1、汽車實用英語（第二版）項目一 四沖程發動機構造與工作過程介紹 Brief IntroductionWord ListWord ListWord ListComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionProper NamesProper NamesProper NamesText lea

2、rning-exampleProject 1 Introduction to the construction and operation of a Four-stroke EngineThe engine assemblyThe engine is the source of power that provides the torque or turning force which is used to drive the vehicle. Engines in motor vehicles can be internal combustion, electric or a combinat

3、ion of the two (known as hybrid). Internal combustion engines burn the fuel inside the engine using petrol, distillate or gas. Electric motors use electricity supplied from storage batteries fitted to the vehicle. The batteries can be charged using an internal combustion engine, fuel cell, solar cel

4、l, power regeneration and external charging.The engine assembly includes the engine itself as well as all the components and systems needed to make it start and run. These include the starting, charging, cooling, ignition, lubrication, fuel and the exhaust systems (shown as Figure 1-1).Translation o

5、f difficult sentence1. Engines in motor vehicles can be internal combustion, electric or a combination of the two (known as hybrid).翻譯：汽車的動力裝置可以是內燃機、電動機、或者兩者的組合（如所謂的混合動力）。2. The batteries can be charged using an internal combustion engine, fuel cell, solar cell, power regeneration and external charg

6、ing.翻譯：蓄電池可以用內燃機，燃料電池，太陽能電池，再生能量或外部電源進行充電。3. The large end of the connecting rod connects to the crankshaft and the small end connects to the piston.翻譯：連桿大端連接到曲軸，小端連接到活塞。4. The firing order for a four-cylinder engine is 1-3-4-2 or 1-2-4-3.翻譯：4缸發動機的點火順序為1-3-4-2或1-2-4-3。5. For identification purposes,

7、 manufacturers classify automobile engines by their cylinder arrangement, valve arrangement, and type of system used to cool the engine.翻譯：發動機制造商將汽車發動機按氣缸排列、氣門布置以及冷卻系統的類型進行分類。Exercises: Translate the following into Chineseintake stroke 2) timing gear 3) water pump 4) connecting rod 5) combustion cha

8、mber 6) crankpin7) bottom dead center 8) cylinder head 9) fan pulleyExercises: Translate the following into English 1) 氣缸體 2) 太陽能電池 3) 曲軸箱4) 油底殼 5) 正時皮帶 6) 活塞環7) 點火分電器 8) 火花塞 9) 主軸承軸頸Exercises: Translate the figure THANK YOU 項目二 發動機燃油供給系認識Brief IntroductionWord ListWord ListComponents cognitionCompo

9、nents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionProper NamesProper NamesText learning-exampleProject 2 Acquaintancewith engine fuel systemIntroductionThe fuel system has the job of supplying a combustible mixture

10、of air and fuel to the engine. There are two different types of petrol fuel systems: systems with a carburetor and systems with electronic fuel injection (EFI). Carburetor fuel systems and EFI systems are designed to deliver the fuel mixture to the engine in a combustible form, but each system does

11、it in a different way.1 One basic difference is that carburetors atomize the fuel, and injectors spray the fuel. Carburetor fuel systemThe conventional carburetor fuel system consists of the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, fuel lines, intake manifold and air cleaner (shown as Figure 2

12、-1). As well as these, the exhaust system is sometimes considered to be a part of the fuel system.Translation of difficult sentence1. Carburetor fuel systems and EFI systems are designed to deliver the fuel mixture to the engine in a combustible form, but each system does it in a different way.翻譯：化油

13、器和電子燃油噴射系統都是用于給發動機輸送可燃混合物，但是兩個系統工作方式不同。2. There are three pipes (or lines) between the fuel tank at the rear of the vehicle and the components in the engine compartment.翻譯：有三根油管，連通汽車后部的油箱和發動機艙內的發動機總成。3. A fine gauze filter is fitted to the suction pipe in the fuel tank, and a line filter is fitted i

14、n the supply line between the fuel tank and the fuel pump, or between the fuel pump and the carburetor.翻譯：油箱內的吸油管一端裝有細濾網油濾器，在油箱和油泵之間的輸油管內裝有管內濾清器，或者在燃油泵和化油器之間的輸油管內安裝濾清器。4. The fuel supply system consists of the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel supply pipe, fuel injector, fuel pressure regulato

15、r, and fuel return pipe.翻譯：（電噴）燃油供給裝置由油箱、油泵、燃油濾清器、供油管、噴油器、燃油壓力調節器及回油管等組成。Exercises: Translate the following into Chinese1) electronic fuel injection 2) charcoal canister 3) single point fuel injection4) fuel filter 5) engine startability 6) engine compartment7) pressure regulator 8) fuel return pipe

16、 9) air flow meterExercises: Translate the following into English 1) 燃油供給系 2) 燃油濾清器 3) 空氣流量計4) 電子燃油噴射 5) 多點燃油噴射 6) 冷起動噴油器7) 節氣門體燃油噴射 8) 空氣進氣系統 9）輸油管Exercises: Translate the figure THANK YOU 項目三 發動機冷卻系和潤滑系認識 Brief IntroductionWord ListWord ListComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognit

17、ionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionProper NamesText learning-exampleProject 3 Acquaintancewith Engine Cooling and Lubricating SystemEngine Cooling SystemA cooling system of some kind is necessary in any internal combustion engine. The cooling system of a water-cooled engine consists of the e

18、ngine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and necessary hoses (shown as Figure 3-1).Heat transfer In an automobile engine, heat flows or transfers from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the cooling water, and from the coolant to the copper or aluminum rad

19、iator.1 Cooling System Pump Automobile engine water pumps are of many designs, but most are the centrifugal type. Sometimes the fan is installed on the water pump shaft.Translation of difficult sentence1. In an automobile engine, heat flows or transfers from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the cool

20、ing water, and from the coolant to the copper or aluminum radiator.翻譯：在汽車發動機里面，鐵或鋁制的氣缸將熱量傳導到冷卻水，再由冷卻水將熱量傳遞到銅或鋁制的散熱器中。2. It is constructed to hold a large amount of water in tubes or other passages which provide a large area in contact with the atmosphere.翻譯：在結構上，散熱器要有能容納大量水的管道，這些管道可提供較大的散熱面積，便于與空氣接觸

21、。語法：which引導定語從句，修飾tubes or passages。3. In operation, the thermostat is designed to close off the flow of water from engine to radiator until the engine has reached the desired operating temperature.翻譯：工作時，在發動機還未達到合適的工作溫度前，節溫器將切斷從發動機水套流向散熱器的水路。Exercises: Translate the following into Chinese1) cooling

22、 system 2) thermostat 3) radiator cap 4) radiator core 5) lubricating system 6) crankcase ventilation 7) viscosity index improver 8) varnish 9) oil sludgeExercises: Translate the following into English 1) 水泵 2) 防凍液 3) 水冷式發動機4) 潤滑系 5) 滑潤劑 6) 抗氧劑7) 發動機沉積物 8) 機油濾清器 9)金屬與金屬接觸Exercises: Translate the fig

23、ure THANK YOU 項目四 汽車底盤構造認識 Brief IntroductionWord ListWord ListComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognit

24、ionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionProper NamesProper NamesProper NamesText learning-exampleProject 4 Acquaintancewith automotive chassis constructionMotor vehicles vary greatly in design and body style, and the term motor vehicle can be used to include passenger cars, station wagons, vans,

25、utilities, trucks, buses and coaches. For passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles, there are two basic arrangements: front-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive. A motor vehicle consists of a number of sections which, for convenience, can be considered as follows: the engine assembly, the frame

26、or chassis, the power train, the running gear, the electrical system and the body of the vehicle (shown as Figure 4-1).Translation of difficult sentence1. The power train carries power from the engine crankshaft to the car wheels so the wheels rotate and car moves.翻譯：從發動機曲軸輸出的動力經傳動系傳遞給車輪，使車輪轉動，驅動汽車前

27、進。2. Since all roads are not perfectly smooth, and the transmission is fixed, the drive shaft has to be flexible to absorb the shocks of bumps in the road.翻譯：由于路面并非全部都是平整的，同時變速器的位置是固定的，所以，傳動軸不得不具備一定的彈性，以吸收來自路面的顛簸振動。3. When the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential p

28、inion gears, and two differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion.翻譯：當汽車在直線道路上行駛時，齒圈，差速器殼，差速器行星小齒輪以及差速器半軸齒輪等作為無相對運動的整體而轉動。4. Spokes extend from the wheel to the wheel hub, which is fastened securely at the top of the steering column.翻譯：轉向盤輻條從轉向盤輪緣延伸到轉向盤的輪轂，輪轂則被緊固在轉向管柱的頂端。Ex

29、ercises: Translate the following into Chinesepitman arm 2) automatic transmission 3) planetary gear system4) chassis 5) universal joint 6) steering system 7) brake system 8) service brake system 9) parking brake systemExercises: Translate the following into English 1)傳動系 2) 手動變速器 3) 差速器4)后輪驅動 5) 轉向盤

30、 6) 鋼板彈簧7)制動蹄 8) 懸架系統 9) 制動踏板Exercises: Translate the figure THANK YOU 項目五 汽車電氣設備和主動安全系統介紹 Brief IntroductionWord ListWord ListComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionProper NamesText learning-exampleProject 5 Introducti

31、on to the automotive electric system and active safety systemsPart I Automotive Electric SystemIgnition systemThere are many different types of ignition systems. Most of these systems can be placed into one of three distinct groups: the conventional breaker point type ignition systems; the electroni

32、c ignition systems; and the distributorless ignition system.The automotive ignition system has two basic functions: it must control the spark and timing of the spark plug firing to match varying engine requirements, and it must increase battery voltage to a point where it will overcome the resistanc

33、e offered by the spark plug gap and fire the plug. Translation of difficult sentence1. The power train carries power from the engine crankshaft to the car wheels so the wheels rotate and car moves.翻譯：從發動機曲軸輸出的動力經傳動系傳遞給車輪，使車輪轉動，驅動汽車前進。2. Since all roads are not perfectly smooth, and the transmission

34、is fixed, the drive shaft has to be flexible to absorb the shocks of bumps in the road.翻譯：由于路面并非全部都是平整的，同時變速器的位置是固定的，所以，傳動軸不得不具備一定的彈性，以吸收來自路面的顛簸振動。3. When the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential pinion gears, and two differential side gears all turn as a unit with

35、out any relative motion.翻譯：當汽車在直線道路上行駛時，齒圈，差速器殼，差速器行星小齒輪以及差速器半軸齒輪等作為無相對運動的整體而轉動。4. Spokes extend from the wheel to the wheel hub, which is fastened securely at the top of the steering column.翻譯：轉向盤輻條從轉向盤輪緣延伸到轉向盤的輪轂，輪轂則被緊固在轉向管柱的頂端。Exercises: Translate the following into Chinesethe electronic ignition

36、 system 2) Engine control unit 3) primary current 4) alternator 5) oversteer 6) the charging system 7) relay 8) starter 9) plungerExercises: Translate the following into English 1) 火花塞 2) 點火開關 3) 點火模塊4) 起動機 5) 蓄電池 6) 電壓調節器7) 電路 8) 直流電 9) 驅動皮帶10) 電子穩定程序 11) 電子控制單元 12) 主動安全系統Exercises: Translate the f

37、igure THANK YOU 項目六 汽車車身電氣設備和被動安全系統的介紹 Brief IntroductionWord ListComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionComponents cognitionProper NamesProper NamesText learning-exampleProject 2 Passive Safety Systems Safety beltSafety belt (seat belt) plays an important ro

38、le in this. In effect, they retain you to the occupant compartment so you decelerate with it instead of slamming into hard interior surfaces. But not all belt designs are the same. Usually includes: lap belt, lap-shoulder belt, child seat restraint belt.Airbag system (Supplemental Restraint System)T

39、he airbag system (Supplemental Restraint System) has the following equipment, is shown in table 6-1 .Table 6-1 the airbag system equipmentTranslation of difficult sentence1. This type of valve can sense both temperature and pressure, and is very efficient at regulating refrigerant flow to the evapor

40、ator. 翻譯：這種類型閥門可以感知溫度和壓力，同時能非常有效的調節到蒸發器的制冷劑流量。2. Once the refrigerant is drawn into the suction side, it is compressed and sent to thecondenser, where it can then transfer the heat that is absorbed from the inside of the vehicle.翻譯：一旦制冷劑從吸入端進入壓縮機，它就在壓縮機中被壓縮后輸送到冷凝器。在冷凝器中，制冷劑吸收汽車車內的熱量。3. In crashes, p

41、eople need to be retained within the occupant compartment and not be ejected, as to reduce the possible of serious injury.翻譯：在碰撞事故中，乘員應該被限制在車內而不是被拋出汽車，這樣可以減少嚴重傷害的可能性。4. All new passenger cars have shoulder belts on inertia reels that allow upper body movement during normal driving but lock during ha

42、rd braking. 翻譯：所有新的乘用車都有慣性卷筒型自動安全帶，它允許上半身在正常的駕駛中移動而在緊急制動時鎖止。Exercises: Translate the following into Chineseair bag 2) compressor 3) power seat 4) 6-waypower seat 5) accumulator 6) Alarm System7) turn-signal lamps 8) safety belt 9) tail lampsExercises: Translate the following into English 冷凝器 2) 安全氣囊

43、 3) 壓縮機 4) 牌照 5) 蒸發器 6) 制冷劑7) 熱膨脹閥 8) 中控系統 9) 倒車燈Exercises: Translate the figure THANK YOU 項目三 新能源汽車 Brief IntroductionWord ListAccelerate v.加速，促進Alloy n.合金vt.使成合金，減低成色barring prep.不包括，除非battery n.電池 Component n.成分，adj.組成的，構成的Contrast vt.使與對比，使與對照Conventional adj.慣例的，常規的，習俗 的，傳統的Decrease n.減少，減少之量，v

44、.減少Dependence n.依靠，依賴，信任，信賴Emission n.(光、熱等的)散發，發射，噴射Energy n.精力，精神，活力，物能量Ethanol n.乙醇，酒精 Excite vt.刺激，使興奮，使激動Formula n.公式，規則，客套語Fossil adj.化石的，陳腐的，守舊的Gallium n.化鎵Generate vt.產生，發生Generation n.產生，發生，一代，一代人Generator n.發電機，發生器Household adj.家庭的，家族的，家屬的，普通的Hydrogen n.氫Indium n.化銦Industrial adj.工業的，產業的，實

45、業的，從事工業的Nitrogen n.化氮 Obtain v.獲得Overcome vt.戰勝，克服，勝過，征服，vi.得勝Oxygen n.化氧Parallel adj.平行的，相同的，類似的，并聯的Photon n.光子Pollution n.污染，玷污Potential adj.潛在的，可能的，勢的，位的Practical adj.實際的，實踐的，實用的，應用的Predict v.預知，預言，預報Propel vt.推進，驅使Reduction n.減少，縮影，變形，縮減量，約簡Scheduled adj.預定的Semiconductor n.物半導體Series n.連續，系列，一連串

46、，串聯Significantly adv.意味深長地，值得注目地，有效地Silicon n.化硅，硅元素Solar adj.太陽的，日光的Sophisticate n.久經世故的人，多變的人Storage n.貯藏(量)，貯藏庫，存儲Strike vt.打，撞擊，沖擊Substantial adj.堅固的，實質的，真實的，充實的Tailpipe n.汽排氣管Transmission n.變速箱Proper Namescarbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon-fiber 碳素纖維，碳化纖維compressed air car 壓縮空氣汽車consulting company 咨詢公司e

47、lectric car 電動汽車electric motor 電動機electrical current 電流fuel cell stack 燃料電池組fuel cell vehicle 燃料電池車fuel tank 燃料罐gas-and-oxygen 汽油和氧氣gasoline engine 汽油發動機gasoline-electric hybrid car 油電混合汽車greenhouse gas 溫室氣體harmful emission 有害排放Honda Insight 本田思域lithium-ion battery 鋰離子電池parallel hybrid 并聯混合photovolt

48、aic cell 光生伏打電池regenerative braking 制動回收series hybrid 串聯混合solar car 太陽能汽車solar panel 太陽能板thermal energy 熱能Toyota Prius 豐田普銳斯Electric CarsAn electric car is a plug-in battery powered automobile which is propelled by electric motor(s). Electric cars have the potential of significantly reducing city po

49、llution by having zero tail pipe emissions. Vehicle greenhouse gas savings depend on how the electricity is generated. With the current U.S. energy mix, using an electric car would result in a 30% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Given the current energy mixes in other countries, it has been p

50、redicted that such emissions would decrease by 40% in the UK, 19% in China, and as little as 1% in Germany.Full Cell VehiclesFuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have the potential to significantly reduce our dependence on foreign oil and lower harmful emissions that cause climate change. FCVs run on hydrogen

51、gas rather than gasoline and emit no harmful tailpipe emissions. These vehicles are in the early stages of development, and several challenges must be overcome before these vehicles will be competitive with conventional vehicles. However, the potential benefits of this technology are substantial. Ga

52、soline-electric Hybrid CarsGasoline-electric hybrid cars contain the following parts.Gasoline engineFuel tankElectric motorGeneratorBatteriesTransmissionSolar CarsA solar car is an electric car powered by solar electricity. This is obtained from solar panels on the surface (generally, the top or win

53、dow) of the car. Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert the suns energy directly into electrical energy.Compressed Air CarsNotesElectric cars have the potential of significantly reducing city pollution by having zero tail pipe emissions.翻譯：電動汽車沒有尾氣排放，具有明顯減少城市污染的潛力。The most obvious difference is the fuel ce

54、ll stack that converts hydrogen gas stored onboard with oxygen from the air into electricity to drive the electric motor that propels the vehicle.翻譯：最明顯的不同是燃料電池將車載的氫和空氣中的氧轉化成電流來驅動電動機，從而驅動車輛前進。 Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator.翻譯：先進的電子學讓它同時扮演電動機和發電機兩個角色。When sunl

55、ight (photons) strikes PV cells, they excite electrons and allow them to flow, creating an electrical current.翻譯：當陽光照射（光子撞擊）光生伏打電池，光子激發電子并讓其流動，從而造成一股電流。The car can be powered solely by air, or combined (as in a hybrid electric vehicle) with gasoline, diesel, ethanol, or an electric plant with regene

56、rative braking.翻譯：這種汽車可以單獨由空氣驅動，或組合一臺汽油、柴油、乙醇發動機或者帶制動回收的電氣設備（就像在一輛混合動力汽車中）。 Exercises1.Choose the best answer from the following choices according to the text1) The newest generation of electric cars is a good match for the current generation of gas and/or powered cars. A. gasoline B. diesel C. Liqu

57、efied Petroleum Gas D. natural gas2) The hybrid car has a engine much like the one you will find on most cars. A. gasoline B. diesel C. Liquefied Petroleum Gas D. natural gas3) A solar car is an electric car powered by electricity. A. sun B. hydrogen C. pure D. solar4) You can combine the two power

58、sources found in a car in different ways. A. solar car B. electric car C. hybrid D. full cell2.Translate the following into Chinese1) carbon dioxide 2)compressed air 3)electric motor4) fuel cell vehicle 5)gasoline-electric hybrid car 6)harmful emission7) lithium-ion battery 8)series hybrid 9)solar c

59、ar3. Translate the following into English1)并聯混合 2)電動汽車 3)光生伏打電池4)壓縮空氣汽車 5)汽油發動機 6)燃料電池組7)太陽能板 8)碳素纖維 9)溫室氣體 4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese1) PV cells are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon and alloys of indium, gallium and nitrogen.2) An electric car is a plug-in batt

60、ery powered automobile which is propelled by electric motor(s).3) Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have the potential to significantly reduce our dependence on foreign oil and lower harmful emissions that cause climate change.4) Since a compressed air cars source of energy is usually electricity, its total