的一個創造發明中心。The long term strategy has also been laid out. China will enhance its independent innovation capabilities, strengthen its ability to conduct basic science research, and speed up its efforts to join the ranks of innovative countries. And you, Mr. Mayor

33、, and the rest of the Shanghai municipal government are working hard to address the innovation challenge directly. And we all know of the talent and energy of the people of shanghai. I am confident that Shanghai will secure its position as a global center of creativity and innovation.第二篇廣而“誤”之Passag

34、e 1 The Effects of Misleading Advertisingdenounce譴責commercials商業廣告adolescent青少年vulnerable脆弱的prime target主要目標take advantage of利用in the guise of偽裝成designer jeans or sneakers品牌牛仔服或運動鞋status身份，地位femininity女性氣質masculinity男性氣質pervasive蔓延的conventional傳統的attribute屬性的wrinkle皺紋blemish瑕疵conform to the norm /id

35、eal符合標準；合乎典范artificial image虛構形象desperate拼命的，不顧一切的go to great lengths to do something大費周折cosmetics化妝品in need of alteration需要改變disguise隱藏ironically有諷刺意味的weight-reduction減肥detrimental有害的nutrition營養vitality活力taboo禁忌placed in a double bind處于進退兩難的境地virginal處女般的seductive誘惑人的depict描繪（詞匯的翻譯隱藏，學生自己翻譯后，單擊原詞，顯

36、示譯文）口譯實踐 Text for InterpretationInterpret the following passage from English into Chinese:我在此發表演講，譴責現代社會的一大弊病，那就是誤導性廣告的性別效應。Im speaking to denounce a disease with our modern society, that is, the sex role of misleading advertisements and commercials.我們所有人在其一生中無時不受廣告的影響。少年，尤其是少女，新近涉足消費市場， 經驗不足，是廣告的主要

37、對象，所以特別容易受到廣告的侵襲。Advertising affects all of us throughout our lives. Adolescents, especially female adolescents, are particularly vulnerable, however, because they are new and inexperienced consumers and are the prime targets of many advertisements.廣告商們充分意識到自己的作用，他們毫不遲疑地利用年輕人的不穩定性和渴求性，主 動充當解難的智者。一支煙

38、象征著獨立，一條名牌牛仔褲或一雙名牌旅游運動鞋給人以身份。 恰當的香水或啤酒使人對女性氣質或男性氣概不再生疑。Advertisers are fully aware of their role and do not hesitate to take advantage of the insecurities and anxieties of young people, in the guise of offering solutions. A cigarette provides a symbol of independence. A pair of designer jeans or sne

39、akers conveys status. The right perfume or beer resolves doubts about femininity or masculinity.沒有哪一個政治家或教育家具有廣告那么強的滲透力和說服力。廣告教我們成為消費 者，廣告告訴我們“萬般皆下品，惟有物質高”，廣告讓我們感到幸福是可以花錢購買的， 生活中的復雜問題都有手到病除的良方，產品可以使我們充實，可以滿足我們人類最深層次 的需求。一個人的價值，尤其是一個年輕女性的價值，取決于所用產品的價值。No politician or educator is more pervasive or pe

40、rsuasive than advertising. It teaches us to be consumers, to value material things above all else, to feel that happiness can be bought, that there are instant solutions to lifes complex problems, and that products can fulfill us and meet our deepest human needs. The value of a person, especially th

41、e value of a young woman, depends upon the products used.對一名女子來說，標準美是她的惟一標志。她的皮膚應天生麗質，沒有皺紋，沒有疤 痕，沒有瑕疵。她的身材應該清瘦苗條，通常高挑個，雙褪修長，其中青春年少則是首要條 件。所有在電視廣告中出現的“花容玉貌”般的倩女均都符合這個標準。這種形象是人為的， 只可能人為地塑造。許多婦女極度渴求達到一個理想的而又無法達到的標準，她們盡其所能 來擺布和修改自己的容貌體態。這個國家每小時花費在化妝品上的錢超過100萬元。女子已 習與性成地視自己的臉蛋為面具，視自己的身體為物品，是一種脫離了原型而又高于原型

42、的 東西。女子自身需要經常不斷地予以修正、改良與偽裝。無論她是否想獲得那般“花容玉貌”， 都已被塑造為那種自我不滿、自我慚愧的人。For a woman, conventional beauty is her only attribute. She is supposed to have no lines or wrinkles, no scars or blemishes. She is thin, generally tall and long legged, and above all young. All “beautiful” women in television commerci

43、als conform to this norm. The image is artificial and can only be achieved artificially. Desperate to conform to an ideal and impossible standard, many women go to great lengths to manipulate and change their faces and bodies. More than a million dollars is spent every hour on cosmetics in this coun

44、try. A woman is conditioned to view her face as a mask and her body as an object, as things separate from and more important than her real self. She is constantly in need of alteration, improvement, and disguise. She is made to feel dissatisfied with and ashamed of herself, whether she tries to achi

45、eve “the look” or not.具有諷刺意義的是，諸如化妝品和減肥飲料這些被廣告大肆渲染的產品對人體的魅力甚 至是有害的。媒體對營養、鍛煉以及其他一些與健康和活力有關的重要因素則很少強調。Ironically, the heavily advertised products, such as cosmetics and weight-reduction drinks, are even detrimental to physical attractiveness. There is very little emphasis in the media on nutrition and

46、 exercise and other important aspects of health and vitality.少女自然成長也不被看好。年紀增長是大忌。雖然男孩可以成為一名成熟的男子，并且還受 到鼓勵，但對女孩的要求卻是妙齡永駐，唯唯諾諾，依附順從，永不成熟。不知何故，對她 們的要求總有兩面性，既要求她們性感多情，又要求她們冰清玉潔，既要求她們老到練達， 又要求她們少不更事，既要求她們風騷冶艷，又要求她們質樸無華。Adolescent females are also discouraged from growing up and becoming adults. Growing o

47、lder is the great taboo. Although boys are allowed and encouraged to become mature adults, girls are encouraged to remain little girls, to be passive and dependent, never to mature. Somehow placed in a double bind, they are supposed to be sexy and virginal, experienced and naive, seductive and pure.

48、在被誤導性的廣告所描繪的世界里，愛戀和激情全然為產品擁有，性成了商品，其中 年輕女子則成了最大的犧牲者。Misleading advertisements and commercials depict a world in which love and passion are reserved solely for products, in which sexuality becomes a commodity, and in which young women are the worst victims.9-3大學精神The University Spirit1、extract the be

49、st and explore the greatest取精用弘 從大量材料中選取精華充分加以運用 2、interrelated educational program互相聯系的教育計劃（本文）將教學與研究融合在一起的教育計劃3、disseminate knowledge傳播知識disseminate: 散布 to scatter widely or to spread abroad4、short-sighted近視的，目光短淺的5、live up at the edge of technology始終置身于技術前沿6、discontinuity 突變事例discontinuity:原義是指斷斷

50、續續：不連貫，不團結7、fanciful visionary浮想連篇的思想家visionary:空想家，夢想者，愛幻想的人8、uninhabited executor 不受常規約束的實干家 knowledge-based economy:矢口識經濟 uninhibited minds:開放的思想the frontier of discovery:探索的前沿 disseminate knowledge:傳播知識 fanciful visionary:浮想聯翩的思想家 revolutionary explorer:富有革命精神的探索家 uninhibited executor:無拘無束的實干家Go

51、od afternoon!下午好！今天很榮幸我在此向各位校長同行以及各位領導發表演講。I am delighted to be here to address may fellow university presidents as well as our official guests.全世界都處在一個大變革的時代。全球化的趨勢、亞洲的崛起、技術在驅動經濟發展 中所起的關鍵作用、各行各業變化腳步的加快、新知識經濟的到來-所有這一切都在改變著 世界。We around the world live in a time of great change. Globalization, the ris

52、e of Aisa, the critical role of technology as an economic driver, the increasing pace of change in industries and careers, and new knowledge-based economies are reshaping lives around the world.在這個經濟全球化的時代背景下，大學將扮演怎樣的角色呢？大學生將如何通過旨在 提高生活質量、推動經濟發展的創新活動進而推動社會的進步呢？在這個日新月異、充滿變 數的社會，大學又將如何培養那些善于取精用弘的學生呢？今

53、天我演講的重點是大學創新與 研究的作用，因為創新是大學精神之所在，同時也是經濟增長和新技術產生的主要原因。What will the role of universities be in thid globalized economy? How will they contribute to improving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will ex

54、tract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society? Most of my remarks will focus on the role of innovation and research in the university since that is the university spirit, as well as the primary source of economic growth and new technologies.我們應該認識到，本科生教育和研究生教育都與研究緊密相連。

55、我們的教育應該為學 生創造一種可以探尋新知識、帶來新發現的氛圍。將教學與研究融合在一起的教育可以培養 一批活躍在探索前沿、聰穎開放的青年才俊。一屆又一屆的大學畢業生可以向社會傳播發明 創造的知識。It is important to remember that undergraduate education and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research. Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere

56、characterized by the pursuit of new knowledeg and process of discovery. An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young, bright and uninhibited minds to work on the frontier of discovery. The process of graduation will disseminate the knowledge of new discoveries and innovations.大學應該

57、發揮創造新知識的作用，應該發揮促進新發現的作用。我們應該讓新發現的 成果走出研究所，為社會進步做出貢獻。教學型大學已有800年的歷史，而研究型大學只有 400年的歷史。盡管如此，大學在從事研究方面所邁出的步伐遠遠領先于教學，而且很明顯， 大學的研究型發展趨勢將持續下去。The role of university must be that of the creator of new knowledge and of the promoter of discovery. We must ensure that the benefits of discovery can be transplant

58、ed beyond the walls of the academy where they can contribute to the progress of the society. Institutions that provide education at college level have existed for at least 800 years. But research institutions have existed perhaps for only half of that time. Nonetheless the research we performed has

59、grown and changed even more significantly than our teaching mission. It is clear that the changes are likely to continue.我們一次又一次地看到，尤其在過去的十年里，大學通過創造出具有市場應用價值的 技術不僅可以造福社會，而且也可以推動經濟增長。Its observed many times, especially over the last decade, that universities can be both contributions to the society a

60、s well as facilitators for economic growth through the creation of technologies that are exploited in the marketplace.雖然社會是始終將大學視為勞動培養與培訓的基地，但是大學作為發明創造的源泉， 社會對其依賴程度在過去幾十年中日益突顯，這種依賴可以成為21世紀社會對大學的期望。While society has always relied on univernities to produce and educate the workforce, the reliance on u