1、Unit One - StructureThe Participle as an adverbial分詞作狀語分詞作狀語的形式 現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般式完成式主動語態(tài)(not) doing(not) having done /被動語態(tài)(not) done(not) having been done(not) done注意：不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞是沒有被動語態(tài)形式的各種形式的用法及語法意義(1) doing:分詞表達的動作與主句主語成主動關(guān)系,并且與主句謂語動詞表達的動作(基本)同時發(fā)生。e.g. Last weekend, I went shopping, hoping to buy someth

2、ing. (Although) Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. _ (be) short of money, they had to spend the night in a small hotel.Being(2) having done:分詞表達的動作與主句主語成主動關(guān)系,并且發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表達的動作之前(兩動作之間有明顯的時間間隔），或者其本來就是完成時形式。e.g. Having stood there for near an hour, I couldnt buy it without money. (On

3、ce) Having made a promise, you should keep it. Not having received his letter, she decided to write again.(3) having been done:分詞表達的動作與主句主語成被動關(guān)系,并且發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表達的動作之前(兩動作之間有明顯的時間間隔）， 或者其本來就是完成時形式。e.g. Having been told to be careful many times before, I forgot it that day. Having been given more time, I

4、 would have done it better. _ for a long time, the flower is almost dying.A. Having not watered B. Not wateringC. Not having been wateredD. Not been watered使用having done或having been done的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)部分常會出現(xiàn)一些用于表示過去或完成的時間狀語，例如：before, already, for a long time, many times等。竅門 1. _ (compare) with the developed

5、countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of peoples living standard.2. When you are being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. (When) talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person.Compared1. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步，結(jié)果，方式或伴隨狀況等。2. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時， 分詞必須

6、與主句主語有主動或被動的關(guān)系；否則，不能將表示時間、原因、條件、讓步，結(jié)果，方式或伴隨等含義的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 如果分詞短語作表示時間、條件、讓步狀語時，分詞短語前有時可帶when，while，where，as if， even if， although， once， unless， until等連接詞。總結(jié) 通過句意或句子間的關(guān)系來判斷狀語部分（確定使用分詞的部分）；分詞在句中可以作表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等關(guān)系的狀語；使用分詞前務(wù)必判斷分詞動作與主句主語之間是否存在主被動關(guān)系；通過判斷分詞動作與主句主語的主被動關(guān)系，和判斷分詞動作與主語謂語動作發(fā)生時間的先后或同時關(guān)系，來選擇恰當?shù)姆衷~形式；切記：用作狀語關(guān)系的分詞只有以下四種形式doing, done, having done, having been done。解題方法一些慣用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)背下來 generally speaking 一般說來strictly speaking 嚴格說來roughly speaking 大致說來broadly speaking 廣義上說narrowly speaking 狹義上說frankly/ honestly speaking 坦白說，老實說judging from / by 由判斷cons