1、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1選修7Unit2一、Revise the Passive Voice 主動(dòng)語態(tài) the active voice 被動(dòng)語態(tài)the passive voice如： Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主動(dòng)語態(tài)) 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者; Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。The window was broken by Tom .主被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換：Tom broke the window.如：我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。不能說：Great ch

2、anges have been taken place in my hometown. 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞組才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)一般式_ _ given_ _ _ given_進(jìn)行式_ _ given_ _ _ given 完成式_ given _ given_時(shí)式 常見主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)變化一覽表was givengivenamisaream beingis beingare beinghas beenhave beenwerewas beingwere beinghad beenshall bewill beshall/will have been1. 復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的主

3、動(dòng)被動(dòng)構(gòu)造一般式進(jìn)行式完成式主動(dòng)to doto be doingto have done被動(dòng)to be doneto have been done1. The dam _ by the year 2021, will benefit the whole country. A. being completed B. to complete C. completed D. to be completedD 2. She told me that her proposal needed _ into consideration. A. to take B. to be taken C. to be

4、taking D. to have takenB 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)在句子中的作用 1) 做主語常用it做形式主語 To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. 被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)亞運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式，是一大榮幸。 2) 做表語 The party is to be held next Saturday evening. 明年, 這種新藥將在500個(gè)過度肥胖的人上進(jìn)展試驗(yàn)。It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by .It is a great honor to be invited to attend

5、the opening ceremony of Asian Games.The new drug is to be tested out on the 500overweight people next year.3) 做賓語 She didnt like to be treated as a child. He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father. 這位職員不希望被她的顧客嘲笑。The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers4) 做賓語補(bǔ)足語 Tony expect

6、ed the house to be completely transformed. 這個(gè)殘疾的孩子希望由這個(gè)主建筑師來設(shè)計(jì)這座 電影院。The disabled child expected the cinema to be designed by the chief architect.5做定語 What a victory to be envied by those women! 英國人對(duì)即將在倫敦舉行的奧運(yùn)會(huì)感到驕傲。The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London.6做狀語 All these gifts

7、must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas. 他匆忙趕到訂票處booking office卻被告知 所有的票都賣完了。He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.3. 在以下情況中用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。 1) 不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成 邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又與該句主語或另一名 詞/代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí), He has nothing t

8、o eat. 分析： eat 動(dòng)nothing賓 / he 主eat 謂 I will give you a book to read . 分析： _ 動(dòng)_賓/ _主_謂 這個(gè)優(yōu)雅的女人有事情要宣布。reada bookyoureadThe elegant lady had something to declare. 比較： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思為： I get sb. to type the le

9、tter) 1) Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there? 2) Do you have any clothes _(wash), sir? asked the maid 3) I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash)to be takento be washedto wash 注意：假設(shè)句子的主語并非不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)， 不定式那么必須用被動(dòng)式。3. 在以下情況中用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。 2) 在“主語+表語形容詞to do 中

10、， 主語也是 不定式的邏輯賓語,即不定式動(dòng)詞和主語之間是 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 This question is easy to answer. 分析：answer (動(dòng))-this question 賓 注意： 如果動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，那么要注意介詞的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. 分析：_(動(dòng))-_(賓)如：這扶手椅坐起來很舒服。 這題目很難算出來。deal withJohnThe armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out常用的形容詞有easy，difficult

11、，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous3). 在“tooto do; enoughto構(gòu)造中。如：這個(gè)問題太難了算不出來。The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)這房子夠大能住下。The house is big enough to live in.4). There be 構(gòu)造中，用不定式的主動(dòng)和被 動(dòng)式來修飾主語，區(qū)別不大。 There is a lot of

12、work to do / to be done. (多用主動(dòng)形式) 沒有什么可擔(dān)憂的。There is nothing to worry about.5). 在“with+n+to do構(gòu)造中。例如：沒有事情要做，他就躺在被窩里。With nothing to do, he lay in bed因?yàn)橛刑嗟木毩?xí)要做，我不能幫你忙。With so many exercises to do, I cant do a favor for you.6). 一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。 常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租), rent， hire, blame等。 房子出租。The house is to

13、 let 我覺得我應(yīng)該被責(zé)罵。I felt I was to blame.7)有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們和well，badly，easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily.The new product sells well.The pen writes smoothly.8)感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。 Do

14、you like the material?Yes，it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.誤：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.9).動(dòng)詞 need, require, want, 和be worth后加 v-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。My watch doesnt work; it needs repairing. The book i

15、s worth reading a second time. need/ require/want doing =need /require/want to be done My watch doesnt work; it needs repairing.=it needs to be repaired.1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _ (repair).2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at

16、 once.4.This makes it possible for them _(make) metals into any required shapes.5. Dick sped on the motorway only _ (fine).6. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed _ (steal) it.be repairedto have been caughtto be takento maketo have stolento be fined練習(xí)7. I hope _(admit) to

17、Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to _ (translate) into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome) into their society .10.Come on! It is an easy sentence _ (translate).11.When I came in, he pretended to _.(read)12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive) in time for Ch

18、ristmas.13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.to translateto be welcomedhave been translatedto be admittedbe readingto be receivednot to drive14. Hearing the good news, he was too excited _ (speak).15. It happened _ (rain) when I got there.16. I am terribly sorry _(lose) your

19、key.17. I am sorry _(say )that he is going from bad to worse.18. He asked _(send) to the place where he was most needed.19. What he hoped was _(admit) into the university20. He got to the station only _(find) all the tickets had been sold out.21. I am sorry _(keep) you waiting so long.to speakto be

20、rainingto have lostto sayto be sentto be admittedto findto have kept22.On their return the father asked his son _(explain) what he had learnt.23.My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.24.I dont know whether you happen _(hear), but Im going to study in the U.S.A

21、 this September. 25.The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 26.He seems _punish) by his teacher yesterday.27._(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.28. He was too frightened _ (say) anything.to explainto taketo have heardto be causedto have been punishedTo saveto say29.The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ).30.My grandmother seems to