1、 任務型閱讀專練 六Passage 1 Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise? It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.Its strange how mean we are about praising. Perhaps its because few o

2、f us know how to accept praise gracefully . Instead , we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.Do you ever go into a house and say, “ What a tidy room!” Hardly anybody does. Thats why ho

3、usework is considered such a boring job. Shakespeare said, “ Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she is worthy of praise.Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding. Still, we are unaware of chil

4、drens small achievements and we seldom apply the rule. One day I was criticizing my children for quarrelling. “Can you never play peacefully?” I shouted. Susanna looked at me confused. “ Of course I can,” she said. “But you dont notice us when we do.”Teachers agree about the value of praise. “ I bel

5、ieve that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,” writes a teacher, “ and that he is hungry for a belief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.”Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tenden

6、cy to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result. In one such experiment, a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days. One group was constantly praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized;

7、 the third was ignored. Not surprisingly, those who were praised improved dramatically. Those who were criticized improved ,too, but not so much. And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all. Interestingly, the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by

8、praise, but the less able children, who reacted badly to criticism, needed praise the most.To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moments thought and a moments effortperhaps a quick phone call to pass on good comments , or write an appreciative letter. It is such a small investmentand yet cons

9、ider the results it may produce. We will not only bring joy into other peoples lives, but also, very often, added happiness into our room.” I can live for two months on a good compliment.” said Mark Twain.Title : Profits of PraiseThemeCompared with_【小題1】_ , praise should be valued and appreciated mo

10、re.Reasons for unwillingnessto give praiseWe feel embarrassed and ignore the words pleasant to our ears_【小題2】_ than accept them gracefully.We have _【小題3】_ giving direct praise because of our so-called defensive reaction.Importance of praise in some casesA housewife _【小題4】_ to be praised for her sacr

11、ifices and devotion .A mother is supposed to be aware of their childrens small achievements and _【小題5】_ the rule of giving praise.A student waits _【小題6】_ for a good comment from his teacher when he hands in his homework above his usual standard.Findings of experiments on profits of praiseEverybody_【

12、小題7】_ to repeat an act if praised more often.Those who receive constant praise have made dramatic improvement.Unlike brilliant children, less able children _【小題8】_ badly to criticism desperately need praise._【小題9】_It pays to make a moments _【小題10】_ to pass on praise, for it brings added joy and happ

13、iness to our lives as well as others.Passage 2 Change 3 is a lunar(月球的) exploration mission operated by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), incorporating a robotic lander and Chinas first lunar rover. The spacecraft was named after Change, the goddess of the Moon, and is a follow-up to t

14、he Change 1 and Change 2 lunar orbiters. The rover was named Yutu following an online poll, after the mythological rabbit that lives on the Moon as a pet of the Moon goddess. Change 3 achieved lunar orbit on 6 December 2013 and landed on 14 December 2013, becoming the first probe to soft-land on the

15、 Moon since Luna 24 in 1976.In January 2004, the Peoples Republic of Chinas lunar orbiter project was formally established. The first Chinese lunar orbiter, Change 1, was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center on 24 October 2007 and entered lunar orbit on 5 November. The spacecraft operated u

16、ntil 1 March 2009, when it was intentionally impacted into the surface of the Moon. Data gathered by Change 1 were used to create an accurate 3-D map of the entire lunar surface, assisting site selection for the Change 3 lander.Change 1s successor, Change 2, was approved on October 2008 and was laun

17、ched on 1 October 2010 to conduct research from a 100-km-high lunar orbit, in preparation for Change 3s 2013 soft landing. Change 2, though similar in design to Change 1, was equipped with improved instruments and provided higher-resolution imagery of the lunar surface to assist in the planning of t

18、he Change 3 mission. In March 2012, China began manufacturing the body and payload of the Change 3 lander, which will attempt to perform lunar surface and space studies independently of the missions mobile rover.Like its orbiting predecessors, the Change 3 mission is planned as a precursor（先驅）to fur

19、ther robotic lunar exploration missions, including Change 5, a sample return mission planned for 2017. Following these automated missions, a manned landing may be conducted around 2025. Change 3 will attempt to perform the first direct measurement of the structure and depth of the lunar soil down to

20、 a depth of 30 m (98 ft), and investigate the lunar crust(殼) structure down to several hundred meters deep. The development of the six-wheeled rover began in 2002 and was completed in May 2010. It has a total mass of approximately 120 kg, with a payload capacity of approximately 20 kg. It can perfor

21、m simple analysis of soil samples and may transmit video in real time. It can navigate inclines(斜坡) and has automatic sensors to prevent it from colliding(碰撞) with other objects.The rover was successfully deployed from the lander, and it made contact with the lunar surface on 14 December. After taki

22、ng pictures of each other the lander and rover will start their respective science missions. The rover is designed to explore an area of 3 square kilometres during its 3-month mission, with a maximum travelling distance of 10 km.Title: Change 3_【小題1】_It is a lunar exploration mission operated by CNS

23、A, incorporating a robotic lander and Chinas first lunar rover.Name SourceIt was named after the goddess of the Moon, _【小題2】_ up the names of Change 1 and Change 2. The Historyof Chinas Lunar Exploration ProgramThe programIn January 2004，it was formally established.Change 1On 24 October 2007, it was

24、 launched and entered lunar orbit on 5 November.On 1 March 2009, it was impacted into the surface of the Moon on purpose.To help select a proper _【小題3】_for Change 3 lander, data about the entire lunar surface were gathered. Change 2On October 2008, it was approved and launched _【小題4】_ years later. I

25、ts mission was to conduct research for Change 3 soft landing.Although _【小題5】_designed, it was better equipped than Change 1. Change 3Started in March 2012, it achieved lunar orbit on 6 December 2013 and landed 8 days later, becoming the _【小題6】_ probe to soft-land on the Moon since Luna 24 in 1976. T

26、he objectives are to measure the structure and depth of lunar soil and investigate the lunar crust to a great _【小題7】_.Change 5A sample return mission planned for 2017.Around 2025A manned landing may be conducted. Information about the roverIt was began in 2002 and completed in 2010, _【小題8】_ about 12

27、0 kg with a payload capacity of 20 kg or so. It has many _【小題9】_, from analyzing soil samples to protecting itself. After the first _【小題10】_ with the moon on 14 December, it will stay on the moon for 3 months, exploring an area of 3 square km and travelling a maximum distance of 10 km.答案Passage 3Pro

28、blem: On the scale of problems, “pictures of food on the Internet” is firmly first-world. And that is almost certainly a too-generous definition of “problem.” When it comes to photographing and putting your dinner on line, I say live and let live, you know? Maybe your salad was particularly inviting

29、 and pleasing that night, and I, too, have spent many an hour clicking “random” on Smitten Kitchen and salivating（流口水）.But I assume if youre making the effort to arrange your food artfully and preserve its memory in a digital archive, you must. like food. And want it to taste good. A recent study pu

30、blished in the Journal of Consumer Psychology suggests that spending time focusing on images of food makes the food itself less satisfying.Methodology: The researchers assumed that imagining enjoying something might lead to satiation - the feeling that makes the second piece of cake taste not-quite-

31、as-good as the first. To test this, they had some people participate in two experiments that they were told were separate - one in which they rated how appetizing different photos of food looked, and one in which they ate some peanuts and rated how much they enjoyed them.A separate group of people d

32、id the same experiment again, but in the photo-rating portion, some were asked to rate how appetizing the food was or to choose a preference between two foods, and some were asked to rate the brightness of the photo itself.Results: The more photos of food people looked at, the less they enjoyed the

33、peanuts - if they were looking at photos of salty food. People who looked carefully at images of sweets enjoyed the peanuts more, suggesting that imagination causes satiation only if youre imagining a similar food. In the second experiment, participants who focused on the brightness of the photos we

34、re able to enjoy the peanuts more than those who were thinking about the deliciousness of foods while they looked at the images.Implications: Youll probably enjoy your food more if you dont take a picture of it, or scroll through images of cookies at work and then eat one when you get home. This als

35、o has potential implications for advertisers, who may unknowingly be giving away satiation for free when they show images of chicken wings or whatever in front of us all day long. But luckily the study provides a hint: Try not to think about the foods taste while you take a photo - just focus on you

36、r composition. 答案Passage 4Disability aids are vital to those who suffer problems with executing work with two hands. These are people who have been disabled due to some major sickness or some other problems. In order to help them carry on their work in the normal way, disability aids are manufacture

37、d. This helps them make their life a lot easier than what it would have been without these aids. The kind of disability aids that an individual might require depends on the person only. It is the problem that a person faces that decides the aids that he/she will use for carrying out their respective

38、 jobs. The following is the list of a few disability aids that come of significant use.The first and foremost aid is the stocking aid, aiding the individuals suffering from the problem of bending down to reach the foot and wear their own socks. These stocking aids have a gutter(槽) that is made up of

39、 plastic material. These gutters are shaped in a certain way along with the attachment of cotton tapes in it. The sock is then put over the gutter. The foot is placed inside the gutter. The cotton tapes help in pulling the socks up the leg and subsequently the sock. In this manner, the sock is worn

40、by a person who has problems wearing it by bending ones back and reaching the foot.There are openers that help the people who have problems with their hands or wrists to open bottles of ketchup, jam and other such bottles and jars that necessitates the use of hands and fingers. The third type of dis

41、ability aids that comes to our minds are lifts. Now what are lifts? Lifts are certain machines that help in lifting people from specific areas, such as a bathtub or a set of stairs. These lifts are of varied types and come for numerous applications. It is for the individual to decide the type that h

42、e/she requires to use.For people, who have problems in balancing their upper bodies in a stable manner, there is something known as grab rails(扶手). These grab rails are installed for those who have mobility problems in their upper bodies. These rails come in varieties of shapes, sizes and angles. Th

43、ese grab rails are available to home users as well, in their different variations. One can purchase and fix one to their homes according to ones specificities. These grab rails require the act of screwing and drilling in order to fix them to their appropriate place. The prices of these rails also vary according to the variation of their shapes a