1、名詞與量詞不可數名詞：部分為液體類，氣體類的物質單詞（沒有復數形式）液體：tea coffee juice Coke milk water soup氣體： air gas肉類：chicken （表“雞肉”時為不可數名詞，表“小雞”時為可數名詞）fish （表“魚肉”時為不可數名詞，表“魚”時為可數名詞）pork beef meat 總稱：food fruit 其它： rain wind snow lightpizza pasta salad bread toast porridge rice chocolate ice-cream broccoligrass （小草） money paper.

2、名詞復數形式：. +s. o （有生命），x, s, sh, ch +es.輔音加y結尾，改y為i+es.改fe或f為v+es.單復數同形fish sheep deer people family（作為“家人”解釋時） Chinese Japanese.特殊man -men fireman-firemen policeman-policemen postman- postmen snowman-snowmen woman -women policewoman - policewomengoose - geese foot -feet tooth - teeth ox- oxen child -

3、 children mouse-mice.名詞的所有格. 般情況，在名詞的末尾加s （ the boyTs bag ）.以s結尾的復數名詞末尾加（the boys5 books ）.表示幾個人共同擁有的東西，只在最后一個名字后加s如： Tom and Ben bedroom（湯姆與本共同擁有的臥室）.分別擁有的東西就在每個名字后各自加飛如： Tom、bedroom and Ben bedroom （湯姆的臥室和本的臥室）5,沒有生命的東西的所有格 通常用“of+名詞”的方法來表示。如：the cover of the book （書的封面）注：姓氏的復數形式前面加the表示“一家人”如：the

4、 Whites （懷特一家人）姓或名字后加所有格有時可以表示 地點。如：Lefs eat at Jimmys （我們去Jimmy餐廳吃飯吧Im going to Miss Lins.（我準備去林老師家。）.量詞aplate of（一盤）7.a bowl of（ 一”碗）a piece of（一片/ 張）8. a bag of （ 一袋）apair of（ 對/ 雙）9.a box of （箱）acup of（一茶杯）aglass of（一玻璃杯）abottle of（一瓶）注： 量詞的后面+不可數名詞（單數）/可數名詞（復數） 如： a bag of ricea bag of apples當量

5、詞數量超過一時，量詞也要跟著用復數形式。 如：two glassy ofsome bottles of二.形容詞與副詞（一）單音節及部分雙音節單詞的形容詞及副詞比較級與最高級變化規律：直接+er/est.以e結尾+ r/st.重讀閉音節單詞（通常以輔元輔結尾）雙寫末尾字母+er/est（如：wetter, hotter,fatter）.輔音加y結尾改y為i+er/est.特殊（不規則）（二）雙音節（部分）與多音節單詞形容詞、副詞比較級與最高級變化規律：比較級最高級more +原形most+原形（三）修飾比較級的詞：mucha little + 比較級a lot（四）表示“越來越”bigger

6、and biggerhappier and happiermore and moreless and leesmore and more slowlymore and more beautifulmore and more boring（五）不規則的形容詞詞、副詞比較級與最高級：wellbetterbest*goodbetterbestmanymoremost*badworseworstfarfartherfarthest*littlelessleast（六）部分雙音節形容詞、副詞的比較級與最高級:slowlymore slowlymost slowlycrowdedmore crowdedm

7、ost crowded*famousmore famousmost famousquicklymore quicklymost quickly*patientmore patientmost patientexcitedmore excitedmost excited boringmore boring most boring（七）其他,形容詞修飾名詞，常放在名詞前。（ a beautiful girl ）.副詞修飾動詞，常放在動詞后面。（run fast ）.兩者之間用比較級，三者或三者以上通常用最高級。如： Who can run faster, Ben or Tom?Who can ru

8、n fastest, Ben, Tom, or Yongxian?.比較級的句子通常有標志詞“than”。.最高級的句子通常有標志詞“ the”（形容詞最高級才有，副詞沒有），表范圍限制的介詞“ in、on、 of如：She is the prettiest of the three.（她是三個人當中最漂亮的。）Elephants are the biggest animals on land.He runs most slowly in his class.（副詞的最高級前面沒有the”）三.介詞與連詞（一）介詞1.表時間：at：在幾點on：在某一天in：在某個月、季節、學期、年from.t

9、o.： 從.至ljfor：做事情做了多長時間，during： 在期間.表方位：in , on, beside, under, 里面上面旁邊下面.表地點：at:在（后面加小的地點）in:在（后面加大的地點）.介詞短語leave for離開到start for出發到look for 尋找agree with 同意catch up with 趕上.help sb. with 幫某人某事help yourself to 隨便吃.get to 到達（二）連詞持續多久behind , in front of, near, between, opposite, against后面前面 附近 兩者之間對面 靠

10、著(at school, at the library)(in China, in Guangzhou)in the morning /afternoon / evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上at noon / night 在中午 / 夜晚close to / next to 靠近on the left / right在左邊 / 右邊from the left / right 從左邊 / 右邊ask for .索取wait for.等待on the farm在農場上and ：和（并列關系）or：或者（選擇關系）but：但是（轉折關系）when:當,then：然后before:在之前aft

11、er：在之后because ：因為so：所以if：假如四.代詞、冠詞與數詞（-）代詞人稱代詞我你他她它我們它/她/他們主格Iyouhesheitwethey賓格meyouhimheritusthem物主 代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的它/他/她們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs.人稱代詞主格：一般在句子中做主語，放在動詞前面。（疑問句則放在動詞后面）如： She and I are good friends .Is she a clever girl?賓格：一般在句子中做賓語，放在動詞或介詞后面。如：Giv

12、e me a book.I am waiting for him.物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞：修飾名詞，放在名詞前面。（如：my book , their teacher ） 名詞性物主代詞：后面不能加名詞，可單獨使用，常放在句子末尾或動詞前面。如： Your book is better than mine.My book is interesting. Hers is boring. （ hers 在這里意思為 her book）（-）冠詞.不定冠詞a、an1）表示一類人或事物，不具體指哪一個。如：She is a teacher.2）表示數量如： I have a cat and two

13、rabbits.3）用在固定搭配里。如： a lot of, a little , have a cold, take a rest4)元音發音開頭的單詞用“an”，輔音發音開頭的單詞用“a”。(一般情況以a, e, io, u結尾的單詞用 “an”)如： an egg, an English teacher, an apple.定冠詞the1)特指某個具體的人或事物。(如： The book on the table is mine)2)已經提過的人或事物。(如：I have a cat. The cat is lovely.)3)用在序數詞、形容詞最高級的前面。(I live on the

14、 third floor. Guangzhou is the best city.)4)用在世界獨一無二的事物前。(the sun, the moon, the earth )5)用在樂器前。( play the guitar, play the piano )(三)數詞.基數詞：表數量 (one , two , three.).序數詞： 表順序(first, second, third.)一、二、三 特殊記，first, second third(,八去t ,九去e, ve要用f替。見y改為i和e ,詞尾加上tho若是遇見幾十兒，只變各位就可以。(first, second, third,

15、eighth, ninth, fifth, twentieth forty-first)五.動詞(一)情態動詞：can, could, may, must, need, will, would, should, + 動原cant, couldnt mustnt, neednt, wont, shouldnt + 動原.情態動詞表示說話人的語氣與情態。.情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。如：I / She / He / They can run.注意：用must來提問，肯定回答用must,否定的回答多用neednt 如： Must I borrow books with a library card?

16、Yes, you must.Must I borrow books with an ID card?No. you neednt.(二)be動詞be動詞口訣：.在一般現在時中：I 用 am, you 用 are, is 連著 he, she, it.單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are.變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。.在過去時中：I 用 was, you 用 were, was 連著 he, she, it.單數名詞用was,復數名詞全用were（=）行為動詞.行為動詞主要表示主語的動作和狀態。如：stand, come, d

17、ie, go, run, sit, put, borrow, buy.行為動詞可分為及物動詞（vt.）和不及物動詞（vi.）.及物動詞指的是后面能跟賓語的動詞。.不及物動詞指的后面不能跟賓語的動詞。六.一般過去時. 一般過去時的定義：表示過去發生的事情和動作。.動詞由原形變為過去式的規律（即動詞過去式）：1） +ed（如：watched ）2）以e結尾+ d （如liked）3）重讀閉音節單詞（通常以輔元輔結尾）雙寫末尾字母+ed（如：stopped）4）輔音加y結尾的單詞改y為i+ed（如：studied）5）不規則（及特殊形式）：（見六年級下冊P90）get-got go- went ha

18、ve-hadeat- ate fly-flew blow-blew（剛才）get-got go- went have-hadeat- ate fly-flew blow-blew（剛才）（昨天）（昨天早上/下午/晚上）（上個月/上個星期/去年）（今天上午/下午/晚上）（之前）（在2000年）（以前I.以前）. 一般過去時常用的時間狀語： just now yesterdayyesterday morning / afternoon / evening last month./ week / year.this morning / afternoon / evening .ago in 2000

19、 before / before.一般過去時的句型： 肯定句：（動詞用過去式） She was at home yesterday evening. We were busy just now.He did his homework last night.didnt + 動原；be 動詞的否定： wasnt , didnt + 動原；be 動詞的否定： wasnt , werent ）She wasn7 at home yesterday evening.We weren 7 busy just now.He didn7 do his home work last night.They did

20、n 7 play football yesterday.Was/ Were .)疑問句：(行為動詞的疑問句：did+動原；be動詞的疑問：Was/ Were .)Was she at home yesterday evening?Were you busy just now?Did he do his homework last night?Did they play football yesterday?Where did he go yesterday?How did you go to school this morning?七.一般將來時(-)一般將來時的定義：表示將要做，打算做，準備

21、做的事.(-)一般將來時的結構：嗡配going to +動詞原形(is / are / am going to + 動詞原形)1)肯定句I am going to go lo school tomorrow.He is going to play football this afternoon .She is going to do some reading.They are going to see the white tiger next Sunday.We are going lo surf the Net this evening.Sally is going to swim this

22、 afternoon.The girl is going to go to the park with her friend tomorrow.2)否定句isnt / arent / am not / going to + 動詞原形如：She isnt going to swim tomorrow.They arent going to swim next weekend.3)特殊疑問句What are you going lo do ?How are you going to get there?What time is your train going to leave for Hong

23、Kong?What time are you going to go to school tomorrow?4) 一般疑問句Is she going to go to school tomorrow? Yes, she is . / No, she isnt.Are you going to play football tomorrow? Yes , I am. / No, I am not.Am I going to get to school by bus tomorrow? Yes, you are. / No, you arent.2. will +動詞原形.肯定句I will go

24、to school tomorrow.He will play football this afternoon .She will do some reading.They wi see the white tiger next Sunday.否定句：wont +動詞原形3）一般疑問句Will you go to school tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I wont.surfYes,疑問第三人稱單數其他人稱Will she the Net tomorrow? she will / No, she wont4）特殊 句When肯定句動詞加s或es (does)動詞

25、原形(do)否定句doesnl+動詞原形dont +動詞原形疑問句does+動詞原形do+動詞原形卬/ you ger there?Who 卬/ go with you?What will you do on holiday?一（三）.一般將來時常用時間狀語：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow , this （next） morning /Sunday/ week.八.一般現在時一般現在時的定義：表示經常性、習慣性的動作或現在的狀態特征。一般現在時常見標志詞：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, seldom, eve

26、ry.一般現在時基本句型結構：is/aMam+動詞原形當主語是第三人稱單數時，一般現在時的動詞變化的規律：1) 一般情況加S,例如：visit - visits tell - tells work - works wave - waves2)以s, x, sh, ch, o結尾的動詞，加es,例如:wash - washes watch - watches catch - catchesteach-teachesfixfixesguess-guesses go-goes do-does3）以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，改y為i加es,例如： fly - flies study - studies4

27、）特殊情況have - has.當主語是第三人稱單數時，一般現在時的特殊疑問:How doesHow does he go to work ?Who hands in the homework?，了 Whose friend practices the piano?Which school does she study at ?Whal time does he get up?Where does she live?He gets up at six.She lives in Renmin Road.He goes to work by bus.Jiamin .Jane s friend.Sh

28、e studies at Mo. 2 School.當主語是第三人稱單數時，一般現在時的肯定句，否定句和一般疑問句的變化，例如: I eat_ dinner at six. He eats dinner at six too. I don i eai dinner at six. He doesnt eat dinner at six either.Do you eat dinner at six?Does he eat dinner at six?九.現在進行時.定義：表示動作正在進行。.現在進行時常用標志詞：now, listen , look, see.動詞ing形式（即現在分詞）構成規

29、律：1）一般情況加ingre d-re ading,pl ay-pl ay i ng2）去e加ing如：write-writing,have-having, take-taking, make-making3）重讀閉音節單詞（輔音+元音+輔音結尾），雙寫末尾字母加ing如： sitting, putting, getting, beginning, running, swimming, shopping, skipping, stopping4）以ie結尾，將ie改為y再加ing如： die-dying, lie-lying.現在進行時的結構：be doing （即：is/ are/ am +

30、動詞ing ）.基本句型：1）肯定句：I am singing now.She is singing now.They are singing now.2）否定句：I am nol singing now.She isnt singing now.They arent singing now.3） 般疑問句Are you singing?Is she singing?Are they singing?4）特殊疑問句What are you doingWhat are they doing ?What fs she doing?How are you going there?What book

31、are you reading?.部分縮寫形式：is not = isnt are not= aren5t I am = Tm she is = shes he is = hes you are = youre it is = its. am和is在句子末尾時不能縮寫，即不能出現“Yes, Pm. Yes, ifs. w之類的回答。十.There be句型與祈使句（一）There be 句型1,定義：There be句型表示“某地有某人或某物”.肯定句：現在有：There is/are +事物/人物+地點/時間過去有：There was / were +事物/人物+ 地點/時間將來有：There is /are going to be +事物/人物+地點/時間There will be +事物/人物+ 地