1、 語音語調知識介紹語音語調知識介紹（一）元音（一）元音音音 標標（二）輔音（二）輔音/ i:/ / i /eat - it feel -fillfeet -fit wheel - willsheep - ship sleep - slipCheap -chip seat - sit/?:/ /?/ door short floor before because not hot dog sorry fog blog clock /u:/ /u/ room moon noon choose tool fool school good took cook look book put /:/ /bir

2、d first nurse purpleabout accuse/ /a:/ but cut bus cup touch fun but cut bus cup touch fun class grass past ask answerclass grass past ask answerarm smart park party hard arm smart park party hard /e/ / bed-bad dead-dad said-sad beg-bag bet-bat men-manEnglish Diphthongs 雙元音Centring diphthong 開口 Clos

3、ing diphthongs閉口 Ending in Ending in I ending in I e eI aI I a here hare tourthey cry toy know now /ei/ /i:/-/ei/ seasay great-greet greengrain real-rail sheepshape wheel-whale/ai/ / /e/ sad-side cat-kite smell-smile fell-file child A child is crying by my side./u/ /au/go home so coat boat float kno

4、w snow slow crowd now cow flower mouth loudRead the following words: ear year ill -eelear year ill -eel hear hill hair hell - hirehear hill hair hell - hire fear fill feel fail fell fair fire filefear fill feel fail fell fair fire file Reading aloud Pay special attention to the pronunciation of Engl

5、ish Diphthongs. Your Sense of TastenTaste is one of our five senses. The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell. You hear with your ears, you see with your eyes, and you taste things with your tongue. /p/- /b/ /t /-/d/ /k/-/g/p/- /b/ /t /-/d/ /k/-/g/ 三組爆破音！三組爆破音！ put pub take good cake but book

6、 tap tape dog kite cat shape pet beg bake /p/- /b/ /t /-/d/ /k/-/g/p/- /b/ /t /-/d/ /k/-/g/爆破音中的清輔音，在/s/后被濁化。即/s/+/p/b/ spring spy space speak spread /s/+/t/d/ stand stay still stick style student /s/+/k/g/ sky skill skirt skype escape school 失去爆破和不完全爆破：（Rule 1）爆破音 + 爆破音 當一個爆破音后面緊跟著另一個爆破音時，前面的爆破音不發生

7、爆破。方法是：對于前一個爆破音，只作發音的姿勢，剛要發出時，立即發出第二個爆破音。這種現象叫做失去爆破失去爆破. what time goodbye bedtime big kite（Rule 2）爆破音爆破音 + 摩擦音或破擦音摩擦音或破擦音 （摩擦音：/f, v, , , s, z, , , r, h/） （破擦音：/ts, dz, tr, dr, t, d/）鼻輔音：/m, n, / （舌邊音：/ l/） 當一個爆破音后面緊跟著一個摩擦音或破擦音時，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：對于前一個爆破音，作好發音的姿勢，剛發出時，立即過渡到第二個摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個爆破音發出的聲音是非

8、常輕微的，有時甚至聽不出來。這種現象叫做不完全爆破不完全爆破。 picture big jug good child that joke good morning big nationPractice 1. Stop doing that. 2. See you about four, then. 3. Sometimes I make mistakes in spelling. 4. I cant understand this word. 5. I dont think my husband would let me do that./f/ /v/ 咬唇音！ fish five film

9、finger fifteenvery voice visit vocation vividvery voice visit vocation vivid /s/ /z/s sun eaun eas st wet wes st t S Six ix s silly illy hahas s pri prize ze hi his s ro rose se/ / 咬舌音！咬舌音！t three thank think thousand hree thank think thousand that that there there weatherweather father father/和和 /s

10、/的區別的區別 mousemouth mousemouth sick-thick sick-thick force-forth force-forth / / she ship sheep fish shy shine shrink cash This shop sells fashionable shirts. She sells fresh fish from the ocean.Read the following tongue twister:She sells seashells on the seashore.She sells seashells on the seashore.

11、The shells she sells are seashells Im sure.The shells she sells are seashells Im sure.If she sells seashells on the seashore,If she sells seashells on the seashore,Then she sells seashore shells.Then she sells seashore shells./ /shape shame shine show should measure pleasure occasion persuasion/t/ /

12、d/ chair child children church orange age large college juice /t/ /d/ orange age large college juice jeep just joke jump a large college Every Jack has his Jill. Jack, just give me a large jar of jam. Jim and John enjoy the juice very much./tr/ /dr/ tree try trip trousers train countrydrive dream dr

13、y dress hundred strong /ts/ /dz/ cats kites streets puts fights needs hands friends birds thousandsI saw lots and lots of cats and kites.I saw lots and lots of cats and kites.The guards killed thousands and thousands of birds and cats.The guards killed thousands and thousands of birds and cats./m/ /

14、n/ / my me money most mouth some room comb him new night name now noon moon kind fine wine English sing song thing finger wing/l/ -/n/ light night line nine lion like Nike labor-neighbor low know lead need /n/- / /sin sing thing sun son song given giving clean- cling/ l / late like look sleep loud l

15、unch letter library elephant Lily late like look sleep loud lunch letter library elephant Lily small girl little middle school people beautiful wonderfulsmall girl little middle school people beautiful wonderful B. 連讀連讀 (Linking)：在連貫的語流中，前一個詞的在連貫的語流中，前一個詞的尾輔音尾輔音和后面緊跟的詞的和后面緊跟的詞的詞首是元音詞首是元音時，就時，就自然地拼在一

16、起讀，這稱之為連讀自然地拼在一起讀，這稱之為連讀,如：如：a lot of, one o f us, most o f us, all o f us, look a t it, a map of China, an exercise-book, half a n hour Can you speak English or French?在以字母在以字母r（或（或re）結尾的詞中）結尾的詞中，r（或（或re）一般是不發音的。但如果后面的詞）一般是不發音的。但如果后面的詞的的詞首是元音時詞首是元音時, r（或（或re）就發）就發/r/ 音，音，并與后面詞的詞首元音并與后面詞的詞首元音連讀連讀，如：

17、，如：a pair of shoes, for a long time Where(r)is he? There (r)i s a book on the desk.連讀是連貫的、較快的語流中一種自然連讀是連貫的、較快的語流中一種自然產生的現象產生的現象, 不要故意為連讀而連讀。不要故意為連讀而連讀。有時連句子本身都還讀得不太流利卻故有時連句子本身都還讀得不太流利卻故意連讀意連讀, 反而影響了語流的流暢反而影響了語流的流暢, 甚至混甚至混淆了意思或讓人家根本聽不懂你說的是淆了意思或讓人家根本聽不懂你說的是什么。例如：什么。例如：Try it over and over again. 連讀：連讀

18、： 音的同化音的同化 (Assimilation)在連貫言語中的詞在連貫言語中的詞, 不是一個一個孤立不是一個一個孤立地來讀的地來讀的, 它們幾乎總是互相結合著出它們幾乎總是互相結合著出現的。因此它們在語流中有可能受現的。因此它們在語流中有可能受相互相互間的影響間的影響而產生種種而產生種種語音變化語音變化,音的同化音的同化就是其中的一種。就是其中的一種。音的同化就是一個音音的同化就是一個音因為受了另外一個相鄰的音的影響而發因為受了另外一個相鄰的音的影響而發成了這兩個音之外的第三個音。成了這兩個音之外的第三個音。 a. j 與與 t 相鄰時，相鄰時， j 受了鄰音受了鄰音 t 的影響變成了的影響

19、變成了 音音, 與與 t 一起構成了一起構成了t, 例如：例如：Glad to meet you. 中的中的 mi:t ju在在連貫性的說話中可讀成連貫性的說話中可讀成 mi:tu。又如：。又如：Dont you know her? 中的中的 duntju: 可以讀成可以讀成 duntju: 。再如：再如：I thought you would come. 可以讀可以讀成成 ai :tu wud km . b. j 與與 d 相鄰時相鄰時, j 受了鄰音受了鄰音 d 的影響變成了的影響變成了 , 與與 d 一起構一起構 成了成了d , 例如：例如：Did you do it? 中的中的 did

20、 ju: 可以讀成可以讀成 didu: 。 又如：又如：Would you like to go with me? 可以讀成可以讀成 wu du: laik t u wi mi:? 再如：再如：Could you help me? 可以讀成可以讀成 ku du: hel (p) mi:? 強讀和弱讀： 英語中大約有50個最常用的單音節詞，如a, of, the, and, from, as，must等，他們每個詞都有兩種或兩種以上不同形式的讀音，一種形式叫強讀，其它的叫弱讀。and /nd/ / nd/ /n/E.g. You and me / Ladies and gentlemenof /

21、v/, /v/, /v/, /f /E.g. a cup of teaare /a:/, /E.g. The days are shorter. Weak forms:1.大多數有弱讀形式的單詞中，元音都變成了大多數有弱讀形式的單詞中，元音都變成了/ 。 at /t/ as /z/ had /hd/ and /nd/ /n/ must /mst/ us /s/ but /bt/ can /kn/2.有少數幾個單詞弱讀形式有少數幾個單詞弱讀形式由由/ i :/變成了變成了/ i /。 be been me Read the following examples: in a minute Im c

22、oming. in and out He sat and ate. bread and butter as old as you She has been out. He does but I dont. You can go now.2. Sentence Stress In a normal English sentence, certain words are stressed and certain words are unstressed. n. v. adj. adv. number, some pron. (this, that, what) (Function Word ) a

23、rticle, auxil.v., conjunction, prep 句子重音句子重音 Sentence Stress句子重音的一般規則句子重音的一般規則實詞重讀實詞重讀 虛詞不重讀虛詞不重讀名詞名詞 一般都重讀一般都重讀 There is a book on the desk.My sister put up a picture on the wall.John wants to see the teacher after class.An elephant is an animal.代詞代詞常重讀的代詞有常重讀的代詞有 1 1指示代詞指示代詞This is not what I mean

24、.That isnt the one I asked for.Do you like these flowers?但如指示代詞前后都有重音時，該指示代詞可失去重音但如指示代詞前后都有重音時，該指示代詞可失去重音How do you like those little ones?Who wrote this interesting story?2. . 名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞Yours is much nicer than mine.The red one is his.但在雙重所有格中，物主代詞往往不重讀但在雙重所有格中，物主代詞往往不重讀 Im writing to a friend

25、of mine.3. . 強調代詞強調代詞 I saw it myself.The man himself told me so.4疑問代詞疑問代詞 Who are you talking to?What can I do for you?Who came to see you this morning? 形容詞（包括分詞作形容詞）一般都應重讀形容詞（包括分詞作形容詞）一般都應重讀 數詞一般都應重讀數詞一般都應重讀The streets are wide, clean and beautiful.This narrow valley was the scene of a famous batt

26、le.His first daughter is fifteen.Its a dull and disappointing film.Thats exciting news.The worried man entered the crowded street.He bought ten cups and I bought only four.動詞動詞 主要動詞，或稱實意動詞、行為動詞主要動詞，或稱實意動詞、行為動詞（notional verb）都要重讀都要重讀 (be、have 除外除外) )He takes a walk after supper every day.Dont forget

27、your homework.I suppose you know him. 助動詞和情態動詞與助動詞和情態動詞與not構成的縮略式要重讀構成的縮略式要重讀 ( (該類詞在肯定句中不重讀該類詞在肯定句中不重讀) ) I dont want to go there today. He wasnt surprised when I told him the news. We cant stay any longer. Dont you think you shouldnt say such things? We must do it now, mustnt we?cannot不縮寫成不縮寫成cant

28、 時，重音也在時，重音也在can 上上I cannot agree with him. 然而Do 用于肯定句中表示強調時，總是重讀的用于肯定句中表示強調時，總是重讀的I do hope this will be effective.He does need your help.We did warn you before.Do drop in when you are in Xuzhou. 以上幾類通常不重讀的動詞（以上幾類通常不重讀的動詞（be, have,be, have,情態動詞）用于簡短回答，情態動詞）用于簡短回答， 或其后省略了主要動詞時，要重讀或其后省略了主要動詞時，要重讀; ;

29、用于一般疑問句句首有時重讀，但在用于一般疑問句句首有時重讀，但在 比較隨便的談話中不必重讀比較隨便的談話中不必重讀 ()Have you any brothers and sisters? Yes, I have.()Are you a student? Yes, I am.()Can you come this afternoon? Yes, I can.He said more than he should at the meeting. I dont want to go there, but I must.副詞一般都重讀副詞一般都重讀 They came back early yesterday. Where did you buy it? Why do you come? You meet people everywhere. Ive never heard of such a thing before. Perhaps shell arrive tonight.Tell him to come in. A car dashed past. Thank you for coming to see me off.但關系副詞不重讀但關系副詞不重讀 He visited the small village where he