1、Detailed study of paragraph 6-22 That is not here, sir, he said in English. The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners on the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.” He sketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.1：sketch vt. to draw roughly and quickly with out

2、lines but little detail He quickly sketched the view from the window.他很快勾勒出窗外的風景。2：sketch （sth）out: 概述、簡述She sketched out her plan for tackling the problem.她簡要敘述了解決問題的計劃。3:sketch in：補充說明，給補充細節You need to sketch in his character a little more.對他的性格，你應該刻畫地更詳盡一些。 1:預料；預期The chairman of the committee ex

3、pects to be back next Thursday. 委員會主席預計下星期四回來。The first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening. 第一次信息預計在今晚7點到達。2：期待 expect sth. of / from sb. 對.的期望要求Most of the parents expect much of their children. 大多數父母都對自己的子女寄予很大希望。expect sb. to be 期望某人成為.he expects his son to be a doctor3：認為Who

4、broke that cup? I expect it was the cat. “誰打破了杯子？”我看是貓打破的。4：習慣用語be expecting 懷孕His wife was expecting. 他的妻子當時正懷孕。expect from 期望(某人)會作出(某事) expect much from sb 對某人抱有很大期望 expect of 期望(某人)會作出(某事)表語從句 連接副詞where, when, how, why。如：The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。Thanks to his map, I was able to

5、 find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal embankment , where a sort of barge with a roof like one on a Japanese house was moored . Paraphrase: Thanks to the clear and simple sketch the usher made for me, the taxi driver was able to take me straight to the canal bank. A large flat-b

6、ottomed boat was there which had a roof like that of a Japanese house.The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle be

7、tween the kimono and the miniskirt.Paraphrase: It was a very special and striking phenomeon that the small old Japanese houses mixed with the high beige buildings made of concrete, and the traditional kimono mixed with the mondern western suits.作者首先使用Little old Japan代指small old Japanese houses。是提喻（s

8、ynecdoche）中用整體指代部分的用法。而后，the kimono 指代傳統文化，the miniskirt 指代現代意識，為換喻(metonymy). metonymy是用某事物的名稱來代表一個更一般，又密切相關的事物。而提喻是部分代替整體或整體代替部分，這兩個修辭格都和漢語中的借代相對。如：She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.(換喻)她是個動人的姑娘，可我絕不會讓感情左右我的理智It was reported that China beat Kor

9、ea in a soccer game yesterday.(提喻)報道說韓國足球隊昨天擊敗了中國足球隊1：Thanks to這個短語表示原因，意為“由于”、“多虧”，to表示感謝的對象。如 Thanks to the English language，we can learn a lotfrom other countries由于英語這門語言，我們能從其它國家學到很多東西。2：thanks for是客套用語，thanks相當于 thank you ，意為“因而感謝，for強調為何而感謝，其后可接名詞或v-ing。 Thanks for your help謝謝你的幫助。 Thanks for

10、inviting us to your birthday party謝謝你邀請我們參加你的生日聚會barge: a large low boat with a flat bottom, used mainly for carrying heavy goods on a canal or rivermoor: vt. to fasten (a ship, boat) to land, to the bed of the sea, etc. by means of ropes, chains and an anchor, etc.We moored off the north coast of t

11、he island.我們停泊在島嶼北部的岸邊 arresting: adj. striking, attracting and holding attention. This word adds to striking the suggestion of capturing attention 引人注意的 很有吸引力的an arresting beauty / story1:arrest vt. to catch and fix (esp. sb.s attention)The bright lights arrest the boys attention.2: arrest sb. (for

12、)A man has been arrested in connection with robbery. 一名男子因與這樁搶劫案有關已被逮捕。3：to stop a prosess or development 中止They failed to arrest the companys decline.他們未能阻止公司的衰落。incessant: never stopping. The word implies ceaseless or uninterrupted activityincessant noiserainchatter不間斷的噪音陰雨絮叨the incessant flow of

13、traffic across the bridge橋上川流不息的人群At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.Paraphrase：A very charming Japanese woman whose face was as white and smooth as porelain was standing at the door to the restaurant and she asked me t

14、o take off my shoes before getting in. 日本的傳統化妝術，白、紅、黑三色構造臉部彩妝；天然紅花唇彩，傳統化妝品成為時尚寵兒日本的傳統化妝術是傳統文化的一個重要部分，表現最突出的就是藝妓臉上精雕細琢的濃妝，妝后幾乎看不出任何喜怒哀樂的面容，也成為藝妓的神秘之處。 模特臉上敷上一種可溶于水的白色粉末，跟現在女士們做的面膜很類似。不過，眼睛、嘴唇、脖子也得全都敷滿。最后看起來猶如雕飾華美的人偶一般。 一點紅色的點綴能使嘴唇顯得分外迷人，而這種紅色并不布滿整個嘴唇，而是小于嘴唇的輪廓，只占到唇部的四分之三左右，即是所謂的“櫻桃小嘴”。現在這種手法在傳統舞臺表演中還

15、能看到，比如歌舞伎和日本舞。 傳統化妝術的手法承襲了歷史，所用的原料也跟幾百年前一樣，都是從植物中天然萃取，不僅對人體無害，而且還有美容和護膚的功效。 Porcelain-faced: 面色如玉的 名詞+過去分詞所構成的形容詞詞例如下：1 )hand-made手工的 2)man-made人造的 3)state-owned國營的 4)school-run校辦的 5)heart-felt由衷的。 This done, I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house, treading cautiously

16、on the soft matting and experiencing a twingeof embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.He was a tall, thin man, sad-eyed and serious. Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought

17、that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slainin one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony .句子結構分析：在and之后的句子中出現了三個從句，that從句為同位語，對thought的具體內容進行補充說明，后面出現兩個where從句都是定語從句，對the site of

18、the first atomic bombardment進行補充說明，兩個where從句句式工整相對，使用了排比手法，使句子的意味更為強烈，痛悔心情躍然紙上。排比利用詞語、短語或從句的平行，使句子富有平衡感、節奏感和清晰感。如：Faith sees the invisible, feels the intanible and achieves the impossible.信念即看到不能看到的，感到不能感到的，達到不能達到的。同位語從句與定語從句的區別一、性質不同同位語從句和主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句同屬于名詞性從句，表示與之同位的名詞它的作用相當于名詞，對前面的名詞加以補充說明或進一步解釋

19、。定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。 二、引導詞不同同位語從句的引導詞多是that，whether,也有連接代詞what,who,連接副詞how,when,where另外，which,if不能引導同位語從句。引導詞在句中不充當任何成分.定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose 等，關系副詞where,when,why等引導詞 .連接定語從句、代替主句中的先行詞甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整個主句及在定語從句中充當句子成分等作用三、先行詞不同同位

20、語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常是抽象名詞，有一定的內涵。常見的有idea situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theorysuggestion, proposal, word, thought, truth, possibility,ordernews, , ability等等。定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛，eg The belief is that all roads lead to Rome 同位語 The boys who are playing football are fr

21、om class one定語thousands upon thousandsadv.成千上萬雙語例句1. Thousands upon thousands of martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people. 成千上萬的先烈為了人民而英勇地犧牲了。2. Thousands upon thousands of people attended the ceremony. 成千上萬的人參加了那個儀式。 linger on:vt to live on the point of death for some time, esp.

22、 when suffering from a disease, be slow in dying茍延殘喘，奄奄一息 eg. The pain lingered on for weeks (was slow to disappear). The dying man lingered on.agony: n very great pain, intolerable suffering of mind or bodyHe suffered agonies from his broken arm.The country must not again go through the agony of wa

23、r.The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.inhibited adj unable to relax or express your feelings in a natural wayeg.boys are often more inhib

24、ited than girls about discussing their problems 男孩子往往不如女孩子敢于談論自己的問題 i.inhibit: vtcause one to suppress certain thoughts or desires because of the environmental conditioneg His way of teaching is dull, and inhibits imagination.This medicine will inhibit the spread of the diseaseas.as用法：as.as意為和一樣，表示同

25、級的比較。使用時要注意第一個as為副詞，第二個as為連詞。其基本結構為：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如： (1)This film is as interesting as that one.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。 其否定式為not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如： This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。 若有修飾成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，則須置于第一個as之前。例如： Your bag is twice as e

26、xpensive as mine.你的袋子比我的貴一倍。 幾個關于as.as的常見句型： （1)as.as possible Please answer my question as soon as possible.請盡快回答我的問題。 (2)as long as. (引導條件狀語從句) It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我們花了長達三年的時間才完成這項計劃。 (3)as far as He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一

27、直散步到火車站。 (5)as well as She cooks as well as her mother does.她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好 。 as.as的結構：as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as用表示倍數的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine. 倍數+ as + adj. + asThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the

28、length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine Gentlemen, said the mayor, I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima.welcom v.v.1:sb (to sth) greet sb in a friendly way.It is a pleasure to welcome you to our home.2:pleased to receive or accept sthI warmly welc

29、ome this decision.adj. 1：a welcome opportunityreliefsight難得的機會；及時的救助；賞心悅目的景象2：make sb welcome 受款待的 3： to do sth 表示樂意讓某人做某事They are welcome to stay here as long as they like.4： to sth 樂意別人做自己不愿做的事，“盡管好了”Its an awful job. If you want it, youre welcome to it!n.outstayoverstay your welcome 作客太久而不再受人歡迎Ev

30、eryone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.spinal column 脊柱spinal cord 脊髓這里作者連用了幾個正式的、文縐縐的、專業性很強的詞匯，如 flexible spinal column，使讀者感到有一種幽默的情趣。extraordinary adj.1:unexpected,surprising or strange What an extraordinary thing to sa

31、y!2:not normal or ordinary 非凡的、卓越的She was a truly extraordinary woman.3:arranged for a apecial purpose 特別、臨時的4：an envoy（使者、公使） extraordinary 特使There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated. grew 使用了擬人化的手法，這種手法不僅使語言顯得生動有力，而且給人以親切、耳目一新的感覺。Dus

32、k found the boy crying in the street because he was hungry.天黑了，小男孩餓了，就在馬路上哭起來。The universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest man. 即使傾天下之財富，也收買不了一個正直人的選票。Each time the name Hiroshima was repeated：這是一個由名詞短語(each time)引導的狀語從句，相當于when the name Hiroshima was repeated。Hiroshima, as you know,

33、 is a city familiar to everyone,” continued the mayor.familiar adj. 1:(to sb) well known to you; to looksoundtaste familiar看聽嘗起來熟悉2： with sth knowing sth very wellAre you with the software they use?3:(with sb) very informal, sometimes in a way that is unpleasantYou seem to be on very terms with your

34、 tutor.你似乎和你的導師之間很隨便。Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its- oysters. seldom，never，only，hardly，little等副詞開頭的句子，通常采用倒裝語序。oyster: n. a type of selfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked, and that prod

35、uces a jewel called a pearl.gain v.1: (sth) (byfrom sth) There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.2: to go too fastMy watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.3: against sthThe pound gained against the dollar again today.今天英鎊對美元的比值又上升了。n. prevent weight gain 防止體重增加 efficiency gains 效率提

36、高 personal gain 個人收益gainful adj.used to describe useful work that you are paid for 有報酬、有利可圖的gainful employment 有酬的工作句中known 是過去分詞做后置定語，修飾Hiroshima。and Im proud and happyfor its-oystersanti-climax to achieve humor, surprise, satire etc.Understanding: The mayor said this because he did not want to emb

37、arrass the foreigners by talking about the disaster and he wanted people to forget the tragic past and also because Hiroshima was famous for its oysters.I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie .Paraphrase: I was

38、 on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out of my sad dreamy thinking.assent n.v : (to sth)give sbs assent toNovody would assent to the terms they proposed.consert 用法同assentsank v.1: to become quieterHer voice sank to a whisper.2:to make a deep hole in the groundto sink a wellshaftmine掘水