1、高中化學必備學問點歸納與總結6（Summary and summary of essential knowledge points of senior high school chemistry 6）Summary and summary of essential knowledge points for senior high school chemistry 6.txt Summary and summary of essential knowledge points of senior high school chemistry 6 Twenty-three. Regular knowl

2、edge induction 5. Substances that can react with polymers Derivatives of olefins, dienes, acetylene, styrene, olefins and dienes. 6. The substance that can react with silver mirror The reaction of silver mirror can occur in any molecule with aldehyde group - CHO. 1 all aldehyde RCHO; 2 formic acid,

3、formic acid and formic acid ester; Note: the reaction can be made with the new Cu OH 2, except for the above substances, there are acid strong acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc., neutralization reaction occurs. 7, with bro

4、mine reaction and the bromine fade or change material I organic 1. unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes, alkynes and dienes, styrene, etc.; 2. derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons enol, aldehyde, oleic acid, oleic acid, oleic acid, ester, oil, etc. 3. petroleum products cracking gas, cracking gas, cr

5、acking gasoline, etc.; 4. phenol and homologues because it generated three bromine bromine with substituted phenols precipitation 5. compounds containing aldehyde groups two inorganic 1. - 2 valence sulfur H2S and sulfide; 2. + 4 valence sulfur SO2, H2SO3 and sulfite; 3. + 2 valence iron: 6FeSO43Br2

6、 = 2Fe2 SO4 32FeBr3 6fecl2 3br2 4fecl3 2febr3 變色 2fei2 3br22febr3 2i2 4.zn 、mg等單質 如 mgbr2 - H2O - MgBr2 此外, 其中亦有 mg與 h + 、mg與 hbro 的反應 5. 1 價的碘 氫碘酸及碘化物 變色6.naoh 等強堿 : br2 2oh = = br 7.agno3 bro h2o 8、能使酸性高錳酸鉀溶液褪色的物質 一 有機不飽和烴 烯烴、炔烴、二烯烴、苯乙烯等 ; 苯的同系物 ; 不飽和烴的衍生物 烯醇、烯醛、烯酸、鹵代烴、油酸、油酸鹽、油酸酯等 ; 含醛基的有機物 醛、甲酸、甲

7、酸鹽、甲酸某酯等 ; 石油產品 裂解氣、裂化氣、裂化汽油等 ; 煤產品 煤焦油 ; 自然橡膠 聚異戊二烯 . 二 無機2 價硫的化合物 h2s 、氫硫酸、硫化物 ; 4 價硫的化合物 so2 、h2so3 及亞硫酸鹽 ; 雙氧水 H2O2, 其中氧為 1 價 9、最簡式相同的有機物 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 1.ch: c2h2 和 c6h6 2.ch2: 烯烴和環烷烴 3.ch2o: 甲醛、乙酸、甲酸甲酯、葡萄糖h2no: 飽和一元醛 或飽和一元酮 與二倍于其碳原子數和飽和一元羧酸或酯 ; One example: acetaldehyde C2H4O and butyric

8、acid and their isomers C4H8O2 10, isomers several compounds have the same molecular formula, but have different structural formula 1, alcohol ether CnH2n+2Ox 2 - keto aldehyde, alkylene oxide cyclic ether CnH2nO 3, carboxylic ester - hydroxy aldehyde CnH2nO2 4, amino acid nitro alkane 5, mono olefin

9、 naphthenic CnH2n 6 - CnH2n-2, dienes Alkynes 11. The substance and reaction condition that can substitute reaction 1. alkanes and halogen elements: halogen vapor, light; 2. homologues of benzene and benzene and halogen elements: Fe as catalyst; Concentrated nitric acid: water bath at 5060 degrees;

10、concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst Concentrated sulfuric acid: water bath at 7080 degrees centigrade; Hydrolysis of 3. halogenated hydrocarbons: aqueous solution of NaOH; Reaction of 4. alcohols with hydrogen halides: new hydrogen halide acids acidic conditions; Hydrolysis of 5. esters: catalyze

11、d by inorganic acids or bases; 6. phenol and concentrated water dehydration reaction of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric replaced. acid at 140 DEG C when it is Twenty-four, use of water in the experiment 1.: Seal in the middle school chemistry experiment, a small amount of white phosphorus bromine

12、need water, filled with water storage jar, through the water cover, can be isolated from the air to prevent the escape of vapours and white phosphorus, keep it light in contrast; During the extremely volatile and toxic, it is smaller in water solubility, heavier than water, so the water can reduce t

13、he volatilization. 2. bath: phenolic resin preparation boiling water bath; preparation of nitrobenzene 50 - 60 DEG C, hydrolysis of ethyl acetate 70 to 80 DEG C, hydrolysis of sucrose 70 to 80 DEG C, determination of potassium nitrate solubility at room temperature to 100 DEG C need to control the t

14、emperature of the thermometer; silver mirror the reaction with water bath heating can be. 3. water collection: drainage gas collection method can collect insoluble or insoluble gas, there are 02, H2, C2H4, C2H2, CH4, NO in middle school. Some gases have a certain solubility in water, but they can ad

15、d a substance in water to reduce their solubility, for example, the chlorine can be collected by the method of saturated salt water. 4. water washing: removal of soluble impurities in some insoluble gases by water washing, such as removal of N02 impurities in NO gas. 5.: can use some identification

16、of material identification, in water density or different solubility such as: colorless liquid benzene, ethanol was three bottles of no label, the identification of water floating in the water is benzene, dissolved in water is ethanol, submerged under water is bromethyl. It can be distinguished by w

17、ater solubility heat, such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium nitrate, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate, only water can be used for identification. 6. leak detection: after the gas generator is connected, the principle of thermal expansion and contraction is applied, and the water can be checked for

18、 leakage. Twenty-six. The general formula and main chemical properties of various organic compounds CnH2n+2 C - C only containing alkane bond and halogen substitution reaction, etc., the thermal decomposition reaction with acid and alkali, bromine, Potassium Permanganate CnH2n olefin containing C=C bond and other halogen addition reaction, oxidation reaction