1、英語語法學習秘訣英語單詞詞性和句子成分第1頁詞類作用例 詞1. (n.) 名詞表示人或事物名稱。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.)代詞代替名詞、數詞等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speech3. (art.) 冠詞用來限制名詞意義I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.第2頁4. (adj.)形容詞

2、表示人或事物特征或性狀。He is small but he is clever. The red pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.5. (num.)數詞表示數目或次序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.6. (v.) 動詞表示動作或狀態。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.第3頁7. (adv.)副 詞表示動作特征或

3、性狀特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 8. (prep.)介 詞表示名詞、代詞和其它詞之間關系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.第4頁9. (conj.) 連詞連接詞與詞或句與句作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant

4、 .10. (interj.)感嘆詞表示強烈感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !第5頁動詞分類連系動詞實意動詞助動詞情態動詞及物動詞不及物動詞動詞是英語句子關鍵！第6頁Members of a Sentence第7頁一、主語主語（subject）：句子說明人或事物。主語普通位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after scho

5、ol is great fun.句首第8頁1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.二、謂語謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由_ 充當.動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態動詞和助動詞.動詞第9頁情態動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起組成謂語.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.第10頁1）狀態系動詞，用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞He is a

6、 teacher. 2）連續系動詞，用來表示主語繼續或保持一個情況或態度，主要有keep, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持緘默。 系動詞第11頁3）表像系動詞，用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 比如：He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4）感官系動詞，主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 第12頁5）改變系動詞，表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become, g

7、row, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6）終止系動詞，表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。His plan turned out a success. 他計劃終于成功了。第13頁三、賓語賓語：動作行為對象，說明主語做什么。普通放在_或_后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.雙賓語：指人是間接賓語

8、，指物是直接賓語。 He gave me two books.及物動詞介詞第14頁表語：跟在連系動詞后面詞語或從句,用來說明主語身份,特征,狀態.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful .四、表語第15頁定語：用來修飾_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Ever

9、y student has an English book.五、定語名詞第16頁狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目等。 六、狀語第17頁John often came to chat with me( ) As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. ( )She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )Though he is youn

10、g, he knows a lot.( )He came running.( )程度，目地點，伴隨地點，時間讓步方式原因第18頁補語是用于補充說明主語或賓語身份或特征。七、補語Everyone calls him Jack. （賓補）He is called Jack.（主補）第19頁同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面個別名詞或名詞詞組，對前者進行補充說明The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位語第20頁 時態 主動語態普通未來時過去未來時普通現在時普

11、通過去時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時現在完成進行時過去完成進行時未來完成時will dowould dodo / does didis / am / are doingwas / were doinghas / have donehad donehas / have been doinghad been doing will have done第21頁 時態 被動語態普通未來時過去未來時普通現在時普通過去時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時現在完成進行時過去完成進行時未來完成時will be donewould be doneis/am/are donewas/were do

12、neis/am/are being donewas/were being donehas/have been donehad been donewill have been done第22頁一、主語 主語能夠用下面這些形式表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been deci

13、ded yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞代詞數詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式主語，that從句是真正主語第23頁 當不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，防止頭重腳輕，所以慣用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？第24頁 你能劃出以下句子真正主語嗎?你知道翻譯以下句子嗎？1) It is

14、wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come.( ) 說謊是錯誤。爭吵是沒用。誰要來還不確定。第25頁二、賓語 賓語能夠用下面這些形式表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know

15、 what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( )名詞代詞數詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語第26頁三、表語 表語能夠用下面這些形式表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is ou

16、t of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名詞代詞數詞從句形容詞/副詞介詞短語分詞第27頁四、定語 定語能夠用下面這些形式表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a

17、 poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞副詞代詞數詞名詞全部格名詞介詞短語現在分詞第28頁四、定語 定語能夠用下面這些形式表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.

18、( )There are two things to be discussed today. ( )Will you tell us about your teaching plan? ( )This is the very book that I need. ( )過去分詞不定式動名詞從句第29頁五、狀語 狀語能夠用下面這些形式表示：He is often late for class.( )We saw that picture at the cinema.( )He sat there smoking.( )They returned tired and hungry. ( )They

19、did everything they could to save the boys life. ( )Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( )The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度介詞短語，地點分詞，伴隨不定式，目形容詞，狀態讓步狀語從句結果狀語從句第30頁五、狀語 狀語能夠用下面這些形式表示：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. ( )He was angry because we were late( )I

20、f it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時間狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句第31頁六、賓語補足語：I consider Jim a good friend.( )I always find her happy.( )People praised him as a hero.( )I had the TV fixed.( )I saw him entering the building.( )What made you think so?( )Do you want me to go?( )形容詞名詞介詞短語過去分詞現在分詞省略掉to不定式不定式第32頁

21、英語句子種類簡單句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sentence)復合句 (complex sentence)第33頁英語簡單句五 種 基 本 句 型第34頁英語五種基本句型列式以下：基本句型一: (主謂) 基本句型二: (主系表) 基本句型三: (主謂賓) 基本句型四:(主謂間賓直賓) 基本句型五:(主謂賓賓補)第35頁基本句型一 主謂 （S + V）S + VShe cooks.He is working.What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.第36頁基本句型一 主謂SVShecooksH

22、eis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The penwrites smoothly.第37頁基本句型二 主系表S+V+PHe is happy.Every thing looks nice. His face turned red.第38頁基本句型二 主系表SVPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice. His faceturnedred.第39頁基本句型三 主謂賓 S+V+OWe study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said “Good morning.”第40頁基本句型三 主