1、CDM項目設(shè)計The CDM project design中國CDM能力建設(shè)項目培訓(xùn)講義Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China2022/7/291精選課件CDM項目流程： The CDM Project Cycle設(shè)計審定/注冊監(jiān)測核查/認(rèn)證簽發(fā)CERsPP： 項目參與方DOE：指定經(jīng)營實(shí)體EB： 執(zhí)行理事會CER： 經(jīng)核證的減排2022/7/292精選課件項目參與者：Project participants項目參與者或是指一參與CDM項目活動的締約方，或指經(jīng)某締約方批準(zhǔn)在該締約方負(fù)責(zé)之下參與CDM項目活動的私營和/或公

2、共實(shí)體。In accordance with the use of the term project participant in the CDM modalities and procedures, a project participant is either a Party involved or, in accordance with paragraph 33 of the CDM modalities and procedures, a private and/or public entity authorized by a Party to participate, under t

3、he Partys responsibility, in CDM project activities.項目參與者是指就如何分配所考慮的項目活動產(chǎn)生的CERs 作出決定的締約方或私營和/或公共實(shí)體。Project participants are Parties or private and/or public entities that take decisions on the allocation of CERs from the project activity under consideration.2022/7/293精選課件項目設(shè)計文件：第二版, 2004年7月1日：Projec

4、t Design Document：version 02, July 1, 2004 項目活動的一般性說明基準(zhǔn)方法學(xué)項目活動的起始與期限/減排額計入期監(jiān)測方法學(xué)和計劃溫室氣體排放計算環(huán)境影響利害相關(guān)方的評價附 件附件1：項目活動參與方的信息附件2：政府官方提供資金的信息附件3：新基準(zhǔn)線方法學(xué)附件4：新監(jiān)測方法學(xué)附件5：表格：基準(zhǔn)線數(shù)據(jù)General description of project activityBaseline methodologyStarting date and duration of the project activity/Crediting period Monit

5、oring methodology and planCalculations of GHG emissions Environmental impactsStakeholder CommentsAnnexesAnnex 1: Information on participants in the project activityAnnex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: New baseline methodologyAnnex 4: New monitoring methodologyAnnex 5: Table: Baseli

6、ne data 2022/7/294精選課件基本原則：General principles 完整性：Completeness精確性：Accuracy可比性：Comparability透明性：Transparency2022/7/295精選課件完整性：Completeness渦輪機(jī)、加熱過程、鍋爐等 Turbines, process heaters, boilers etc.燃燒 Flaring溢散排放 Fugitive emissions焚化 Incinerators化學(xué)反應(yīng)的揮發(fā) Chemical process vents運(yùn)輸 Transport能源輸入/輸出 Imported/expo

7、rted energy充分考慮并報告在確定范圍內(nèi)所有溫室氣體排放的源及活動，并對任何排除在外的情況予以說明。Account for and report on all GHG emission sources and activities within the chosen project boundary. Disclose and justify any specific exclusions.2022/7/296精選課件精確性：Accuracy精確性問題可分為：Accuracy can be classified into:誤差 Errors:計算誤差 （不正確的因子、假設(shè)）Calcul

8、ation errors (inappropriate factors, assumptions etc)在確定基準(zhǔn)或排放時缺乏透明性：Lack of clarity within the methods for determining GHG emissions or baselines數(shù)據(jù)管理的弱點(diǎn)（如人工轉(zhuǎn)記誤差）：Data management weaknesses e.g. manual transposition errors不確定性 Uncertainties:技術(shù)限制： Technological limitations缺少數(shù)據(jù)來源：Lack of source data所有通

9、過計量、計算、估算的溫室氣體在紀(jì)錄、運(yùn)算、匯總和報告的過程中力求正確。Accuracy means that (e.g.) the GHG data is recorded (through measurement, calculation, estimation), processed, reported and aggregated accurately.2022/7/297精選課件透明性：Transparency所有的假設(shè)應(yīng)清楚地說明All assumptions are clearly stated所有背景資料引用應(yīng)清楚All background material is clearl

10、y referenced使用方法及選擇原理應(yīng)予解釋The rationale for selection and use of methodologies, as well as the use of such are clearly explained對討論的問題應(yīng)有一個清楚地結(jié)論There is a clear conclusion or decision from all presented discussions所有使用的公式應(yīng)予規(guī)定All formulas used for calculations are stated 所有的計算應(yīng)是具體的All calculations are

11、incorporated or referenced保密信息應(yīng)清楚識別Confidential information is clearly identified2022/7/298精選課件良好的項目設(shè)計實(shí)踐：Good Practice for project design確定職責(zé)Define Responsi-bilities識別排放源Identify GHG Emission Sources（基準(zhǔn)與項目）(Baseline and project)確定計算方法Determine GHG Calculation Methods（基準(zhǔn)與項目）(Baseline and project)計算排放

12、量Calculate Emissions匯總/總排放整理Collation/ Aggregation of Total Emissions保持文件體系Maintain Supporting Documen-tation匯整PDD或監(jiān)測報告Finalise PDD or monitoring Reports評審并改進(jìn)報告Review and improve the report2022/7/299精選課件PDD A項：項目活動的一般性說明PDD SECTION A: General description of project activityA.1 項目活動名稱：Title of the pr

13、oject activity: A.2. 項目活動描述：Description of the project activity:A.3. 項目參與方： Project participants:A.4. 項目活動的技術(shù)說明：Technical description of the project activity:A.4.1.項目活動的地點(diǎn)：Location of the project activity:A.4.2.項目活動類別： Category(ies) of project activity:A.4.3.項目活動將采用的技術(shù)：Technology to be employed by t

14、he project activity: A.4.4.簡要解釋擬議的清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項目活動將如何減少人為溫室氣體源的人為排放量（包括說明為什么當(dāng)沒有擬議的項目活動時就不會發(fā)生相應(yīng)的減排量，要考慮到國家和/或部門政策和實(shí)情）： Brief explanation of how the anthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission re

15、ductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances: A.4.5.項目活動的政府官方融資：Public funding of the project activity:2022/7/2910精選課件PDD B項：適用的基準(zhǔn)線方法PDD SECTION B: Application of a baseline methodology B.1. 應(yīng)用于該項目活動

16、的方法學(xué)名稱和參考文獻(xiàn)：Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the project activity: B.1.1.選擇該方法學(xué)的理由和為什么它可適用于該項目活動 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity:B.2. 說明該方法學(xué)如何應(yīng)用于該項目活動：Description of how the methodology is applied in t

17、he context of the project activity:B.3. 說明各種溫室氣體源的人為排放量如何減少到低于沒有該已登記的CDM項目活動時所出現(xiàn)的排放水平 Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity:B.4. 說明與選用的基準(zhǔn)線方法學(xué)相關(guān)的項目邊界定義如何應(yīng)用于該項目活動：Descripti

18、on of how the definition of the project boundary related to the baseline methodology selected is applied to the project activity:B.5. 基準(zhǔn)線確定的詳細(xì)說明， 包括基準(zhǔn)線研究完成日期與人員/機(jī)構(gòu)名稱Details of baseline information, including the date of completion of the baseline study and the name of person (s)/entity (ies) determi

19、ning the baseline:2022/7/2911精選課件PDD C項：項目活動期限/減排額計入期 PDD SECTION C: Duration of the project activity / Crediting period C.1 項目活動期限： Duration of the project activity:C.2 排額計入期的選擇和相關(guān)信息 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. 可更新的計入期(最長每一期七(7)年)Renewable crediting periodC.2.2. 固

20、定的計入期(最長十(10)年)Fixed crediting period: 綠色領(lǐng)域的項目一般會選擇7年、更新2期的計入期，棕色領(lǐng)域的項目一般會選擇10年固定計入期Experience: “Greenfield” projects often select the option of seven years and 2 renewal periods, “brown field” projects often select a 10 years fixed crediting period. 2022/7/2912精選課件 PDD D項：適用的監(jiān)測方法和計劃 PDD SECTION D. A

21、pplication of a monitoring methodology and planD.1. 應(yīng)用于該項目活動的經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)的方法學(xué)名稱和參考文獻(xiàn)：Name and reference of approved monitoring methodology applied to the project activity: D.2. 選擇該方法學(xué)的理由和為什么它可應(yīng)用于該項目活動Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: D.2. 1.選擇1：監(jiān)

22、測項目和基準(zhǔn)情景的排放Option 1: Monitoring of the emissions in the project scenario and the baseline scenario D. 2.2. 選擇2：直接監(jiān)測項目的減排量Option 2: Direct monitoring of emission reductions from the project activity D.2.3. 監(jiān)測計劃中泄漏的設(shè)備 Treatment of leakage in the monitoring plan D.2.4. 說明用于估算項目減排的公式Description of formu

23、lae used to estimate emission reductions for the project activity D.3. 實(shí)施監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量控制和保證程序 Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitoredD.4. 說明項目實(shí)施單位為監(jiān)測項目減排及泄漏運(yùn)行和管理結(jié)構(gòu)Please describe the operational and management structure that the project operator w

24、ill implement in order to monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects, generated by the project activityD.5. 確定監(jiān)測方法人員/機(jī)構(gòu)的信息Name of person/entity determining the monitoring methodology:2022/7/2913精選課件 PDD E項：計算各種溫室氣體源的排放量PDD SECTION E: Estimation of GHG emissions by sourcesE.1.說明溫室氣體源的排放量： Es

25、timate of GHG emissions by sources: E.2.預(yù)期的泄漏：Estimated leakage: E.3.E.1和E.2之和表示該項目活動的排放量：The sum of E.1 and E.2 representing the project activity emissions:E.4.說明溫室氣體源的人為排放量的基準(zhǔn)Estimated anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases of the baseline:E.5. E.4和E.3之差表示該項目活動的減排量：Difference betwe

26、en E.4 and E.3 representing the emission reductions of the project activityE.6. 列出應(yīng)用上述公式時得到的數(shù)值的表格：Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above2022/7/2914精選課件項目邊界與泄漏：Project Boundaries and Leakage項目邊界：Project boundary 項目邊界項目邊界應(yīng)包括在項目參與者控制范圍內(nèi)的、數(shù)量可觀并可合理歸因于清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項目活動的所有溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量。The

27、 project boundary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity.泄漏定義：Leakage:為項目邊界之外出現(xiàn)的并且是可測量的和可歸因于清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項目活動的溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量的凈變化。Leakage is d

28、efined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.2022/7/2915精選課件泄漏：Leakage確保所有由于項目產(chǎn)生的排放都應(yīng)予以考慮。泄漏可能是負(fù)面的也可能是正面的。對正面的泄漏可以根據(jù)保守的原則予以忽略，而對負(fù)面的泄漏影響則必須考慮。Ens

29、ure that all emissions that are affected by the project are taken into account. Leakage might be positive or negative. When/if identified, positive leakage may not be accounted for in order to be conservative in ER estimation. Negative leakage effects should always be accounted for unless explicitly stated otherwise in the methodology.例如：Examples: 生物質(zhì)的運(yùn)輸：Transport of biomass生物質(zhì)的缺乏導(dǎo)致石化燃料消費(fèi)：Scarcity of biomass forces increase in fossil fuel consumption與施工有關(guān)的排放：Construction related emissions2022/7/2916精選課件溫室氣體排放源：GHG emissions by sources直接現(xiàn)場排放Direct on-site emissions直