1、基礎句法知識應用點撥英語的基本句型任何一個簡單句都可歸屬于下列6種之一 1. S + V2. S + V + O 3. S + V + O + O4. S + V + O + C5. S + L + P6. There be + S + A S: 主語 V：動詞 O：賓語 C:補語 L: 系動詞 P: 表語 A: 狀語舉例說明 1. Dinner is at six oclock.2. I am a student.3. The tree is very tall.4. Iron rusts.5. We all laughed.6. I need a house.7. Liverpool wo

2、n the game.8. I sent him an email.9. He lent me his dictionary.10. We elected him our monitor.11. He made his son a lawyer. 并列句的結構 簡單句1 并列連詞 簡單句21. I am a student while he is a worker.2. He family is not rich, but he studies hard. 3. Listen carefully, or I will punish you.4. Tom got up late, so he d

3、idnt catch the bus.5. I was just about to go out, when it started to rain.何謂復合句？ 如果一個句子中的一個成分本身就是句子，即包含著從句，那么這個句子就是復合句。Nominal 從句 (包括S 、O、P、T四種從句), 即名詞性從句。Adverbial 從句 (包括time,place, condition, cause, way, comparison, concession,hypothesis, result九種)， 即狀語從句。Adjective 從句 (包括attributive clause一種 )，即定語

4、從句。一共14種從句。舉例說明1. That he became an artist may have been due to his fathers influence.2. Whether is will do us harm or good remains to be seen.3. It struck me that nobody was in favor of the arrangement.4. What she wants on her 18th birthday is a mobile phone.5. The reason was that he was too poor t

5、o see a doctor.6. Thats where we differ.7. She told me there was a good doctor in a town not far away.8. It all depends on whether we can get cooperated with them.9. I think it a pity that you missed so instructive a lecture.10. It looks as if its going to rain.11. There is a possibility that the tr

6、ain may be late.12. This is the book which was bought by my father for my birthday.13. After they picked it, they sliced it, dried it, and strung the slices before they stored them. 總結不管多么復雜的句子，都可以屬于這三種句子之一，或者屬于并列復合句。有時候句子里面會出現插入成分，或者出現倒裝結構，這就使句子變得復雜起來。只要見得多了，你會發現無非就是這幾種情況，完全可以應對。懂得句子結構是理解句子的必要條件之一。

7、判斷句子結構并理解句子1. Maybe its you, maybe its your boss, and maybe its somebody who works for you. 2. When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton , most people say the affair involves a purely private matter . But many other people regard his actions as deplorable . I personal

8、ly think the president committed impeachable offences . 專項訓練之當被問及對現在有關美國總統比爾克林頓的沸沸揚揚的議論有什么看法時，大多數人認為這種曖昧關系純屬私事。但是，還有很多人認為他的行為應當受到譴責。我個人認為總統犯了這些過錯，應該被指控。 3. A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well， from authorities who advocated

9、the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. 要求：分析上句的句法結構。4. With as many as 120 varieties in existence， discovering how cancer works is not easy應對方法主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主謂結構，尤其是獨立的謂語部分。什么樣的詞能構成獨立的謂語部分？注意：do, does和is, am,

10、are的各種時態變化都可以做謂語，但是單純的to do, doing, done和to be, being 的形式是不可以做謂語的。一個看似句子的結構，如果沒有獨立的謂語部分，那它就不是句子，而是分詞短語或者獨立主格結構。從前向后，抓住獨立的謂語部分從而區別出主句和分詞狀語，再根據從句的連接詞（有時無連接詞）區分主句和從句，層層理解，插入語插在哪個層次中就放在哪個層次中理解。5. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, require revision at short intervals if their au

11、thors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.譯：對于現代書籍, 特別是教科書來說, 要是作者希望自己書中的內容能與新概念、新觀察到的事實和新發現同步發展的話, 那么就應該每隔較短的時間, 將書中的內容重新修改。點撥插入語的識別方法很簡單，其特征為完整的句子結構插入兩個逗號或兩個“”，即：“Abcdefghijk, uvwxyz, lmnopqrst.”、“Abcdefghijkuvwxyzlmnopqrst.”。如上例的“especially textbooks”即可視為插入語。6. Televisi

12、on, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.譯：人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時事, 掌握科學和政治的最新動態。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節目。析：在此句中, “it is of

13、ten said” 是插入語。7. This was a defensive pact（盟約）, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to（追求） recover the Alsace-Lorraine Provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-Hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed（沖突） in the Balkans.析：句中的who aspired to

14、recover the Alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871為非限制性定語從句，起補充的作用。譯：這是一個防御性的盟約，旨在保護德國人免受法國人的攻擊，保護奧匈帝國免受俄國人的攻擊；因為法國人想收復1871年失去的阿爾薩斯-洛林地區，而俄國人則在巴爾干半島同奧匈帝國接連不斷地發生沖突。技巧1. 對于語感不強的學習者來說，可以先把插入語去掉的方法來理解主要的意思。2. 修飾語主要有兩種結構：定語結構修飾名詞，狀語結構修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。起修飾作用的定語結構或狀語結構可以是一個或若干個詞，也可以是一個或若干介詞短語、分詞短語或不定式短語，也可以是從句。這

15、些詞、短語或從句可同時使用。理清下列句子中的修飾關系8. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.析：句中number被 of the young people in the United States who cant read修飾，而 people 前面被the young，后面被 in the United States 和who cant read的修飾。譯：大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直令人難以置信。下句中的三個主

16、謂搭配是什么？9. Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.答：which matters、the world possessed和everythingwas known to，注意千萬不可把was當作其他任何名詞的謂語。譯：近代史開始時，世界擁有的每一項重大成就，已為歷史發端期的人們所知曉。找出主要的主謂成分10. And i

17、t helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans.析：句中的第二個were作為inventions的謂語，而不是Greco-Romans的謂語.譯：它有助于說明，為什么發源于中國的許多發明和希臘羅馬人所知道的許多發明，只是在西歐人手中才得到全面發展和充分利用。代詞的指代關系11. Takin

18、g his cue（暗示） from Ibsens A Dolls House（易卜生的劇作玩偶之家）, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husbands treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.析：句中which 指的是前面的A Dolls House。譯：易卜

19、生的劇作玩偶之家中的女主人公娜拉離家出走, 因為她憎惡她的丈夫像對待孩子一樣來對待她。作家魯迅從中得到啟示, 從而告誡人們娜拉得需要錢來養活自己, 她要生存就必須有經濟上的權利。點撥 弄清楚句子中的指代詞所指代的對象 如：it, this, that, these, those, which, so, one, other及常用人稱代詞等所指代的內容。這些詞和詞組有時在本句中就能找到，有時則要到前面有關的句子中去找。結合上下文的意思進行理解。狹義的上下文指本句前后句子，廣義的上下文指前后段落。 下列句中的 which 指什么？12. The food supply will not incre

20、ase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.析：句中which 指的是前面的整個句子“The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this”譯：食品供應的增長將趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著，我們在糧食生產和購銷方面正陷入危機。今日作業：觀察句子結構并翻譯下列句子1. When it comes to the increas

21、ing use of motor vehicles in Beijing , some people think that use should be limited . Others argue that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth to both arguments, but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.2. It is widely acknowledged that extensive def

22、orestation contributed to heavy summer flooding . Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program . But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem .3. Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems . But in spite of the material

23、benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness .4. Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime . But although criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject , little evidence exists to support the claim .Capital punishment 死刑5. An increasing number of people are joining the Information Age via the Internet . In reaction to the phenomenon , some say the Internet has removed ba