1、考研英語閱讀基礎課考研閱讀理解文章概述：文章長度500-600詞，題材廣泛；但主要是經濟、文化類文章。每篇文章都有鮮明的主題，且體現在單詞上。文章來源于國外報刊雜志，但題目是中國人出的。句子看不懂沒關系，看懂主題就行；文章似懂非懂也沒關系，做對題目就行。復習材料：基礎班上課10篇文章+歷年考研英語二真題。如何鞏固閱讀理解基礎：每篇文章的詞匯都認識，句子都會翻譯，做到無死角。每個段落的主題句都能找到，并知曉全文主題。每道題知道正確選項和錯誤選項的來源，并能分析錯題原因。錯誤原因：詞匯、句子、主題、閱讀策略、是否斜視。Text 1（P60）Henry Ford, the famous U.S. i

2、nventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world. Its none of your business! Few would argue with Fords statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people

3、 in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most nat

4、ional news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to

5、 as “the entertainment industry” or “show business.” 1.The United States is a typical country _.A) which encourages free trade at home and abroadB) where peoples chief concern is how to make moneyC) where all businesses are managed scientifically 極端詞D) which normally works according to the federal b

6、udget（D）2.The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that _.A) most newspapers are run by big businessesB) even public organizations concentrate on working for profitsC) Americans of all professions know how to do businessD) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business（C）

7、The positive side of Henry Fords statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance (大量地) because the U

8、.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.3.According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that _.A) they can start profitable businesses thereB) they can be more compe

9、titive in businessC) they will make a fortune overnight thereD) they will find better chances of employment（B）The negative side of Henry Fords statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big businessreferring to the biggest companies, is seen in

10、 opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to

11、 keep expenses low and profits highcreates feelings of insecurity for many.4.Henry Fords statement can be taken negatively because _.A) working people are discouraged to fight for their rightsB) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC) there is a conflicting relationship betwe

12、en big corporations and laborD) public services are not run by the federal government（C）5. A companys efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in _ _.A) reduction in the number of employeesB) improvement of working conditionsC) fewer disputes between labor and managementD) a rise in

13、workers wages（D）如何精準定位：關注題目的名詞（非高頻詞）在文章的位置，按照段落順序出題。如：United States, immigrants, expenses等，有時其他詞性也可。關注題目問的是主題還是細節，問主題的如：main idea, topic, title, purpose等。問細節的占大多數，題目含有細節名詞，或fact. 關注題目問的對象，即問的是作者還是其他人/事物，主語是誰。關注題目問的是原因還是結果。 Text 2（P57）In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as th

14、eyve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains

15、such as KFC, McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobod

16、y wakes up in the morning and says, Lets be nicer,” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”1.It may be inferred from the passage that _.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry

17、 has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic onesrefer A to B: 喜歡A不喜歡B（A）2.In the authors view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel _.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in gre

18、ater numbersC) if theres no competition among companiesD) without strict routine training of employees（C）Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (壟斷者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing profe

19、ssor, calls “the revengeful (報復的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric compa

20、ny, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍賣), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the

21、results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.3. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, _.A) they can have it fixed in no timeB) its no longer necessary to

22、make an appointmentC) the appointment takes only half a day to makeD) they only have to wait half an hour at most跨界 跨界 （D）4.The example of El A1 Airlines shows that _. 問主題A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial di

23、fficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service（D）5.Why did Bezaqs international branch lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past

24、service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.（B） Text 3（P81）Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through

25、 to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with th

26、eir diet.1.What is said about the average American in the passage?A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light” beer.B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.C) They prefer “light” beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.D) They know the factors that pl

27、ay a positive role in keeping down body weight.（B）In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜餅). Even exercise professionals

28、concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.2.Some people dislike exercise because _.A) they think it is physically exhaustingB) they find it hard to exercise while on a

29、 dietC) they dont think it possible to walk 3 miles every dayD) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome Look up the dictionary （B）3.“Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They _”.A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can b

30、e difficult to work off by exerciseB) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reductionC) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain ones new weightD) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight（B）Still, exercises supporting role in we

31、ight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weigh

32、t.4.What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Centers study?A) Controlling ones calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.D) One could lose ten pounds in a years time if theres

33、no increase in food intake.（C）If you have been sedentary (極少活動的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a years time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually

34、and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.5.What is the authors purpose in writing this article?A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.D) To show

35、 the most effective way to lose weight.（D）分清文章的主題和細節：定位原文時，需要將整個段落有策略地讀完，而不是只讀一句。主題句精讀：首句、轉折句、含原因或結果的句子、下結論的句子。轉折：but, however, unfortunately, on the contrary, in contrast,Conversely, 因果：result in result from.Lead to. Stem from.Amount to. Derive from. Give rise to. Attribute to. Give birth to.Owe to

36、. 下結論: in conclusion. / all in all / in sum.細節句掃讀：舉例、引用、含數詞專有名詞的句、實驗過程、排比短語。典型模板：The real problem rested with the is that According to a recent article published in Nature, all the 5260 species in.正確選項易設計為主題句內容。觀點舉例（總結） Text 4（P40）When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal

37、traditions dating back to Grandmas generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual

38、-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.1.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _.A) bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB) shrinking of the pottery industryC) restructuring of

39、large enterprisesD) economic recession in Great Britain（B）Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobsone-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region.

40、 Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up

41、with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedule

42、s, busy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?2.Which of

43、the following may be the best reason for casual dining?A) Family members need more time to relax.B) Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C) People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.D) Young people wont follow the etiquette of the older generation.（B）3.It can be learned from

44、the passage that Royal Doulton is _.A) a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB) a dealer in stonewareC) a pottery chain storeD) a producer of fine china（D）4.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _.A) the increased value of the poundB) the economic recession in AsiaC) the change i

45、n peoples way of lifeD) the fierce competition at home and abroad（C）Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (禮節) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your

46、 elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.5.Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life _.A) are still a must on certain occasionsB) are b

47、ound to return sooner or laterC) are still being taught by parents at homeD) can help improve personal relationships（A）對文章難點的研究： 1. 轉折詞：however, but, nevertheless, unfortunately, yet 2. 因果詞：because, therefore, as a result, due to, lead to, give rise/birth to, amount to, responsible for, result in, a

48、ttribute to, owe to, stem from, derive from, originate from, result from. 3. 下結論：*is that. The real reason is that. The major solution lies in We can defineas The most important*is. 4. 并列遞進關系：一般考最后一個，或幾個關系的總結；如： First, Second, Third, For example, In addition, Moreover,看不懂的句子，建議：首先看懂名詞，盡量看懂動詞，再分清定語。-

49、tion, -ty, -ice, - ist, -ism, -ment, -dom, -ship. Text 5（P71）Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lays potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker, Frito-Lay, thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack f

50、ood for the world,” said Salman Amin, the companys head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip. 1.It is the belief of Frito-Lays head of global marking that _.A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate

51、the world marketB) their company must find new ways to promote domestic salesC) the light golden color enhances the charm of their companys potato chipsD) people the world over enjoy eating their companys potato chipsFrito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo. and accounts for

52、 over half of the parent companys $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas.2.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?A) Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers.B) Its expansion has caused f

53、ierce competition in the snack marker.C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.D) It needs to turn to the world market for development.（D）Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consum

54、ers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modern, innovative (創新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tas

55、tes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the companys research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.3.One of the assum

56、ptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that _.A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brandsB) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brandsC) products suiting Chinese consumers needs bring more profitsD) products identified as American will have pro

57、mising market value（A）With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (標識). The logo, along with the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the companys global expansion.4.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers.B) To promote the companys strategy of globalization.C) To ch