1、過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞一、構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞+ed過(guò)去分詞二、特性：動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，可跟賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。來(lái)自不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示主動(dòng)意義。過(guò)去分詞一般都表示完成意義。三、含義過(guò)去分詞Eg:the risen sun 升起了的太陽(yáng)fallen leaves 落葉retired workers 退休工人the newly arrived visitors 新到的客人過(guò)去分詞表示主動(dòng)完成的例子過(guò)去分詞的兩個(gè)基本特點(diǎn)：1、在時(shí)間上表示完成a developed country 一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家， oiled water 白開(kāi)

2、水， risen sun 升起的太陽(yáng)2、在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示被動(dòng) the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級(jí)， the exploited class 被剝削階級(jí)過(guò)去分詞四、形式：過(guò)去分詞只有一般式，表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞五、否定式：not + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞否定式：Not allowed to bring the children along, he went to see the exhibition without them.過(guò)去分詞六、句法功能： 表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。門仍然鎖著。The door remained locked.過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，另外，表達(dá)人物內(nèi)

3、心的某種感受，心理狀態(tài)時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。比如：I am pleased (高興) I am satisfied （滿意）. They are touched by the movie 他們被感動(dòng) People are excited on the movie 人們被電影所興奮，人是動(dòng)作的承受者Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。 過(guò)去分詞能作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：amazed, astonished (吃驚

4、), broken, closed, completed, covered(包括,覆蓋), crowded(擁擠), delighted(高興), devoted(奉獻(xiàn)), disappointed(失望), drunk, finished, frightened(驚嚇), hurt, injured(傷害), interested, killed(扼殺), known,過(guò)去分詞能作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞：learned, lost, married, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, unknown, worried.多數(shù)是來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)

5、去分詞。過(guò)去分詞六、句法功能： 定語(yǔ)1、單獨(dú)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞前。我哥哥是個(gè)歸國(guó)的留學(xué)生。My brother is a returned student.定語(yǔ)there was a terrible noise followed the sudden burst of lightThe excited people rushed into the building. 激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。 We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。過(guò)去分詞六、句法功能： 定語(yǔ)2、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞后。我喜歡讀狄更斯寫的書。I

6、like to read the book written by Dickens.過(guò)去分詞六、句法功能： 狀語(yǔ)1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；相當(dāng)于when, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。問(wèn)他為什么缺勤，他說(shuō)他病了。Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill.When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill.多放在句尾過(guò)去分詞2、表示原因；相當(dāng)于as, because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。多放在句首。Tired with the work, we sat down to rest.六、句法功能： 狀語(yǔ)因

7、為工作累了，我們坐下休息。過(guò)去分詞3、表示條件；相當(dāng)于if, once 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Heated, water changes into steam.六、句法功能： 狀語(yǔ)If water is heated, it changes into steam.如果把水加熱，水就變成蒸汽。多放在句尾過(guò)去分詞4、表示讓步；相當(dāng)于though, although, 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Locked in the jail, he didnt lose heart.六、句法功能： 狀語(yǔ)Though he was locked in the jail, he didnt lose heart.他雖然被關(guān)

8、在監(jiān)獄里，但并不灰心。多放在句尾過(guò)去分詞5、表示方式、伴隨情況等；The teacher entered the office, followed by two students.六、句法功能： 狀語(yǔ)老師走進(jìn)辦公室，后面跟著兩個(gè)學(xué)生。多放在句尾過(guò)去分詞 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。六、句法功能： 注分詞短語(yǔ)不作目的狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞1、作賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞多來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞；六、句法功能： 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2、過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)意義和完成意義。3、過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去分詞4、用在“主+ 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中；六、句法功能： 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5、賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是

9、意義上的主謂關(guān)系；過(guò)去分詞可跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：六、句法功能： 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1、see, hear, watch, feel, think, listen to, like, prefer.過(guò)去分詞可跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：六、句法功能： 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2、make, get, have.He was trying hard to make himself understood.過(guò)去分詞可跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：六、句法功能： 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)3、like , want, wishHe wants the matter discussed at the meeting.他希望這

10、件事能在會(huì)議上得到討論。過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)：see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at, have, keep, leave, think ,find ,get, want, wish, like, order, make + sb /sth + done過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ) I have my hair cut 主 謂 賓 補(bǔ) I got my TV repaired 主 謂 賓 補(bǔ)過(guò)去分詞七、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1、時(shí)間：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞七、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分

11、詞的區(qū)別：1、時(shí)間：falling flowers 正在飄落的花 fallen flowers 落花（已落下的花）過(guò)去分詞七、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：2、語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意思；所修飾的人或物是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意思；所修飾的人或物是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。過(guò)去分詞七、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1、時(shí)間：the surprising news 令人吃驚的消息 the surprised boy 受了驚下的男孩過(guò)去分詞七、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：exciting, moving, interesting, amusing, surprising, pleasing, encouraging, frightening, disappointing，多與指事物的名詞連用，表示“令人” 過(guò)去分詞The news you told me was just surprising.你告訴我的消息真令人感到吃驚。過(guò)去分詞七、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：excited, moved, interested, am