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1、非謂語動詞是高考語法填空和短文改錯必考熱點語法項目之一。現結合典型考題對非謂語動詞的考點進行梳理和總結,幫助大家明確考點,找出解題規律和方法。一、考查非謂語動詞作主語能作主語的非謂語動詞有不定式和動名詞。兩者的區別是:表示某一具體的動作時,多用不定式;表示比較抽象的一般的行為傾向時,多用動名詞。當動名詞或不定式短語較長時,常用it作形式主語放在句首而把動名詞或不定式短語放于句末。【典例】_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析:

2、Ignoring。分析句子結構可知,本句的謂語動詞是will be,因此前面部分是主語,應該使用動名詞短語作主語。二、考查非謂語動詞作賓語不定式和動名詞都可作動詞或介詞的賓語。有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語,如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。有些動詞后只跟動名詞作賓語,如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, for

3、give, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand等。有些動詞或動詞短語后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟動名詞作賓語,如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等,但意義上有區別。【典例1】I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析:wear改為wearing。介詞by后應接動名詞作賓語。【典例2】After receiving the Oscar for Best Support

4、ing Actress, Anne Benedict went on _ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 解析:to thank。go on后接to do或doing作賓語均可,但是go on doing sth.表示“繼續不停地做某事或間斷后繼續做原來沒有做完的事”;而go on to do sth.表示“接著做另一件事”,即接下去做與原來不同的一件事。由語境可知,Anne Benedict在拿獎后又繼續做另一件事,即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”,故用go on to do sth.。【典例3】I cant stand _

5、(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works.解析:working; to stop。cant stand后接動名詞作賓語,意思是“不能忍受做某事”;refuse后接不定式作賓語,意思是“拒絕做某事”。三、考查非謂語動詞作賓補和主補能作賓補和主補的非謂語動詞有不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞。用哪種非謂語動詞形式往往取決于句中動詞所使用的句型和不同的非謂語動詞所表示的時態和語態意義。一般來說,不定式的一般式表示將來意義,不定式的完成式表示過去意義;現在分詞表示主動或進行意義;

6、過去分詞表示被動或完成意義。解題時可根據句中非謂語動詞所表示的時間意義和與其邏輯主語的主被動關系選擇合適的非謂語動詞。【典例1】Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _ (take) good care of at home.解析:taken。分析句子結構可知,此處是“see+賓語+賓補”結構。此處his mother和take good care of之間是被動關系,故填表示被動意義的過去分詞。【典例2】To learn English well,

7、we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak) as much as we can.解析:spoken。作賓補的非謂語動詞speak與其邏輯主語English之間含有邏輯上的動賓關系,故應使用表示被動意義的過去分詞。四、考查非謂語動詞作定語不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語,主要區別在于它們的時態意義和語態意義不同。一般來說,不定式表示將來意義,用于表示尚未發生的動作;現在分詞表示其邏輯主語主動發出的動作,并含有進行意義;而過去分詞表示的是其邏輯主語的被動和完成的動作。【典例1】To return to the problem o

8、f water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012. 解析:conducted。分析句子結構可知,括號中的動詞在句中作定語,修飾study,應使用非謂語形式。study與conduct之間是被動關系,故填過去分詞。【典例2】In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _(hide) within the work.解析:hidden。考查非謂語動詞作定語。本句中名詞短語a secret mess

9、age與動詞hide構成被動關系,所以使用過去分詞hidden作定語,相當于定語從句“that is hidden.”。【典例3】The park was full of people _(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 解析:enjoying。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。enjoy的邏輯主語是people,人們玩得開心是主動的,因此填表示主動意義的現在分詞enjoying作定語,相當于定語從句“who were enjoying.”。【典例4】There are still many problems _ (solve) before we are rea

10、dy for a long stay on the Moon. 解析:to be solved。根據句意可知,還有很多問題要解決。表示將來,應使用不定式,再根據solve與其邏輯主語之間的被動關系可知,應使用不定式的被動形式,故填to be solved。五、考查非謂語動詞作狀語不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語。作什么樣的狀語往往取決于他們的位置和在句中的意義。不定式短語放在句首多作目的狀語,在句末可作目的或結果狀語。現在分詞短語放在句首多作原因、條件、時間、讓步等狀語,在句末多作方式、伴隨狀語,也可作結果狀語。過去分詞短語放在句首多表示時間、條件、原因等,放在句末表示對前面的情況起補充說

11、明作用,同時與句子主語具有被動關系。【典例1】_ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. 解析:To make。根據句意可知,前半部分作目的狀語,表目的用動詞不定式,故填To make。【典例2】Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _(turn) the old town into a dreamland. 解析:turning。句中已經有謂語動詞且前后句間沒有連詞連接,故使用非謂語動詞。根據邏輯關系可知表示主動意義,故用現在

12、分詞。【典例3】_ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.解析:Ordered。分析句子結構可知,空格處應使用非謂語動詞短語作狀語。order的邏輯主語是句子的主語the books,兩者之間含有被動意義,故填過去分詞形式。六、考查非謂語動詞作表語分詞作表語時,看分詞與主語的關系。若是主謂關系,用現在分詞;若是被動關系,用過去分詞。另外,要注意一組動詞(amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify,

13、 inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch等)的用法。其同根形容詞有現在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式。現在分詞表示主語所具有的特征,意思是“令人的”;過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態,意思是“(某人)感到的”。【典例1】At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day!” Mom was grateful and moving. 解析:moving改為moved。was后接形容詞作表語。此處用and連接兩個形容詞并列作表語。moving雖然也是形容詞,但是通常用于形容或修飾物,意思是“令人感動的”。此處表示媽媽自己“感動”,

14、應使用moved。【典例2】While waiting for the opportunity to get_(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 解析:promoted。get是連系動詞,后接形容詞作表語,根據句意可知,此處表示“被提拔”的意思,故填表示被動意義的過去分詞。七、考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法分詞短語常常可以用在某些連詞如since, when, while, whenever, no matter how, once, until, if等之后,形成狀語從句中的省略現象。使用現在分詞還是過去分詞取決于其與省略的邏輯

15、主語的主被動關系。主動用現在分詞,被動用過去分詞。【典例1】Video games can be a poor influence if _(leave) in the wrong hands. 解析:left。考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法。本題中從句省略了與主句相同的主語Video games,其與動詞leave含有邏輯上的被動關系,故填過去分詞。補充完整為“.if they are left.”。【典例2】 If _ (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon. 解析:accepted。本句中的if條件狀語從句中省略了主語you,與accept

16、構成被動關系,應用過去分詞accepted。補充完整為“If you are accepted.”。八、考查獨立主格結構獨立主格結構在形式上與主句沒有任何關系,但是在意思上卻與主句密切聯系在一起,共同構筑成一個完整的語義環境。獨立主格結構只有邏輯上的主語,沒有真正的主語和謂語,所以在句法上不是句子,而是一個獨立于句子成分之外的特殊結構。獨立主格結構中選用分詞時也是看其與前面邏輯主語的關系來決定的,主動用現在分詞,被動用過去分詞。【典例】Much time _(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by h

17、ealth problems.解析:spent。該題中沒有連詞,中間是逗號,后面是一個完整的句子,因此前面不能是句子,故使用獨立主格結構。邏輯主語time與動詞spend含有邏輯上的被動關系,故使用表示被動意義的過去分詞spent。九、鞏固練習(一)單句填空1. The next thing he saw was smoke _(rise) from behind the house.2. The island, _(join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _(

18、say) nothing about the argument.4. Its important for the figures _(update) regularly.5. _(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.6. Look over there theres a very long, winding path _ (lead) up to the house.7. Recently a survey_(compare) prices of the

19、 same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.8. Tsinghua University, _(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.9. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _(hold).10. Simon made a b

20、ig bamboo box _(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.11. The footballer didnt succeed in scoring, though _(give) several chances by his teammates.12. Micro blogs experienced rapid growth in 2010 in China, with the number of micro blog operators, users and visitors _( increase) several times.

21、13. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _(take)?14. _(catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.15._(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.16. _(absorb) in painting, John didn

22、t notice evening approaching.17. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize).18. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _(find) it didnt fit.19. When it comes to _(speak) in public, no one can match him.20. _(spend) the past year

23、 as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.21. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ (go) for a swim?22. Children, when _(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.23. _(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as impo

24、rtant as learning to convey your affection and emotions.24. They came up with a lot of plans at the meeting, none of them _(carry) out in their work.25. _(expose) to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.26. _(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the

25、 old man suddenly realized he had left the money in the car.27. She would move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face _(shine) with childlike expressions at one of Gods simple wonders.28._(taste) nice, the food was all eaten up soon.29. With lots of problems _(

26、solve) in the class, our teacher looks very relaxed and happy.30. In Singapore, people _(catch) eating or drinking on the subway can be fined up to 500 Singapore dollars.31. Passengers are permitted _(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.32. She said she was unlucky _(miss) the train

27、, and had to spend another day here.33. The Silk Road Economic Belt _(build) aims to enhance economic cooperation, traffic connectivity, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges.34. Environmentalists observe that there is less fresh water for drinking and irrigation, thus _(endanger) agric

28、ulture downstream.35. The parents do everything they can _ (provide) their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.36. I learned that he was 21 years old, _(study) Asian literature and history at Sydney University.37. The little girl, with tears_(roll) down her ch

29、eeks, stopped crying suddenly when given an apple.38. _(attract) by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.39. When he was ready to leave he found his bicycles front tyro flat. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle _(repair).

30、40. Eventually, I decided _(contact) University Student Legal Services for help about this matter.(二)語篇填空1 (keep) a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability.2 (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time. It can help us 3 (devel

31、op) the habit of thinking in English. 4 we persist in this practice, gradually well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 5 (difficult). In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble 6 (find) appropriate words and phras

32、es to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us7 (put) them into English properly.As far as I 8 (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach

33、. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 9 great use to keep a diary in English for 10 development of our writing skills.答案(一)單句填空1. rising。r

34、ise與其邏輯主語smoke是主動關系,而且他所看到的是正在升起的煙,所以用rise的現在分詞形式。2. joined。island和join之間是被動關系,故使用過去分詞。“joined to the mainland by a bridge”相當于定語從句“which is joined to the mainland by a bridge”。3. saying。該句中已有謂語動詞pretended,逗號后再出現動詞應使用非謂語動詞形式。根據其與邏輯主語Sarah的主動關系可知,本空應使用表示主動意義的現在分詞形式。4. to be updated。“Its important fort

35、o do.”是固定句式,再根據figures和update(更新)之間的被動關系可知,本空應使用不定式的被動形式。5. Translated。translate和句子主語the sentence之間是被動關系,故用過去分詞作狀語。6. leading。lead與path之間是邏輯上的主動關系,因此要用現在分詞作定語。7. comparing。分析句子結構可知,主語是a survey,謂語是has caused。故所填成分是充當survey的后置定語。根據survey和compare之間的主動關系可知,本空應填現在分詞形式。8. founded。該句中已有謂語動詞is,此處的found(創辦,成

36、立)應使用非謂語動詞形式。Tsinghua University和found之間是被動關系,故本空應填過去分詞形式。9. to hold。形容詞easy,hard,difficult,comfortable等后面通常接不定式,故填to hold。10. to keep。根據句意可知,此處應使用動詞不定式to keep作目的狀語。11. given。該句though后面是省略用法,動詞give與the footballer構成邏輯上的動賓關系,故本空用過去分詞given,相當于“though the footballer was given several chances by his team

37、mates”。12. increasing。后半句是介詞with的復合結構,the number與increase之間是主動關系,表示狀態的持續,故本空用現在分詞形式。13. taken。take與decisions之間是動賓關系,具有被動意義,因此用take的過去分詞形式作后置定語。14. To catch。根據句意,此處表示目的,故填To catch。15. Raised。raise的邏輯主語是he,兩者之間是被動關系,故填過去分詞形式。16. Absorbed。此處在句中作狀語,根據短語be absorbed in(全神貫注于)可知,需填過去分詞形式。17. being recogniz

38、ed。介詞without后應該使用動詞的動名詞形式。根據句意“不被人認出”可知,本空應該用動名詞的被動形式。18. to find。only與不定式連用表示出乎意料的結果。19. speaking。“When it comes to.”是固定句式,意思是“當談到”。其中的to是介詞,后跟動詞時應使用動名詞形式。20. Having spent。spend與其邏輯主語“Linda”之間是主動關系,故用現在分詞作狀語。且spend的動作明顯早于“看起來成熟”這個動作。表示發生在謂語動作之前的動作,用現在分詞的完成時。21. going。feel like后跟動名詞作賓語,故填going。22. a

39、ccompanied。考查“連詞+分詞”的省略用法。when引導的狀語從句中省略的主語為children,其與accompany(陪伴)之間含有被動意義,故本空填過去分詞形式。23. Understanding。分析句子結構可知,該句的謂語動詞是is,is前面的部分作主語,故應使用動名詞短語作主語。24. carried。分析句子結構可知,前半句的句子結構完整,后半句為獨立主格結構,them指代plans,carry out與plans之間是動賓關系,故填carry的過去分詞形式。25. Being exposed。分析句子結構可知,該句的謂語動詞是is,“whether for an adult or for a teenager”是插入語,插入語的前面部分是主語,應使用動名詞作主語,再根據短語be exposed to(接觸)可知,應填Being exposed。26. Having waited。wait與其邏輯主語the old man構成主動關系,所以使用現在分詞在句中作狀語。而且這是一個已經發生的動作,所以使用現在分詞的完成式。27. shining。考查獨立主格結構。邏輯主語her face與shine之間是主動關系,故填現在分詞形式。2

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