1、2021/8/11 星期三1(十)名詞性從句 一、主語從句 主語從句在復合句中作主句的主語，引導主語從句的詞有 that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever，when，where，why，how等。 That she was chosen made us very happy. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. 【注】有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it

2、作 形式主語，而把從句放在后面。 It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today. 2021/8/11 星期三2二、表語從句 表語從句在復合句中作主句的表語，引導表語從句的詞有 that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。 The reason is that you dont trust her. This is where I disagree. 這一點是我所不同意的。三、賓語從句 賓語從

3、句在復合句中作主句的賓語，引導賓語從句的詞有 that，whether，if，who，what，which，whoever， whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how等。賓語從 句一般放在動詞、介詞或形容詞后。 She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic. 2021/8/11 星期三3【注】有時要用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 如do you think/believe/su

4、ppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞 引導的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在句首。 What do you think is going on outside? I/We (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從 句時，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。 I dont suppose he cares，does he? 在賓語從句中，引導詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語 從句多用whether。 It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.

5、 2021/8/11 星期三4 動詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語從句常用if/whether 引導，如用于否定句或疑問句，則賓語從句用that引導。 I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match. I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位語從句 在主從復合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從 句一般用that，whether，who，which，what，where， when，why，how等詞引導，常放在fact，news，idea， truth

6、，hope，problem，information等名詞后面，用以說明 該名詞的具體內容。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 2021/8/11 星期三5五、名詞性從句的難點1.引導詞that與what的區別 what既有引導主語從句的作用，同時又在從句中作句子成分(主 語、賓語、表語等)，這時what相當于all that/everything that 等，常譯成“所的(東西、事情、話等)”；而that只起連接作 用，本身無實際意義，在從句中也不充當任何句子成分，但that 引導的主

7、語從句放在句首時，不能省略that。 What we cant get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 2021/8/11 星期三62.引導詞if和whether的區別 if和whether引導動詞后面的賓語從句時一般可通用，但介詞后 的賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句不能用if引導。 I dont care if/whether he will come to my party. Whether she will go home or

8、 not is unknown. The question is whether we can collect enough money.3.引導詞who與whoever的區別 whoever引導名詞性從句時，相當于anyone who或those who，它 既是從句的主語，又是主句的主語。而who只作從句的主語，它 引導的從句才是主句的主語。 Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. Who will be elected president doesnt make much difference to

9、me. 2021/8/11 星期三74.引導詞what與whatever的區別 whatever引導名詞性從句時，與what差不多，只是語氣上更強 些，有“任何一切”之意。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. This is exactly what I want.5.同位語從句與定語從句的區別 同位語從句用于解釋前面名詞的內容，從句本身是一個非常完 整的句子，所以其前的名詞在同位語從句中不作任何成分；定 語從句對其前的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不夠完整，因 此其前的名詞在定語

10、從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。 I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 2021/8/11 星期三86.whoever與no matter who；whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語 從句；no matter who和no matter what只引導讓步狀語從句。 Whatever(No

11、matter what) you may think，Im going ahead with my plans. Take whatever you need and leave me alone.7.名詞性從句的語序 名詞性從句一律用陳述語序。 No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years. 沒人知道百萬年后人會是什么樣子。 2021/8/11 星期三98.名詞性從句中的語氣 (1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange.that從句中， 從句中的謂語動詞用“shou

12、ld原形動詞”表虛擬語氣，且should 可省略。 It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. (2)表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動詞，后接that從句時，從句 中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should原形動詞”，且should 可省略。 Bobs doctor suggests that he(should) rest for a few days. (3)表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that從句 時，從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣：“should動詞原形”， should可以省略。這類名詞有：a

13、dvice，agreement， command，decision，demand, determination，order， preference，proposal，request，requirement等。 2021/8/11 星期三10 This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 同樣，如主語是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞， 那么that引導的表語從句中也要用虛擬語氣。 Her suggestion was that they (should) carry on thei

14、r conversation in French.過關落實1. matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 解析：what引導的句子作主語，在從句中what作主語。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三112.Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A.what B.why C.how D.whether 解析：what引導賓語從句，在從句中作賓語。 答案：A3.The seasid

15、e here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. A.what B.which C.how D.where 解析：what引導賓語從句，在從句中作表語。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三124.You can only be sure of _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. A.that；what B.what；/ C.which；t

16、hat D./；that 解析：what引導賓語從句；that引導定語從句，在從句中作賓 語，可省略。 答案：B5.Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A.where B.what C.when D.why 解析：由“downtown”可知，應該使用表地點的引導詞“where”。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三136.Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door t

17、o his bedroom. A.why B.that C.when D.where 解析：and連接兩個賓語從句，第二個賓語從句的引導詞that不 能省略。 答案：B7.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A.when B.why C.whether D.that 解析：that引導表語從句，不做任何句子成分，但一般不能省 略。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三148.Its thirty years since we last met. But I

18、still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night. A.which B.that C.what D.when 解析：此處that引導的句子作the story的同位語從句。 答案：B9._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 解析：whichever引導的句子在句中作主語，不能用no

19、 matter which代替，因為后者只能引導讓步狀語從句。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三1510.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A.why B.that C.where D.because 解析：此處that引導的句子作his reason 的同位語。 答案：B11._ different life is today from _ it used to be ten years ago! A.How；what B.What；what C.How；that D.What；that 解析：how與形容詞different 構成感嘆句；what it used to be.作介詞from的賓語。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三1612.Do you think it a must for me to try to do everything for my children? No，thats _ you are mistaken；they should do something on their own. A.where B.when C.so D.how 解析：“那就是