1、ISO 14001:2004ISO 14001:2004環(huán)境管理體系要求及使用指南Environmental management systems-Requirements with guidance for use目錄 前言 引言 1范圍(略) 2引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(略) 3術(shù)語和定義(略) 4環(huán)境管理體系要求4.1總要求 4.2環(huán)境方針 4.3規(guī)劃(策劃) 4.3.1環(huán)境因素4.3.2法律與其它要求4.3.3目標(biāo)、指標(biāo)與管理方案4.4實(shí)施與運(yùn)作 4.4.1資源、角色、職責(zé)與權(quán)限4.4.2能力、培訓(xùn)與意識4.4.3信息溝通4.4.4文件4.4.5文件控制4.4.6運(yùn)行控制4.4.7應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備與響應(yīng)4.5

2、檢查 4.5.2守法評價(jià)4.5.3不符合，糾正措施和預(yù)防措施4.5.4記錄控制4.5.5內(nèi)部審核 4.6管理評審 附錄A(提示的附錄) 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用指南 附錄B(提示的附錄) ISO 14001:2004與ISO 9001:2000的聯(lián)系 文獻(xiàn)目錄 前言(略) 引言(略) 1范圍(略) 2引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(略) 3術(shù)語和定義(略) 4.環(huán)境管理體系要求 4.1總要求 組織應(yīng)按本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求建立環(huán)境管理體系，形成文件，加以實(shí)施和保持，并持續(xù)改進(jìn)。組織應(yīng)確定如何滿足這些要求。 組織應(yīng)確定環(huán)境管理體系的范圍并形成文件。4.2環(huán)境方針 最高管理者應(yīng)制定組織的環(huán)境方針， 并確保在其確定的環(huán)境管理體系范圍內(nèi): a)適

3、合于組織的種類、規(guī)模，并與其活 動、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的環(huán)境影響相適應(yīng); b)包括對持續(xù)改進(jìn)和污染預(yù)防的承諾; c)包括對遵守適用法律要求和組織應(yīng) 遵守的其它與環(huán)境因素相關(guān)的要求的承諾; d)提供建立和評審環(huán)境目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)的 框架； e)形成文件，付諸實(shí)施并予以保持; f)傳達(dá)到全體為組織工作或代表組織 的人員; g)可為公眾所獲取。 4.3規(guī)劃(策劃) 4.3.1環(huán)境因素 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持程序，用來: a)確定其環(huán)境管理體系范圍內(nèi)的活動 產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中能夠控制和能夠施加影響的環(huán)境因素，此時(shí)還應(yīng)考慮到已納入計(jì)劃的或新的開發(fā)、新的或修改的活動、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù); b)判定那些對環(huán)境具有重大影響，或可 能具有

4、重大影響的因素(即重要環(huán)境因素)。 組織應(yīng)將這方面的信息形成文件并及時(shí)更新。 組織應(yīng)確保在建立、實(shí)施和保持其環(huán)境管理體系時(shí)，對重要環(huán)境因素加以考慮。 4.3.2法律與其它要求 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序: a)用來確定適用于其環(huán)境因素的法律，以及其它應(yīng)遵守的要求;并 b)確定如何將這些要求應(yīng)用于其環(huán)境 因素。 組織應(yīng)確保在建立、實(shí)施和保持其環(huán)境管理體系時(shí)，對這些適用的法律要求及其他組織應(yīng)遵守的要求加以考慮。 4.3.3目標(biāo)、指標(biāo)和方案 組織應(yīng)針對其內(nèi)部相關(guān)職能和層次，建立、實(shí)施并保持環(huán)境目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)。環(huán)境目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)應(yīng)形成文件。 目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)應(yīng)是可測量的、可實(shí)現(xiàn)的， 符合環(huán)境方針，并包括對污染預(yù)

5、防、遵守適用的法律要求及其它組織應(yīng)遵守的要求和持續(xù)改進(jìn)的承諾。 組織在建立與評審目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)時(shí)，應(yīng)考 慮法律要求與組織應(yīng)遵守的其它要求、它自身的重要環(huán)境因素，還應(yīng)考慮可選技術(shù)方案財(cái)務(wù)、運(yùn)行和經(jīng)營要求，以及各相關(guān)方的觀、點(diǎn)。 組織應(yīng)制訂、實(shí)施并保持一個(gè)或多個(gè)旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)的方案，其中應(yīng)包括: a)規(guī)定組織的有關(guān)職能和層次實(shí)現(xiàn)目 標(biāo)和指標(biāo)的職責(zé); b)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)的方法和時(shí)間表。 4.4實(shí)施與運(yùn)行4.4.1資源、作用、職責(zé)與權(quán)限 管理層應(yīng)確保為建立、實(shí)施、保持和改進(jìn)環(huán)境管理體系所必須的資源提供。資源包括人力資源和專項(xiàng)技能、組織的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、技術(shù)以及財(cái)力資源。 作用、職責(zé)及權(quán)限應(yīng)予以明確規(guī)定，形成

6、文件，并得到溝通，以促進(jìn)有效的環(huán)境管理。 組織的最高管理者應(yīng)指定專門的管理者代表，無論他(們)是否還負(fù)有其它方面的責(zé)任，應(yīng)明確規(guī)定其作用、職責(zé)和權(quán)限，以便: a)確保按照本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求建立、實(shí)施與保持環(huán)境管理體系; b)向最高管理者匯報(bào)環(huán)境管理體系的運(yùn)行情況以供評審，包括改進(jìn)的建議。4.4.2能力、培訓(xùn)和意識 組織應(yīng)確保其工作具有潛在重大環(huán)境影響的為其作業(yè)或代表其作業(yè)的所有人員，具備適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃⑴嘤?xùn)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并應(yīng)保持相關(guān)記錄。 組織應(yīng)確定與環(huán)境因素及環(huán)境管理體系相關(guān)的培訓(xùn)需要，提供培訓(xùn)或采取其他措施以滿足這些需求，并保持相關(guān)的記錄。組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序，使為其工作或代表其工作的人員意

7、識到: a)符合環(huán)境方針與程序和符合環(huán)境管理體系要求的重要性; b)重要環(huán)境因素，他們工作活動中實(shí)際的或潛在的重大環(huán)境影響，以及個(gè)人工作的改進(jìn)所帶來的環(huán)境績效; c)他們在實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境管理體系要求方面的作用與職責(zé); d)偏離規(guī)定的程序的潛在后果。4.4.3信息交流 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序，用于有關(guān)其環(huán)境因素和環(huán)境管理體系的 a)組織內(nèi)各層次和職能間的內(nèi)部信息交流; b)與外部相關(guān)方聯(lián)絡(luò)的接收、文件形成和答復(fù)。 組織應(yīng)決定是否就其重要環(huán)境因素進(jìn)行外部溝通，并將其決定形成文件。如果決定進(jìn)行溝通，組織應(yīng)建立并實(shí)施外部信息交流的方法。4.4.4文件 環(huán)境管理體系文件應(yīng)包括: a)環(huán)境方針、目標(biāo)和指

8、標(biāo); b)環(huán)境管理體系范圍的描述; c)對管理體系主要要素及其相互作用的描述，及相關(guān)文件的引用; d)本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所要求的文件，包括記錄; e)組織所確定的、為確保與其重要環(huán)境因素有關(guān)的過程的有效策劃、運(yùn)行和控制所必需的文件，包括記錄。4.4.5文件控制 環(huán)境管理體系及本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所要求的文件應(yīng)予以控制。記錄是一種特殊類型的文件，應(yīng)依據(jù)4.5.4的要求予以控制。 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序，用于: a)文件發(fā)布前得到批準(zhǔn)，以確保文件是充分與適宜的; b)必要時(shí)對文件進(jìn)行評審與更新，并再次批準(zhǔn); c)確保文件的更改和現(xiàn)行修訂狀態(tài)得到識別; d)確保在使用處可獲得適用文件的有關(guān)版本; e)確保文件

9、保持清晰，易于識別;f)確保由組織確定的、對其環(huán)境管理體系的策劃和運(yùn)行所必需的外來文件得到識別，并控制其分發(fā);g)防止作廢文件的非預(yù)期使用，若因任何原因而保留作廢文件時(shí)，對這些文件進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)識。4.4.6運(yùn)行控制組織應(yīng)確定和計(jì)劃與所標(biāo)識的重要環(huán)境因素有關(guān)的運(yùn)行，這些運(yùn)行應(yīng)與環(huán)境方針、目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)一致，以確保它們在程序規(guī)定的條件下進(jìn)行。程序的建立應(yīng)符合下述要求: a)對于缺乏程序指導(dǎo)可能導(dǎo)致偏離環(huán)境方針、目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)的運(yùn)行，應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套以文件支持的程序;b)在程序中對這些運(yùn)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)予以規(guī)定; c)對于組織所使用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中已標(biāo)識的重要環(huán)境因素，應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施和保持一套程序，并將適用的程序

10、和要求通報(bào)供方包括承包方。4.4.7應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備和響應(yīng) 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序，以確定潛在的緊急情況和潛在事故可能對環(huán)境造成的影響以及應(yīng)如何對其做出響應(yīng)。 組織應(yīng)對實(shí)際緊急情況和事故做出反應(yīng)并預(yù)防或減少對環(huán)境的相關(guān)負(fù)面影響。 組織應(yīng)定期評審，必要時(shí)，特別是在事故或緊急情況發(fā)生后，應(yīng)修訂其應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備和響應(yīng)程序。可行時(shí)，組織還應(yīng)定期試驗(yàn)上述程序。4.5檢查4.5.1監(jiān)視與測量 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序，對可能具有重大環(huán)境影響的運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵特性進(jìn)行例行監(jiān)視和測量。這些程序應(yīng)包括對績效、有關(guān)的運(yùn)行控制、組織環(huán)境目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)符合情況的信息文件。 組織應(yīng)確保使用經(jīng)校準(zhǔn)或檢定后的監(jiān)視與測量設(shè)備，并妥善維

11、護(hù)，有關(guān)記錄應(yīng)予以保持。4.5.2守法評價(jià) 組織應(yīng)根據(jù)遵守法律的承諾，建立、實(shí)施和保持一套以文件支持的程序，以定期 評價(jià)對有關(guān)法律要求的遵循情況。 組織應(yīng)保存定期評價(jià)結(jié)果的記錄。組織應(yīng)評價(jià)其適用的其他要求的遵循情況。組織可參考的要求，將該評價(jià)工作與法律遵循情況的評價(jià)合并，也可建立單獨(dú)的程序。組織應(yīng)保存定期評價(jià)結(jié)果的記錄。4.5.3不符合，糾正措施和預(yù)防措施 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施并保持一套程序，用來處理實(shí)際的和潛在的不符合，并采取糾正措施和預(yù)防措施。此程序應(yīng)規(guī)定以下方面要求: a)識別和糾正不符合，并采取措施減少伴隨的環(huán)境影響; b)調(diào)查不符合，確定其產(chǎn)生的原因并采取措施避免再次發(fā)生;c)評價(jià)預(yù)防不

12、符合發(fā)生的措施的需求，并采取適當(dāng)措施避免不符合發(fā)生;d)記錄所采取糾正措施和預(yù)防措施的結(jié)果;e)評審所采取糾正措施和預(yù)防措施的有效性。所采取的措施應(yīng)與減少這些問題和環(huán)境影響程度相適應(yīng)。組織應(yīng)確保對環(huán)境管理體系文進(jìn)行所需的修訂。4.5.4記錄控制 組織應(yīng)建立并保持所必需的記錄，以證明其符合環(huán)境管理體系及本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，并記錄完成情況。 組織應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施和保持一套程序，以規(guī)定記錄的標(biāo)識、貯存、保護(hù)、檢索、保存期限和處置所需的控制。 記錄應(yīng)保持清晰、易于識別和可追溯性。4.5.5內(nèi)部審核組織應(yīng)確保按策劃的時(shí)問問隔對環(huán)境管理體系進(jìn)行內(nèi)部審核，從而a)判定環(huán)境管理體系是否1)符合對環(huán)境管理工作的預(yù)定安

13、a)排和本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求;2)得到了正確的實(shí)施和保持。b)向管理者報(bào)送審核結(jié)果。組織應(yīng)策劃、建立、實(shí)施和保持審核方案，并考慮到所涉及運(yùn)行的環(huán)境重要性和以前審核的結(jié)果。應(yīng)建立、實(shí)施和保持審核程序，指出:一策劃和實(shí)施審核、報(bào)告結(jié)果及保持相關(guān)記錄的職責(zé)和要求;一審核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、范圍、頻率及方法的決定。審核員的選擇及審核的實(shí)施應(yīng)確保審核過程的客觀性和公正性。4.6管理評審 最高管理者應(yīng)按策劃的時(shí)問問隔評審環(huán)境管理體系，以確保其持續(xù)的適宜性、充分性和有效性。評審應(yīng)包括評價(jià)環(huán)境管理體系改進(jìn)機(jī)會和變更的需要，包括環(huán)境方針、環(huán)境目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)。應(yīng)保持管理評審的記錄。 管理評審的輸入應(yīng)包括: a)內(nèi)審結(jié)果，對與組織相關(guān)的

14、法規(guī)要求及其他組織應(yīng)遵守的要求的遵守情況的評價(jià); b)來自外部相關(guān)方的信息交流，包括投訴;c)組織的環(huán)境表現(xiàn);d)目標(biāo)和指標(biāo)的達(dá)成程度;e)糾正和預(yù)防措施的狀況;f)以往管理評審的跟蹤措施;g)不斷變化的客觀環(huán)境，包括與其環(huán)境因素相關(guān)的法律和其他要求的變化;h)改善建議。h)改善建議管理評審的輸出應(yīng)包括與環(huán)境方針、目標(biāo)、指標(biāo)及環(huán)境管理體系其他要素的可能的變化有關(guān)的任何決定和措施，目_符合持續(xù)改進(jìn)的承諾。附錄A(提示的附錄)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用指南(略)附錄B(提示的附錄)ISO 14001:2004與ISO 9001:2000的 聯(lián)系(略) 文獻(xiàn)目錄(略) ContentsForewordIntrodu

15、ction1Scope2 Normative references3 Terms and definitions4 Environmental management system requirements4.1 General requirements4.2 Environmental policy4.3 Planning4.4 Implementation and operation4.5 Checking4.6 Management reviewAnnex A (informative) Guidance on the use of thisInternational StandardAn

16、nex B(Informative) Correspondence between ISO14001:2004 and ISO 9001:2000BibliographyForewordIntroduction1 Scope2 Normative references3 Terms and definitions4 Environmental management system4.1 General requirementsThe organization shall establish, document,implement, maintain and continually improve

17、 an environmental management system in accordance with therequirement of this internationalStandard and determine how it with fulfil these requirements.The organization shall define and document the scopeof its environmental management system.4.2 Environmental policyTop management shall define the o

18、rganizationsenvironmental policy and ensure that,within the definedscope of its environmental management system, ita)is appropriate to the nature, scale andenvironmental impacts of its activities, products andservices,b)includes a commitment to continual improvementand prevention of pollution,c)incl

19、udes a commitment to comply with applicablelegal requirements and with other requirements towhich the organization subscribes which relate to itsenvironmental aspects,d)provides the framework for setting and reviewingenvironmental objectives and targets,e )is documented, implemented and maintained,f

20、 )is communicated to all persons working for or onbehalf of the organization, andg)is available to the public.4.3 Planning4.3.1 Environmental aspectsThe organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) a)to identify the environmental aspects of itsactivities,products and services

21、within thedefinedscope ofthe environmental management system that it cancontrol and those that it can influencetaking intoaccount planned or new developments,or new ormodified activities, products and services,andb) to determine those aspects that have or can havesignificant impacts) on the environm

22、ent (i.e.significant environmental aspects).The organization shall document this informationandkeep it up to date.The organization shall ensure that the significantenvironmental aspects are taken into account inestablishing, implementing and maintaining itsenvironmental management system.4.3.2 Legal

23、 and other requirementsThe organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedure(s)a)to identify and have access to the applicable legalrequirements and other requirements to which theorganization subscribes related to its environmentalaspects, andb) to determine how these requirements app

24、ly to itsenvironmental aspects.The organization shall ensure that these applicablelegal requirements and other requirements to which theorganization subscribes are taken into account inestablishing. Implementing and maintaining itsenvironmental management system.4.3.3 Objectives, targets and program

25、me(s)The organization shall establish, implement andmaintain documented environmental objectivesandtargets, at relevant functions and levels withintheorganization.The objectives and targets shall be measurable wherepracticable, and consistent with the environmentalpolicy, including the commitments t

26、o prevention ofpollution, to compliance with applicable legalrequirements and with other requirements to which theorganization subscribes, and to continual improvement.When establishing and reviewing its objectives andtargets,an organization shall take into account the legal requirements and other r

27、equirements to which theorganization subscribes, and its significantenvironmental aspects. It shall also consider itstechnological options, its financial, operational andbusiness requirements, and the views of interestedparties.The organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a programme(s) f

28、or achieving its objectivesand targets. Programme(s) shall includea) designation of responsibility for achieving objectivesand targets at relevant functions and levels of theorganization, andb) the means and time-frame by which they are to beachieved.4.4. Implementation and operation4.4.1 Resources,

29、 roles, responsibility and authorityManagement shall ensure the availability of resourcesessential to establish, implement, maintain and improvethe environmental management system. Resourcesinclude human resources and specialized skills,organizational infrastructure, technology and financialresource

30、s.Roles, responsibilities and authorities shall be defined,documented and communicated in order to facilitateeffective environmental management.The organizations top management shall appoint aspecific management representatives) who,irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have definedroles, re

31、sponsibilities and authority fora) ensuring that an environmental managementsystem is established, implemented and maintainedin accordance with the requirements of thisInternational Standard,b) reporting to top management on the performance ofthe environmental management system for review,including

32、recommendations for improvement.4.4.2 Competence, training and awarenessThe organization shall ensure that any person(s)performing tasks for it or on its behalf that have thepotential to cause a significant environmental impact(s)identified by the organization is (are) competent on thebasis of appro

33、priate education, training or experience,and shall retain associated records.The organization shall identify training needsassociated with its environmental aspects and itsenvironmental management system. It shall providetraining or take other action to meet these needs, andshall retain associated r

34、ecords.The organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) to make persons working for itor on its behalf aware ofa) the importance of conformity with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system,b) the significant environ

35、mental aspects and related actual or potential impacts associated with their work, and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance,c) their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformity with the requirements of the environmental management system, andd) the potential consequence

36、s of departure fromspecified procedures.4.4.3 CommunicationWith regard to its environmental aspects andenvironmental management system, the organizationshall establish, implement and maintain a procedures)fora)internal communication among the various levelsand functions of the organization,b)receivi

37、ng, documenting and responding to relevantcommunication from external interested parties.The organization shall decide whether to communicateexternally about its significant environmental aspects,and shall document its decision. If the decision is tocommunicate, the organization shall establish andi

38、mplement a methods) for this external communication.4.4.4 DocumentationThe environmental management system documentationshall includea) the environmental policy, objectives and targets,b)description of the scope of the environmentalmanagement system,c) description of the main elements of theenvironm

39、ental management system and theirinteraction, and reference to related documents,d) documents, including records, required by thisInternational Standard, ande) documents, including records, determined by theorganization to be necessary to ensure the effectiveplanning, operation and control of proces

40、ses thatrelate to its significant environmental aspects.4.4.5 Control of documentsDocuments required by the environmental managementsystem and by this International Standard shall becontrolled. Records are a special type of document andshall be controlled in accordance with the requirementsgiven in

41、4.5.4.The organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) toa) approve documents for adequacy prior to issue,b) review and update as necessary and re-approvedocuments,c) ensure that changes and the current revision statusof documents are identified,d) ensure that relevant versions

42、of applicabledocuments are available at points of use,ensure that documents remain legible and readilyidentifiable,f) ensure that documents of external origindetermined by the organization to be necessary forthe planning and operation of the environmentalmanagement system are identified and theirdis

43、tribution controlled, andg) prevent the unintended use of obsolete documentsand apply suitable identification to them if they areretained for any purpose.4.4.6 Operation controlThe organization shall identify and plan thoseoperations, that are associated with the identifiedsignificant environmental

44、aspects consistent with itsenvironmental policy, objectives and targets, in order toensure that they are carried out under specifiedconditions, bya)establishing, implementing and maintaining adocumented procedures) to control situationswhere their absence could lead to deviation fromthe environmenta

45、l policy, objectives and targets,andb)stipulating the operating criteria in theprocedure(s),andc)establishing, implementing and maintainingprocedures related to the identified significantenvironmental aspects of goods and services usedby the organization and communicating applicableprocedures and re

46、quirements to suppliers, includingcontractors.4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and responseThe organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) to identify potential emergencysituations and potential accidents that can have animpacts) on the environment and how it will respond tothem.Th

47、e organization shall respond to actual emergencysituation and accidents and prevent or mitigateassociated adverse environmental impacts.The organization shall periodically review and, wherenecessary, revise its emergency preparedness andresponse procedures, in particular, after the occurrenceof acci

48、dents or emergency situations.The organization shall also periodically test suchprocedures where practicable.4.5 Checking4.5.1 Monitoring and measurementThe organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) to monitor and measure, on aregular basis, the key characteristics of its ope

49、rationsthat can have a significant environmental impact. Theprocedures) shall include the documenting ofinformation to monitor performance, applicableoperational controls and conformity with theorganizations environmental objectives and targets.The organization shall ensure that calibrated or verifi

50、edmonitoring and measurement equipment is used andmaintained and shall retain associated records.4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance Consistent with its commitment to compliance,the organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) for periodically evaluatingcompliance with applicable leg

51、al requirements.The organization shall keep records of the results of theperiodic evaluations. The organization shall evaluate compliance withother requirements to which it subscribes. Theorganization may wish to combine this evaluation withthe evaluation of legal compliance referred to in or to est

52、ablish a separate procedure(s).The organization shall keep records of the results of theperiodic evaluations.4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action andpreventive actionThe organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) for dealing with actual andpotential nonconformity (ies) and f

53、or taking correctiveaction and preventive action. The procedures) shalldefine requirements fora) identifying and correcting nonconformity(ies) and taking actions) to mitigate their environmental impacts,b) investigating nonconformity(ies), determining theirCause(s) and taking actions in order to avo

54、id theirrecurrence,c) evaluating the need for actions) to preventnonconformity(ies) and implementing appropriateactions designed to avoid their occurrence,d)recording the results of corrective actions) andpreventive actions) taken, ande) reviewing the effectiveness of corrective actions)and preventi

55、ve actions) taken.Actions taken shall be appropriate to the magnitude ofthe problems and the environmental impactsencountered.The organization shall ensure that any necessarychanges are made to environmental managementsystem documentation.4.5.4 Control of recordsThe organization shall establish and

56、maintain recordsas necessary to demonstrate conformity to therequirements of its environmental management and ofthis International Standard, and the results achieved.The organization shall establish, implement andmaintain a procedures) for the identification, storage,protection, retrieval, retention

57、 and disposal of records.Records shall be and remain legible, identifiable, andtraceable.4.5.5 Internal auditThe organization shall ensure that internal audits of theenvironmental management system are conducted atplanned intervals toa) determine whether the environmental managementsyste m1) conform

58、s to planned arrangements forenvironmental management including therequirements of this International Standard,and2) has been properly implemented and ismaintained, andb) provide information on the results of audits tomanagement.Audit programmes) shall be planned, established,implemented and maintained by the organization,taking into consideration the envi