1、李氏桿菌病(轉圈病)Listeriosis (Circling Disease)韓特博士編輯Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt王雅春博士翻譯Translated by Dr. Yachun 病因/發病機理 Cause & Pathogenesis產單核細胞李氏桿菌Listeria monocytogenes土壤、青貯或糞便中的革蘭氏陽性桿菌Gram-positive rod present in soil, silage & feces與公眾健康有關Public Health Concern 來源于牛奶或其它分泌物 From milk or other secretions

2、 流產、腦膜炎和敗血癥Abortion, meningitis & septicemia經常與飼喂青貯有關（其菌發酵不良的草或玉米青貯中擴增）Often associated with silage feeding (will proliferate in poorly fermented grass or corn silage)感染可發生于包括人類的所有物種，但在反芻動物中更為普遍Infection can occur in all species including man but more common in ruminants傳播途徑是通過采食過程（敗血癥和流產）以及以腦炎的形式口腔

3、傳染（三叉神經）Transmission is by oral ingestion (septicemia & abortion) and oral infection with encephalitic form (trigeminal nerve)成年牛中樞神經系統最常見的細菌感染微膿腫Most common bacterial infection of the CNS in adult cattle micro-abscesses危險因素Risk Factors腐敗的青貯Spoiled silage臨床癥狀Clinical Findings腦炎形式Encephalitic form體溫升

4、高，厭食和消沉Elevated temperature, anorexia and depression運動失調，步伐蹣跚，膝關節彎曲Incoordination, stumbling gait, knuckling 轉圈，頭偏或傾斜而且運動失調Circling, head deviation or tilt and ataxia一面臉部麻痹（耳朵，眼瞼和/或嘴唇下垂）Unilateral facial paralysis (ear, eyelid and/or lip droop)眼球震顫，全眼球炎而且斜視Nystagmus, panophthalmitis and strabismus 吞

5、咽苦難流口水，舌頭麻木和流涎不止Problems with swallowing drooling, tongue paralysis & excessive salivation病情進一步惡化，在12周內死于呼吸困難Progresses and die of respiratory failure in 1-2 weeks流產Abortion偶爾發生Sporadic通常在妊娠的最后三個月胎衣不下，子宮炎而且發燒Usually in last trimester retained placenta, metritis & fever敗血癥Septicemia 新生幼畜Neonates消沉，發燒

6、，痢疾和虛弱Depression, fever, diarrhea & weakness逐漸發展成側臥，角弓反張，角膜渾濁而后12小時內死亡Progresses to lateral recumbency, opisthotonus, corneal opacity and death in 12 hours乳房炎Mastitis 四分之一乳區發病，慢性的而且治療無效Single quarter, chronic & unresponsive to treatment診斷Diagnosis繼往病史，臨床癥狀，CSF敲擊以及死后剖檢結果History, clinical signs, CSF t

7、ap and post mortem results鑒別診斷Differential Diagnosis腦干膿腫Brain stem abscesses狂犬病Rabies中耳炎Inner ear infection血栓栓塞性腦膜腦炎或昏睡嗜血桿菌病ITEME腦灰質軟化癥Polioencephalomalacia鉛中毒Lead poisoning實驗室和病理學診斷Laboratory and PathologyCSF炎癥細胞眾多的渾濁液體CSF cloudy fluid with high # inflammatory cells死后腦部有微膿腫Post-mortemmicro-abscesse

8、s in brain肝臟、脾臟和心肌中有壞死的病灶敗血癥Necrotic foci in liver, spleen heart and myocardium - septicemia治療Treatment如果已經有臨床癥狀，醫治無效Point less if clinical signs改變日糧Change feed土霉素IV，10毫克/kg體重，治療5天Oxytetracycline IV 10 mg/kg for 5 days青霉素IM，44,000 IU/kg體重/天， 治療7天Penicillin IM 44,000 IU/kg/day for 7 days精心照料Nursing care預后情況Prognosis如果已出現臨床癥狀，預后不良Poor