1、會計學1Warming upCCTV International, China Daily, Peoples Daily, China Radio International, Shanghai Daily, South China Morning Post, Xinhua News Agency2. Name some Chinese news sources in EnglishSome English-language newspapers worth mentioning may be: The Times (泰晤士報), The Guardian (衛報, Financial Tim

2、es (UK) (金融時報), The Wall Street Journal (華爾街日報), The New York Times (紐約時報), International Herald Tribune (USA) (國際先驅論壇報).3. Name some famous international newspapers. 第1頁/共119頁Warming up Work in pairs. Look at the first sentence of the passage and decide which is the main responsibility of a journal

3、ist.What is the responsibility of a journalist? 1 to tell the truth 2 to simplify things so that people will understand easily 3 to use a style people will enjoy reading 4 to do what the editor has asked 5 to find out as much as possible about the topic 6 not to get involved personally in the news e

4、ventNow read the passage and compare your ideas with the writers.第2頁/共119頁Skimming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 51.Task Choose the best summary of the passage.1. Journalists are human beings like the rest of us. We

5、cannot expect them to be completely objective when faced with difficult situations, and we cannot expect their reports to be completely accurate as a result. 第3頁/共119頁Skimming2. Journalists sometimes have to make difficult decisions about how, and what, to report. It is important for everyone to rea

6、lize how difficult these decisions are, and to recognize that editors and readers should share part of the responsibility for these decisions too.3. In extreme situations, journalists should be prepared not to report the news as it happens. These situations may instead require them to help people in

7、 difficulty, or to take decisions about how far they can try and find out about peoples private lives. The best summary is: 2.第4頁/共119頁Skimming Answer the questions.1 What is the meaning of hard in the title “Hard news”?Hard news, in comparison with soft news, consists of factual, up-to-the-minute a

8、ccounts of events taking place. But the writer is also making use of the meaning “difficult”. Journalists need to take difficult decisions. 第5頁/共119頁Skimming2 Which three typical difficult situations does the writer refer to? Stopping illegal executions or simply photographing them; revealing the na

9、me of a source of a story who will get into trouble as a result, or refusing to do so; publishing or not a photograph of a celebrity in a private moment. To sum up, the three Situations are: getting involved or staying neutral; protecting sources or revealing them; revealing private matters of famou

10、s people or not.第6頁/共119頁Skimming3 What is the job of a journalist, at first sight?To record whats happening, accurately and based on facts.4 What are journalists in danger of losing if they do this job? They may lose their humanity, sympathetic attitude to other people.第7頁/共119頁Skimming5 Which two

11、real news events does the writer refer to?The shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald and the death of Princess Diana in a car crash.6 Which are the three qualities the news media should have?Being professional, reliable and responsible to the public.7 Why is The New York Times sometimes slower in publishing

12、news than its rivals?It likes to take time to check for accuracy.第8頁/共119頁Hard News譯文Digging1 What is the responsibility of a journalist? Is it to inform their readers? Or is it to please their editor? Is it to remain on the side of the law, at all costs? Or is it simply to write a good story? Or is

13、 there some responsibility to behave as a human being, whatever the cost or the danger? 2 Here are a few dilemmas some journalists have faced.第9頁/共119頁3 A photographer in a war zone takes photos of an army officer executing rebel soldiers. Its possible that he might have been able to stop the office

14、r shooting the prisoners. But he chose to honour his responsibilities towards his editor and the newspaper readers, which was to report what was happening. Should he have got involved, or was he simply doing his job?Digging第10頁/共119頁4 A journalist is investigating a major fraud in a big city bank. A

15、 bank employee reveals to her the method by which the crime was committed, and the identities of the criminals. In doing so, the employee admits his own minor implication in the crime. The police launch their own investigation, and ask the journalist to reveal the name of her source. She refuses, cl

16、aiming that her professional standards oblige her to protect her sources. Should she be praised for her principles, or charged with preventing the police from solving the crime?譯文Digging第11頁/共119頁5 A newspaper publishes photos of a well-known film actor whose career is promoted by her frequent appea

17、rances in the media. On this occasion, the photos were taken while the actor was on holiday in a private home abroad. The actor intends to take the newspaper to court for invasion of her private life. Is the newspaper simply doing what its readers expect it to do, or is the actor entitled to separat

18、e her private from her public life?譯文Digging第12頁/共119頁6 What do you think? 7 The ethical responsibility of the journalist is endlessly discussed, both in general, and in particular cases. At first, the answer seems simple: The journalists job is to record whats happening, accurately and based on fac

19、ts. 譯文Digging第13頁/共119頁8 But sometimes doing a journalists job is at the cost of their humanity. When Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald, the man arrested for killing President John F Kennedy, a photographer was present. But could he have dropped his camera and stopped Ruby from firing his gun? And if

20、 he had done so, would we know more about who ordered the killing of the president than we do now? 譯文Digging第14頁/共119頁9 And were the photographers ethically right to pursue Princess Diana and her partner in order to obtain photos at such speeds as to cause her car to crash? Or was it a fair and reas

21、onable news story which respected the readers right to know about a relationship affecting the state of the British royal family?譯文Digging第15頁/共119頁10 So should the journalist always stand back and watch while people kill each other, or should they ever get involved as human beings?譯文Digging第16頁/共11

22、9頁11 Clearly, the journalists code of practice varies from country to country. Yet most acknowledge the need to report a story accurately, to provide proof of any claims or protect their sources, and to correct mistakes. The news media relies on their journalists behaviour in order to support its th

23、ree most important assets: being professional, reliable and responsible to the public. 譯文Digging第17頁/共119頁Some newspapers, such as The New York Times, recognize the potential for conflict between the need for speed and accuracy, and tend to publish important stories more slowly than their competitor

24、s.譯文Digging第18頁/共119頁12 So, the ethical responsibility of a journalist is not quite as simple as it first appears. And its a responsibility that needs to be shared.13 It needs to be shared by the editors, who sometimes show shots of dead enemy soldiers, in order to convey the tragedy of the war, but

25、 not to show shots of our own dead soldiers, for fear of offending both their relatives and the readers.譯文Digging第19頁/共119頁譯文Digging14 It needs to be shared by the owners of media organizations, who may accept advertising from unethical companies. They do this in order to appeal to the people who ho

26、ld investments in the organization. Otherwise, they will not have the finances to pursue their mission to explain.第20頁/共119頁Digging16 We all need to accept that a journalist is not simply a hunting dog chasing a good story to be consumed like dead meat by the strong, at the expense of the weak. We n

27、eed to accept that both workers in the media, and its consumers, the audience and readers, are above all human beings a characteristic which we all share.第21頁/共119頁inform釋義vt. to officially tell someone something or give them information about something 通知；告知例句The President has been fully informed o

28、f developments. 已經向總統匯報了事態的全部進展。 翻譯WordsThe manager promised to keep me informed of how our business was going on. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題例句Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible. 地址如有變更，請盡早通知我們。 翻譯第22頁/共119頁dilemma 釋義n. C a situation in which you have t

29、o make a difficult decision 窘境；困境 例句 Im in a dilemma over whether to tell him or not. 我進退兩難，不知道是否該告訴他。 翻譯Words例句Many single parents struggle with the dilemma of dividing time between work and children. 許多單身父母在給工作和給子女的時間分配上處于兩難境地。翻譯第23頁/共119頁execute 釋義vt. to kill someone as a punishment for a crime 處

30、死；處決 例句The general was executed for war crimes. 將軍因戰爭罪被處死。 翻譯Words例句He said nobody had been executed as a direct result of the events. 他說沒有人直接因為那些事件而被處死。 翻譯第24頁/共119頁rebel釋義1a. (only before noun) relating to rebels or their activities 反叛（者）的；造反（者）的 例句rebel troops叛軍翻譯Words第25頁/共119頁rebel釋義2n. C someo

31、ne who tries to remove a government or leader using force 造反者；反叛者 例句They sent in troops to back the rebels. 他們派來軍隊支持叛亂分子。 翻譯Words例句Anti-government rebels have seized the radio station. 反政府的叛亂分子占領了電臺。 翻譯第26頁/共119頁釋義例句Recently there have been widespread credit card fraud. 最近各地頻繁出現信用卡詐騙事件。翻譯Wordsn. C,

32、U the crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them 詐騙；欺詐fraud例句The police arrested him for tax fraud. 警方因他在納稅上的欺詐行為把他逮捕了。 翻譯第27頁/共119頁minor 釋義a. not very important 較不重要的；次要的例句We made a few minor changes to the plan. 這個計劃我們作了一些小小的修改。 翻譯Words例句翻譯Most of the passengers suffered only minor inj

33、uries. 大部分乘客只受了點輕傷。 真題The flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Listening comprehension)第28頁/共119頁oblige 釋義vt. (usu passive) to force someone to do something because it is the law, a rule, or a duty 迫使例句You are legally obliged to

34、pay this fine. 從法律上講，你有義務繳納這筆罰款。 翻譯WordsThe law obliges parents to send their children to school.法律規定父母有讓子女接受教育的義務。例句翻譯第29頁/共119頁charge釋義vt. to accuse someone officially of committing a crime 控告；指控例句Two men have been charged in connection with the fire. 兩個人被指控與火災有關。 翻譯Words例句The prosecution charged

35、that he had accepted a bribe. 檢察院起訴他收受賄賂。 翻譯第30頁/共119頁media 釋義n. C (the ) radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, and magazines, considered as a group 媒體；傳媒例句The media have launched a bitter attack on the Ministry of Railways. 大眾傳媒向鐵道部發起了猛烈攻擊。 翻譯WordsThis research has attracted wide media cover

36、age and has featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure )真題例句There was a lot of media coverage of the wedding. 媒體大張旗鼓地報道了這場婚禮。 翻譯第31頁/共119頁court 釋義n. C, U a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided 法庭；法院例句They tried to settle the case out

37、 of court. 這個案子他們試圖庭外和解。翻譯WordsI would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題例句I dont think that argument would stand up in a court of law. 我認為這個論據在法庭上是站不住腳的。 翻譯第32頁/共119頁entitle釋義vt. to give someone the right to do somethin

38、g 給（某 人）權利；給（某人）資格例句Only full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance. 只有全職雇員才有資格獲得健康保險。 翻譯Words例句Membership entitles you to the full use of our fitness facilities. 會員可以使用我們這兒的所有健身器材。 翻譯Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. (Jan

39、. 2003, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題第33頁/共119頁ethical釋義a. involving the principles used for deciding what is right and what is wrong 倫理的；道德的 例句翻譯WordsIs it ethical to use drugs to control prisoners behaviour? 用藥物來控制犯人的行為合乎道德嗎？ unethical反義詞例句翻譯The use of animals in scientific tests raises some

40、difficult ethical questions. 在科學實驗中使用動物引發了一些難以解決的道德問題。 第34頁/共119頁arrest釋義vt. if the police arrest someone, they take that person to a police station because they believe he or she has committed a crime 逮捕；拘捕；拘留 例句翻譯WordsThe policeman arrested the drunk for disturbing the peace. 警察以擾亂治安罪逮捕了那個醉漢。 Anot

41、her policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. (Jun. 1997, CET-4, Listening comprehension)真題例句翻譯Police made 20 arrests at yesterdays demonstration. 昨天的示威游行中，警察逮捕了20人。 第35頁/共119頁royal 釋義a. relating to a king or queen or the members of their family 國王的；

42、女王的；王室的 例句翻譯WordsOpposition within the royal family was crushed. 王族內的反對派被清除了。 真題Lets go and see a new movie at the Royal Theatre. I hear its a real story of two prison breakers. (Jan. 1998, CET-4, Listening Comprehension) 例句翻譯The Summer Palace, which used to be a royal garden, is my favourite park.

43、頤和園是我最喜歡的公園，它以前是座皇家園林。 第36頁/共119頁code 釋義n. C a set of rules about how something should be done or how people should behave 準 則； 規 范；行為規則例句翻譯WordsThe profession has a strict code of practice. 這個專業有嚴格的行業守則。 they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavio

44、r. (Jan. 2002, CET-4, Reading comprehension) 真題例句翻譯Parents should help to teach children a strong moral code. 家長應幫助教育孩子們形成嚴格的道德規范。第37頁/共119頁proof釋義n. C, U information or evidence that shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists 證據；證物；證詞 例句翻譯Words要享受打折優惠，你必須證明你的學生身份。 To receive the d

45、iscount, you must show proof of student status. We have no proof that any of these well-known conversations actually took place, but we are prepared to believe that they did. (Jan. 1991, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)真題例句翻譯你有什么證據證明這個人偷了你的包嗎？ Do you have any proof that this man stole your bag? 第38頁

46、/共119頁convey釋義vt. to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly （間接 地）表達，傳達（思想或感情）例句翻譯Words她總是對自己的工作表現出一股熱情。 She always conveys a sense of enthusiasm for her work. Jans office conveyed an impression of efficiency and seriousness. 例句翻譯簡的辦公室給人留下高效和莊重的印象。 第39頁/共119頁offend 釋義vt. to make someone upset and

47、angry by doing or saying something 冒犯；得罪；使生氣例句翻譯Words電視節目審查官正在剪掉一些他們稱可能會引起冒犯的鏡頭。 Television censors are cutting out scenes which they claim may offend. 例句翻譯他為自己發表的評論道歉并說他無意冒犯該團體。 He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of offending the community. 第40頁/共119頁privacy釋義n. U the freed

48、om to do things without other people watching you or knowing what you are doing 獨處；個人自由；隱私 例句翻譯Words他們不希望他們的個人隱私受到記者們的侵犯。 They dont want their privacy invaded by reporters. 例句翻譯在個人家里安放竊聽器是對個人私生活的侵犯。 A hidden microphone in a persons home is an invasion of privacy. 第41頁/共119頁chase 釋義v. to follow someo

49、ne or something quickly in order to catch them 追逐；追趕；追蹤 例句翻譯Words警察沿街追趕小偷。The police chased the thief down the street. They decided to chase the cow away before it did more damage. (Jan. 1990, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure)真題例句翻譯外面院子里，孩子們叫喊著在互相追逐。 Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing

50、 each other. 第42頁/共119頁at all costs / at any cost 釋義used for saying that something must be done however difficult it is or however much damage it causes 不惜一切代價This relentless pursuit of economic growth at any cost is questionable. 不惜一切代價追求經濟增長的做法是有問題的。Phrases例句翻譯TextWe will save his life at all cost

51、s. 我們將不惜一切代價挽救他的生命。例句翻譯第43頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯如果你不還清欠款，我就到法院告你。take sb to court to begin a case against someone 把某人送上法庭PhrasesIf you do not pay up, I will take you to court. 例句翻譯我們決定不起訴他們，免得惹事生非。We decided to let sleeping dogs lie and not take them to court. 第44頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯be entitled to do sth to give so

52、meone the official right to do something 使（某人）有權利做某事 Phrases例句翻譯He is entitled to attend the conference. 他有資格參加這個會議。 Im entitled to apply for citizenship. 我有資格申請公民身份。 第45頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯 一般說來，從暴富到破產會經歷四個階段。 in general In general, there seem to be four stages to the flush and crash. as a whole, without

53、giving details 總的來說 Phrases例句翻譯The plant or animal has, in general, the power of reproduction. 一般說來，動植物都有生殖能力。 第46頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯外科醫生一般不給親人動手術，因為他們得置身事外保持冷靜。 stand back Surgeons usually avoid to do operation for their relativesas they have to stand back to stay calm. to not let yourself be influenced

54、by your feelings about a situation so that you can think about it more clearly 置身于一定距離之外（考慮事物）Phrases例句翻譯It is very difficult for parents to stand back when they see their child bullied by other kids.當看到孩子被別的小孩欺負事，家長很難做到置身之外。 第47頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯因為害怕隔墻有耳，我們連說話也得放低聲音。for fear of We hush our voices for fe

55、ar of being heard. (doing) sth in case you make something bad happen 生怕；以免 Phrases例句翻譯For fear of accidents, the driver drove very slowly. 因害怕發生事故，這位司機開得很慢。第48頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯他以損害健康為代價完成了那件工作。at the expense ofHe finished the job at the expense of his health. if something is done at the expense of someo

56、ne or something else, it is only achieved by harming the other person or thing 以為代價Phrases例句翻譯Dont profit yourself at the expense of others. 不要損人利己。第49頁/共119頁釋義例句翻譯我們希望你學習新的技術，遇到新朋友，最重要的是讓自己開心。 above all We hope you will learn new skills, meet new people, and above all enjoy yourself. used for refer

57、ring to something that is more important than any of the other things you could mention 首先；首要的是Phrases例句翻譯This bike is light, strong and, above all, inexpensive.這部腳踏車既輕又堅固，最重要的是價格不貴。第50頁/共119頁Culture pointsJohn F Kennedy (約翰F肯尼迪) (19171963) was President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He wa

58、s assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas on 22 November 1963. His death shocked the whole of America.第51頁/共119頁記者的責任是什么？是向讀者告知信息？還是讓主編滿意？是不惜任何代價站在法律的一邊？還是只管寫一則好的新聞故事？或者說他們是不是有責任遵循人的行為規范，不管要付出多大的代價，冒著多大的危險？這里有幾例記者們遭遇過的左右為難的情形。Translation原文艱難的新聞界第52頁/共119頁一位攝影師拍攝了一組軍官處決反叛士兵的照片。他本來是可能阻止那位軍官

59、射殺戰俘的，但他選擇了履行他對于主編和讀者的責任，即報道所發生的一切。他應該把自己牽扯進去嗎？還是完成他的本職工作就行了？Translation原文第53頁/共119頁有位記者正在調查一家大型城市銀行的重大詐騙案。一位銀行雇員向她透露了罪犯的犯罪手法和身份。講述過程中，這位雇員承認他在這起案件中有輕微牽連。警方展開了調查，他們請這位記者提供線人的姓名。她拒絕了，聲稱她的職業準則使她有責任保護信息提供者。她是應該為堅守原則而受到贊揚呢，還是應該為妨礙警方破案而被指控呢？Translation原文第54頁/共119頁有份報紙刊登了一組某知名電影演員的照片，在媒體的頻頻曝光推動了她的演藝事業。這一次

60、，她在國外的私宅中度假時被拍了照。她打算以侵犯生活隱私的罪名把這家報社告上法庭。這家報社僅僅是做了讀者們期盼它做的事，還是說這位演員有權將她的私生活與公眾生活區別開？Translation原文第55頁/共119頁你怎么看呢？關于記者道德責任的討論從未停止過，有籠統的，也有針對具體案例的。起初，答案似乎很簡單：記者的工作就是準確、如實地記錄下所發生的事。Translation原文第56頁/共119頁然而，從事記者工作有時候是要以犧牲其人性為代價的。當杰克魯比槍殺因刺殺約翰F 肯尼迪總統而被捕的李哈維奧斯瓦爾德時，有位攝影師就在現場。可他能丟下照相機去阻止魯比開槍嗎？如果他真這么做了，我們會不會知