1、相控陣雷達與芯片系統(tǒng)在5G通信上的應(yīng)用Enabling technologies for 5G2 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Enabling technologies for 5G3 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Why do we need phased array for mm-Wave system?where4 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017PGGTXTXRX24R2Friis Free SpaceEquation:

2、 PRX PTX is transmit power PRX is receive powerGTX is transmit antennagain GRX is receive antennagain is wavelengthR is dis tan ce betweentransmitter and receiverFor WLAN system,fc = 2.4GHz, BW=20MHz, Linked budget loss :20*log10(1/2.4)+10*log10(1/2e6) =-80dBFor mm-wave antenna system like 60GHz, fc

3、 = 60GHz,BW=2GHz,Linked budget loss : 20*log10(1/60)+10*log10(1/2e9)=-128dBi.e. In order for mm-wave system to achieve similar link budget as WLAN system with similar PTX, we need to rely on directional antenna point to point communication with high gain GTX and GRX.The Values and Goals of 5G Antenn

4、a5 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017術(shù)語定義：AoB天線AoB即Antenna on Board，是一種基于PCB工藝的天線射頻一體化的設(shè)計。天線印制在PCB上，并將已封裝的射頻芯片焊 接在該PCB同平面或者不同平面上，該PCB制成板稱為AoB模塊。AoB一般天線規(guī)模比較大，如256單元的天線陣列。AiP天線AiP天線即Antenna in Package，天線通過PCBLTCC或其他工藝與射頻裸片封裝在一起的模塊，或天線直接制作在裸片上并封裝在一起的模塊，該模塊一般帶有BGA焊球，可直接焊接在PCB母板上使用。通常AiP天線陣列的規(guī)模較

5、小。雙極化天線雙極化天線的特點是含水平與垂直或傾斜+-45度兩種極化方式。其優(yōu)點是同時可以傳輸或接收雙數(shù)據(jù)流，同時實現(xiàn)波 束任意指向而互不干擾。對于未來的5G通信，雙極化天線優(yōu)于單極化天線更高傳輸速率、更多靈活性、更加魯棒性等 特點，滿足5G通信中回傳、AP、移動終端等場景要求。瓦片式架構(gòu)軍用領(lǐng)域常用術(shù)語，主要依賴密度集成技術(shù)(HDI) 和小型化、高性能高可靠射頻垂直互聯(lián)。采用瓦片式架構(gòu)的相控陣 雷達非常利于散熱，也就大大減少了功率自耗，大大增加了天線陣列的性能。磚塊式架構(gòu)是早期較流行的陣列結(jié)構(gòu)，元器件放置方向垂直于相控陣天線孔徑平面，輻射陣元通常采用偶極子或錐形槽天線。其電路與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計遵循傳

6、統(tǒng)的分系統(tǒng)概念，信號互聯(lián)、測試與封裝技術(shù)繼承性好，缺點是縱向尺寸大。AESA有源相控陣技術(shù)AESA是electronically scanned array的縮寫，電子掃描陣列雷達是指一類通過改變天線陣列所發(fā)出波束的合成方式，來 改變波束掃描方向的雷達。這種設(shè)計有別于機械掃描的雷達天線PPAR無源相控陣雷達PPAR是Passive Phased Array Radar的縮寫，即無源電子掃描陣列雷達的一種。“無源”的意思是指天線表面的陣列單元只有改變“信號相位”的能力而沒有發(fā)射信號的能力。Phased Array Simulation Process6 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July

7、31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Design Procedures7 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017完成天線單元原型設(shè)計完成天線單元floquet mode分析完成天線陣列設(shè)計完成波束成形與波束掃描設(shè)計射頻饋線分析系統(tǒng)級聯(lián)協(xié)同仿真Part I Antenna Unit Design8 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Antenna Unit DesignAntenna unit design use “cross slot” aperture structure, two

8、feeding structure are micro-strip and strip line for dual-polarization antenna, the antenna unit performance has RL-15dB with 9 GHz bandwidth.Two patch antenna were used for antenna unit design, the top patch will increase the BW of antenna.NameTypeMaterialDielectric FillPropertylayer 1dielectricPP1

9、layer 2MetalcopperPP1patchlayer 3dielectricPP3layer 4MetalcopperPP3patchlayer 5dielectricPP1layer 6MetalcopperPP2microstriplayer 7dielectricPP2layer 8MetalcopperPP2groundlayer 9dielectricPP2layer 10MetalcopperPP2Strip linelayer 11dielectricPP2layer 12MetalcopperPP2groundlayer 13dielectricPP1layer 14

10、MetalcopperPP1groundStackup layers for antenna and PCBantenna unit Geometrystrip line feedMicrostrip line feedGrd & aperture Geometry9 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Antenna Unit Design in free spaceAntenna element in free space, S11-15 dB，bandwidth of RL is 5864GHzIsolation level betwee

11、n 5766GHz is less than -30dBThe realized gain of unit is 7.9dB，typical patch antenna patternantenna unit realized gainReturn Loss of antenna unitisolation of antenna unit10 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Antenna Unit in ArrayAntenna unit in infinite array, S11-10 dB，Bandwidth is 6064GHz，

12、nearly 4GHzIsolation level between 5766GHz is less than -30dBThe Unit gain in infinite array is 2.8dB，the difference between co-polar & cross-polarization is 40dB.antenna unit realized gainReturn Loss of antenna unitisolation of antenna unitantenna unit co-polar vs cross-polar realized gain11 2017 A

13、NSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Part II floquet mode analysis forScan Blindness12 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Floquet mode AnalysisFloquet mode calculator can simulate main and higher wave mode while terminated other undesired mode by unit length of attenuation (dB/length)Grid si

14、zeFrequencyScan of range13 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Scan blindness Simulation(realized gain vs frequency)0,0220,0scos( )2TEG 4A TMRealized Gain calculated directly from Floquet Transmission CoefficientsRealized gain at Phi=0 frequency sweepRealized gain at Phi=90 frequency sweepFro

15、m Floquet mode simulation, the realized gain doesnt degraded when beam scan from theta 060 degree, it indicates no scan blindness were found between 5671GHzIt found the realized gain drops when beam scan from theta from 5060 deg, it indicates there is scan blindness at phi=90 (E-plane)14 2017 ANSYS,

16、 Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Animation of E filed for theta scan2017/7/3E field for Theta 0 Phi 0 (broadside)E field for Theta 0 Phi 90(broadside)E field for Theta 60 Phi 0E field for Theta 60 Phi 90From E-filed Animation, there is no higher mode(grating lobe or surface wave) were found from scan

17、 elevation angle of 060 degree115 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Part III Antenna array simulation16 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Antenna Array 256 Elements Simulation ResultsRectangular array with 16X16 elements, when array feed uniformly, peak gain is 26.8dB, HPBW is 6.37

18、 degWhen array feed uniformly, the active S parameter of center element is -24dB,the edge elements is - 24 dBHFSS simulation for 256 elements using FA-DDM profile： Simulation time is 29 hrs Total RAM 647GBantenna array simulation using FA-DDMArray 2D radiation pattern at 60GHzantenna active S parame

19、tersCenter elementEdge elements17 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Dual Polarization Antenna Array Beam Steer PerformanceRectangular array with 16X16 elements, when array feed uniformly, peak gain is 26.8dB, HPBW is 6.37 degDual-polarization array can realize any beam point and beam steer,

20、 when beam point to elevation angle of 60dB, the realized gain only drop 3.5dB (13%)Antenna Array Beam Steer at E planeTheta scanHPBW at E planePeak Gain at E planeHPBW at H planePeak Gain at H plane06.3726.876.3927.18-307.4726.977.4227.15307.4626.83-6012.3623.4712.4123.386012.3923.42Antenna Array B

21、eam Steer at H planeAntenna Array Beam Steer at E & H plane18 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Dual Polarization Antenna Array Beam Steer Performance3D radiation pattern for E-plane and H-plane beam scan, the dual polarization antenna can realized scanrange of elevation angle of -6060 degr

22、eeThere is no amplitude ripple for main lobes and side lobes, it implies dual-polarization array can support dual stream of data transmission.19 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Part IV Antenna array with PCB feeding network20 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Stackup in 3D layout

23、21 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Antenna with Feed linesTop viewSketch viewSide viewAntenna to PCB to BGA transition22 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Antenna to PCB mappingANTRF portA1,1RF10A1,2RF9A1,3RF1A1,4RF2A2,1RF12A2,2RF11A2,3RF3A2,4RF4A3,1RF13A3,2RF14A3,3RF6A3,4RF5A4,1

24、RF15A4,2RF16A4,3RF8A4,4RF7A1,1A2,1A3,1A1,2A1,3A1,4RF1RF2RF3RF4RF5 RF6RF7RF8RF9RF10RF11 RF12RF13RF14 RF15RF16A4,123 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Return Loss of Antenna from BGA24 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017isolation level between BGA portOverall isolation level -10dBWors

25、e case happen at center RF port (RF4 to RF5 & RF12 to RF13)25 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Phase difference simulation modelAntenna port (output)RF ports withinFEM (input)16 waveport for CPW line26 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Phase difference from FEM RF port to AntennaO

26、verall phase difference is with 5 degree variationThe largest phase difference occurs at RF8 & RF16 with 7 degree variation27 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Phase difference from FEM RF port to Antenna28 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Freq GHz555760626466687071cang_deg(St(P1,

27、RF1)87.9263.2726.993.31-20.26-44.09-68.63-94.33-107.66cang_deg(St(P2,RF2)91.9167.4831.227.34-16.47-40.50-65.15-90.64-103.74cang_deg(St(P3,RF3)91.0566.6130.446.65-17.08-41.09-65.83-91.65-105.02cang_deg(St(P4,RF4)92.8168.2632.098.48-14.88-38.34-62.35-87.28-100.17cang_deg(St(P5,RF5)92.7468.2032.048.46-

28、14.89-38.37-62.39-87.36-100.28cang_deg(St(P6,RF6)91.3866.9830.877.10-16.62-40.62-65.34-91.11-104.44cang_deg(St(P7,RF7)91.8567.4231.187.31-16.49-40.54-65.17-90.69-103.81cang_deg(St(P8,RF8)87.7263.0026.692.93-20.18-44.05-68.63-94.32-107.64cang_deg(St(P9,RF9)88.0063.3527.053.62-20.04-43.92-68.49-94.22-

29、107.58cang_deg(St(P10,RF10)92.0867.6431.387.52-16.29-40.32-64.95-90.49-103.61cang_deg(St(P11,RF11)91.2666.8330.686.90-16.83-40.84-65.57-91.37-104.73cang_deg(St(P12,RF12)92.7768.2432.068.46-14.90-38.35-62.33-87.23-100.10cang_deg(St(P13,RF13)92.5467.9831.808.21-15.14-38.58-62.56-87.46-100.34cang_deg(S

30、t(P14,RF14)91.4167.0130.917.15-16.57-40.60-65.35-91.18-104.55cang_deg(St(P15,RF15)91.6467.1830.927.03-16.78-40.82-65.47-91.02-104.15cang_deg(St(P16,RF16)87.9063.2127.213.40-20.17-43.93-68.08-93.97-107.39min87.7263.0026.692.93-20.26-44.09-68.63-94.33-107.66max92.8168.2632.098.48-14.88-38.34-62.33-87.

31、23-100.10average90.9466.4230.226.49-17.10-40.94-65.39-90.90-104.07delta5.095.265.395.565.385.746.307.107.56Insertion lossOverall insertion loss from RF port to Antenna port - 1.5dB29 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Gain VS realized GainTypical element gain (not incl. mismatching)Typical E

32、lement Realized gain(incl. mismatching)Typical element gain (not incl. mismatching)30 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Typical Element Realized gain(incl. mismatching)Element Gain at 70GHz at broadsideElement gain has some variation between edge elements and center element.Half power Beamw

33、idth also varies from 70100 deg at H plane and 5590 deg at E plane.Realized gain variation is about 3dB due to mismatching ortransition loss (PCB trace/vias).31 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Beam Steer Performancebroadside32 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Scan at H planScan

34、at E planBeam Steer Performance incl. PCB trace and BGAH plane beam steer performanceE plane beam steer performance33 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017Beam Steer Performance for different frequencyE plane beam steer performance atfrequency of 57.5/62/66/70GHzE plane beam steer performance

35、at frequency of 57.5/62/66/70GHz34 2017 ANSYS, Inc.July 31, 2017ANSYS UGM 2017A set of phase at RF port for array have arranged for different frequencies, in generalhigher frequency require large phase shift between adjacent elements.It shows realized gain of higher frequency such as 70GHz usually has higher gain when small scan angle set, while realized gain of 70GHz drops significantl