1、氣象科技英語翻譯練習參考譯文第1頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四1內容及安排：1、怎樣作學術論文報告？2、氣象科技英語的基本詞句。3、科技英語表述的各個方面簡介。4、氣象科技英語翻譯練習。第2頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關系摘要:采用19582000年華南57站前汛期日降水資料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽輸送再分析資料,分析了華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關系,并對旱、澇年進行了比較分析。結果表明:華南地區經向水汽輸送的異常變化將導致該地區的異常旱澇,而緯向水汽輸送的異常變化只導致該地區出現小范圍的降水異常。旱年和

2、澇年的異常水汽輸送不是簡單的反位相關系。來自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽對華南地區前汛期的降水異常沒有明顯的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是華南降水異常的關鍵區。關鍵詞:華南前汛期;水汽輸送;降水異常(1)第3頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四An analysis on the relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in south China and the water vapor transportationAbstract: The relation between the

3、 precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China and the water vapor transportation is analyzed by using the daily precipitation data of 57 stations in South China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data for water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000, and the differences between the

4、 drought year and flood year are studied. The results show that the meridian anomaly of water vapor transportation in south China causes drought or flood of south China, but the longitudinal anomaly only cause local precipitation anomaly, and that the water vapor transportation of drought years is n

5、ot out-of-phase with that of flood years, and that the water vapor coming from the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific do not perform an obvious function on the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China, the South China sea (particularly the north of it ) is the key area leading t

6、o the precipitation anomaly of the South China.Key words: the first flood period of South China; water vapor transportation; precipitation anomaly華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關系摘要:采用19582000年華南57站前汛期日降水資料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽輸送再分析資料,分析了華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關系,并對旱、澇年進行了比較分析。結果表明:華南地區經向水汽輸送的異常變化將導致該地區的異常旱澇,而緯向水汽輸送的異常變化只導致該地區出現小范

7、圍的降水異常。旱年和澇年的異常水汽輸送不是簡單的反位相關系。來自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽對華南地區前汛期的降水異常沒有明顯的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是華南降水異常的關鍵區。關鍵詞:華南前汛期;水汽輸送;降水異常(1)第4頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Relation between Precipitation Anomalies and Water Vapor Transportations during the first flood period in south China Abstract: The relationship between the prec

8、ipitation anomaly and water vapor transportation of the first flood period in South China as well as their comparative features between the drought year and flood year is investigated on the basis of the 57 station daily precipitations in South China and the NCEPNCAR reanalysis daily data for water

9、vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000. Results show that the anomalies of meridianal water vapor transportation in south China is responsible for the widespread drought or flood over that region, while the zonal transport changes only cause precipitation anomalies in a smaller or local areas, and t

10、hat the water vapor transportation feature in drought years is not simply just an out-of-phase contrast to that of flood years. Evidence further suggests that it is not the water vapor coming from the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans, but that from the key area of South China Sea, particularly its

11、north part, that plays an critical role in causing the precipitation anomalies during the first flood period in South China.Key words: the first flood period of South China; water vapor transportation; precipitation anomaly華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關系摘要:采用19582000年華南57站前汛期日降水資料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽輸送再分析資料,分析了華南前汛期降水異常

12、與水汽輸送的關系,并對旱、澇年進行了比較分析。結果表明:華南地區經向水汽輸送的異常變化將導致該地區的異常旱澇,而緯向水汽輸送的異常變化只導致該地區出現小范圍的降水異常。旱年和澇年的異常水汽輸送不是簡單的反位相關系。來自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽對華南地區前汛期的降水異常沒有明顯的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是華南降水異常的關鍵區。關鍵詞:華南前汛期;水汽輸送;降水異常(1)第5頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四天氣雷達定量估測降水量不同方法效果評估摘要:將黃河淮河洪水暴雨監測預報系統降水估測模式得出的規則網格點上的降水與雨量計實測值進行比較,結果表明:將地面雨量計值作為真值,

13、則聯合校準法和最優插值校準法得出的降水量計算精度最高,變分法得到的結果不是很理想,卡爾曼濾波校準法和平均校準法的計算精度低于聯合校準法和最優插值校準法,Z-I關系法的精度最低。關鍵詞:天氣雷達;區域降水;方法評估(2)第6頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Evaluation of the Precision of Weather Radar Rainfall Estimation AlgorithmsAbstract：Precipitation on ordered grid point which is obtained from the Radar Estimati

14、ng Precipitation model (REP) of Huang River and Huaihe River is compared with in situ data of a rain-gage network. The results show that if we take the value of ground rain-gage as real value, then the method of optimal interpolation and joint adjusting method have the lowest root mean square errors

15、, while the results of variational method are not very well due to parameter choosing. The calculating precision of Kalman filter method and average method are lower than joint adjusting method and optimal interpolation method. The method of Z- I has the highest root mean square errors.Keywords: wea

16、ther radar, regional precipitation, evaluation methods天氣雷達定量估測降水量不同方法效果評估摘要:將黃河淮河洪水暴雨監測預報系統降水估測模式得出的規則網格點上的降水與雨量計實測值進行比較,結果表明:將地面雨量計值作為真值,則聯合校準法和最優插值校準法得出的降水量計算精度最高,變分法得到的結果不是很理想,卡爾曼濾波校準法和平均校準法的計算精度低于聯合校準法和最優插值校準法,Z-I關系法的精度最低。關鍵詞:天氣雷達;區域降水;方法評估(2)第7頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Evaluation of the Preci

17、sion ofWeather Radar Rainfall EstimationsAbstract: Calculating precision comparison is conducted of the ordered grid point rainfall based on the Radar Estimating Precipitation model (REP) for monitoring and predicting the torrential rainfall over the Huanghe and Huaihe Rivers to the in situ raingaug

18、e network precipitation. Results show that if the ground raingauge value is taken as real, then the root mean square errors in the model is least for the optimal interpolation and joint calibration methods, much larger for the Kalman filter and average methods and largest for the Z-I method, while t

19、he results of variational method are not good enough to evaluate due to the parameter choosing. Key words: weather radar; regional precipitation; evaluation of methods天氣雷達定量估測降水量不同方法效果評估摘要:將黃河淮河洪水暴雨監測預報系統降水估測模式得出的規則網格點上的降水與雨量計實測值進行比較,結果表明:將地面雨量計值作為真值,則聯合校準法和最優插值校準法得出的降水量計算精度最高,變分法得到的結果不是很理想,卡爾曼濾波校準法

20、和平均校準法的計算精度低于聯合校準法和最優插值校準法,Z-I關系法的精度最低。關鍵詞:天氣雷達;區域降水;方法評估(2)第8頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四(3)UV-B增強對冬小麥和菠菜影響的對比試驗摘要:通過大田試驗對比研究了紫外輻射UV-B增強對冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數、干物質累積量的影響以及葉綠素和類黃酮的變化。結果表明:紫外輻射UV-B增強對冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數、干物質累積有著明顯的抑制作用,同時還使葉綠素含量下降,類黃酮含量增加。對比可以看出,UV-B輻射對小麥株高、葉面積、干物質積累以及葉綠素和類黃酮含量的影響小于對菠菜的影響。關鍵詞:

21、UV-B輻射;小麥;菠菜;對比試驗第9頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Comparison of the Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Wheat and SpinachAbstract： The influences of the intensified Ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation , 280320nm ) on wheat and spinach are compared and analyzed in the present article. The results in

22、dicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to restrict the growth of wheat and spinach, shorter their height and smaller leaf area as well as the decreased dry substance accumulation and chlorophyll content while increase their flavonoid content. In addition, the experiment shows that the influence of spin

23、ach is more than wheat. Key words：UV-B radiation；wheat；spinach；contrast testUV-B增強對冬小麥和菠菜影響的對比試驗摘要:通過大田試驗對比研究了紫外輻射UV-B增強對冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數、干物質累積量的影響以及葉綠素和類黃酮的變化。結果表明:紫外輻射UV-B增強對冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數、干物質累積有著明顯的抑制作用,同時還使葉綠素含量下降,類黃酮含量增加。對比可以看出,UV-B輻射對小麥株高、葉面積、干物質積累以及葉綠素和類黃酮含量的影響小于對菠菜的影響。關鍵詞:UV-B輻射;小麥;菠菜;對比試驗

24、(3)第10頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Contrast Experiments of EnhancedUV-B Radiation Effects on Wheat and SpinachAbstract: On the basis of field experiments comparison is conducted for the influences of enhanced Ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation, 280320nm) on the varied growth parameters of wheat an

25、d spinach. Results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to suppress the plants heights and dry matter accumulations, to reduce the chlorophyll contents and leaf areas, and to raise the flavonoid contents. In addition, the enhanced UV-B seems to exerts more impacts on spinach than on wheat.Key words

26、: UV-B radiation; wheat; spinach; contrast experimentUV-B增強對冬小麥和菠菜影響的對比試驗摘要:通過大田試驗對比研究了紫外輻射UV-B增強對冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數、干物質累積量的影響以及葉綠素和類黃酮的變化。結果表明:紫外輻射UV-B增強對冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數、干物質累積有著明顯的抑制作用,同時還使葉綠素含量下降,類黃酮含量增加。對比可以看出,UV-B輻射對小麥株高、葉面積、干物質積累以及葉綠素和類黃酮含量的影響小于對菠菜的影響。關鍵詞:UV-B輻射;小麥;菠菜;對比試驗(3)第11頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20

27、日，8點26分，星期四南寧市酸雨特征及來源分析摘要:通過對酸雨觀測資料和污染源資料的統計分析,并利用拉格朗日煙團模式計算表明,南寧市酸雨的頻率較高,pH值較小;南寧市酸雨的來源構成以外來源為主。運用天氣學診斷方法,對氣象要素影響酸雨來源進行了分析,結果表明,南寧市酸雨主要受東北方污染源影響,且冬春兩季的影響最大,風頻及逆溫對酸雨的影響較大。在上述分析的基礎上,總結出近兩年大氣環流影響酸雨的幾種類型,其中以高空槽鋒面型為最多,酸雨影響程度也最嚴重。關鍵詞:酸雨;污染來源;特征分析(4)第12頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Analysis on the character

28、istics and originationof acid rain in Nanning CityAbstract: The frequency of Nanning acid rain was quiet high and the value of pH was low with the analysis of observation acid rain data in this paper; pollution source of Nanning acid rain was mainly due to the external pollution source according the

29、 statistic analysis of pollution source data and the acid deposition model; as for meteorological factors, the cause of acid rain by employing synoptic diagnosis, was mainly affected by the northeast pollution source, especially in winter and spring. The wind frequency and temperature inversion were

30、 major cause of acid rain as well. Based on above analysis, we concluded several types of circulation that affecting acid rain,the aloft through-cold front is the main type.Key words: acid rain ; pollution source; characteristics analysis南寧市酸雨特征及來源分析摘要:通過對酸雨觀測資料和污染源資料的統計分析,并利用拉格朗日煙團模式計算表明,南寧市酸雨的頻率較高

31、,pH值較小;南寧市酸雨的來源構成以外來源為主。運用天氣學診斷方法,對氣象要素影響酸雨來源進行了分析,結果表明,南寧市酸雨主要受東北方污染源影響,且冬春兩季的影響最大,風頻及逆溫對酸雨的影響較大。在上述分析的基礎上,總結出近兩年大氣環流影響酸雨的幾種類型,其中以高空槽鋒面型為最多,酸雨影響程度也最嚴重。關鍵詞:酸雨;污染來源;特征分析(4)第13頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Characteristics and Origin of the Acid Rain in Nanning CityAbstract: The statistical analysis and

32、simulations of the acid rain in Nanning are conducted in terms of the observations as well as a Lagrange plume model. Evidence suggests that the acid rain in Nanning, most resulting from the external pollution sources, shows a low PH value and much high occurrence frequency. The synoptic diagnoses f

33、urther indicate that the Nannings acid rain is mainly affected by the northeast pollution source, especially in winter and spring seasons, and two meteorological elements that also exert much influence are the wind frequency and temperature inversion. Based on above analyses, several types of circul

34、ations are classified in the end, among which, the upper trough cold front type is the dominant one that most account for the occurrence and severity of the acid rain in Nanning . Key words: acid rain; pollution source; characteristics analysis南寧市酸雨特征及來源分析摘要:通過對酸雨觀測資料和污染源資料的統計分析,并利用拉格朗日煙團模式計算表明,南寧市酸

35、雨的頻率較高,pH值較小;南寧市酸雨的來源構成以外來源為主。運用天氣學診斷方法,對氣象要素影響酸雨來源進行了分析,結果表明,南寧市酸雨主要受東北方污染源影響,且冬春兩季的影響最大,風頻及逆溫對酸雨的影響較大。在上述分析的基礎上,總結出近兩年大氣環流影響酸雨的幾種類型,其中以高空槽鋒面型為最多,酸雨影響程度也最嚴重。關鍵詞:酸雨;污染來源;特征分析(4)第14頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四一次強暴雨形成的動力機制摘要:分析了1998年7月武漢強暴雨的天氣演變特征,并從理論上初步探討了強暴雨形成的動力機制。結果表明:低空急流先于暴雨生成,暴雨最強時低空急流也最強;高空急流

36、入口區右側及低空急流左側非熱成風梯度的存在,使得中尺度不穩定波的波振幅出現空間不穩定現象,高空急流右側不穩定波的波振幅和低空急流左側不穩定波的波振幅向暴雨區增加,暴雨區恰為這兩支波疊加后振幅最大的區域,高低空急流耦合下的非熱成風、中尺度對流對稱不穩定可能是這類強暴雨產生的動力原因之一。關鍵詞:強暴雨;非地轉風;非熱成風;暴雨增幅(5)第15頁，共18頁，2022年，5月20日，8點26分，星期四Dynamic Analysis on Formation of Torrential Rain Abstract: The paper analyses the weather developing

37、characteristic of torrential rain in Wuhan, and discusses the dynamic mechanism of the torrential rain theoretically. The results show that the low-level jet (LLJ) occurs before the torrential rain. When the torrential rain is the strongest, LLJ is also the strongest. The existence of non-thermal wi

38、nd gradients, which are in the right side of entrance region of upper level jet (ULJ) and the left of LLJ, makes the amplitude of mesoscale instability waves appear spatial instability. When instability waves in the right of ULJ and in the left of LLJ move to the region of the torrential rain, their

39、 amplitude is becoming bigger. Whats more, after superposing of two waves, the amplitude in the region of the torrential rain is the biggest one. Under non-thermal wind of coupling of upper and low level, mesoscale convection symmetric instability must have been one of dynamic mechanism of producing

40、 torrential rain.Key words: torrential rain; ageostrophic; non-thermal wind; heavy rain increasing amplitude一次強暴雨形成的動力機制摘要:分析了1998年7月武漢強暴雨的天氣演變特征,并從理論上初步探討了強暴雨形成的動力機制。結果表明:低空急流先于暴雨生成,暴雨最強時低空急流也最強;高空急流入口區右側及低空急流左側非熱成風梯度的存在,使得中尺度不穩定波的波振幅出現空間不穩定現象,高空急流右側不穩定波的波振幅和低空急流左側不穩定波的波振幅向暴雨區增加,暴雨區恰為這兩支波疊加后振幅最大的區域,高低空急流耦合下的非熱成風、中尺度對流對稱不穩定可能是這類強暴雨產生的動力原因之一。關鍵詞:強暴雨;非地轉風;非熱成風;暴雨增幅(5