1、the Present Perfect Tense現在完成時現在完成時現在完成時的構成：現在完成時的構成：have / has +動詞過去分詞動詞過去分詞時間狀語：時間狀語：already， yet， ever， never， just， before規則動詞的過去分詞：規則動詞的過去分詞：1）一般加）一般加+ ed: worked, started2) “輔音輔音+y”結尾的動詞，結尾的動詞，y 變成變成i后加后加ed:study-studied3)以以“e”結尾的動詞后加結尾的動詞后加 “d”: hope-hoped4)雙寫雙寫 輔音字母：輔音字母：stopped動詞過去分詞形成方式：動詞

2、過去分詞形成方式：規則和不規則變化規則和不規則變化動詞的過去式以及過去分詞不規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞不規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞:AAA: put put put letlet letABB: standstood stoodABA:becomebecamebecomeABC: eat ateeaten現在完成時的不同的形式：肯定式：主語肯定式：主語+has/have+過去分詞（過去分詞（p.p.）+. My sister has already washed all the clothes.否定式：主語否定式：主語+hasnt+（p.p.）+.My sister hasnt already

3、 washed all the clothes. 疑問式：疑問式：Has/have+主語主語+p.p.+?Has your sister already washed all the clothes? 肯定答語：肯定答語：Yes, 主語主語+hasYes, she has.否定答語：否定答語：No， 主語主語+hasntNo, she hasnt. He has lost his key. The key isnt in his pockets now.用法用法1They are in the room now.They have come into the room.past now Yes

4、terday , we cleaned the classroom.Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.用法用法1強調強調過去發生的動作過去發生的動作對對現在產生的現在產生的結果或影結果或影響響 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_.3. I finished m

5、y homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have finished it. “仍然，還仍然，還 ” 用在疑問句和否定用在疑問句和否定句中。句中。I havent read this book yet .Have you had breakfast yet ?already:Yet: “已經已經”通常用于肯定句中。通常用于肯定句中。 I have already posted the le

6、tter.有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?“從來不從來不” 用在否定句中。用在否定句中。Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾經曾經”通常用于疑問句和通常用于疑問句和肯定句中。肯定句中。 I have ever seen this film.Have you ever been to the USA ?“以前以前”用在完成時中，用在完成時中，放在句尾。放在句尾。have never read this kind of b

7、ooks before.justbefore“剛剛剛剛 ”用在陳述句中。用在陳述句中。 Ihave just bought a novel。She began to work in 1999.She still works here now. She has worked at this school for 2 years. 用法用法2：now past I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.I have taught English at this school four five years.用法用法2 2：過去發生的

8、動作一直過去發生的動作一直延續延續到現在。到現在。 1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years.2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday. have workedhave stayedsince and forThe woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two ye

9、ars ago)since 2 years agosince 1998;since she came to the school)for + for + 一段時間一段時間since+since+點時間點時間一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforfors

10、inceforsincesince 1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one ho

11、ur B. one oclock AABAB6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days10.-How long

12、 has she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six yearsAABAB Exercise根據所給情況，用根據所給情況，用just,already或或yet造句。造句。1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. ( have lunch )2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the phone ring

13、s and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out )he has just gone outIve just had lunch.3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish )4.You are going to a restaur

14、ant this evening.You phone to reserve(預定）預定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do)I havent finished it yet.I have already done 5.You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful.Ask her. You say:_? ( find ) 6.Ann w

15、ent to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks Is Ann still at the bank ? You say: No, _. (come back) Have you already found the jobShe has already came back比較現在完成時和過去時的比較現在完成時和過去時的區別：區別：*現在完成時所表示的是過去現在完成時所表示的是過去的行動所造成的現在的情況。的行動所造成的現在的情況。*一般過去時表示的是過去發一般過去時表示的是過去發生的事實生的事實現在完成時不能和確

16、定的過去現在完成時不能和確定的過去時間狀語連用，如：時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last year, in 1976，two days ago, just now但可以和一些不確定的時間狀語連但可以和一些不確定的時間狀語連用，也可和包括現在在內的時間狀用，也可和包括現在在內的時間狀語連用，如：語連用，如：already, yet, before, latelyrecently, once, twice, ever,never。1)She has already come.2)I havent read it yet.*gocomeleavedie等詞語表示等詞語表示的動作是一時的，

17、不能延續，的動作是一時的，不能延續，不能與不能與for、since等表示一段等表示一段時間的詞連用，如不能說：時間的詞連用，如不能說：He has gone for two months.(F)但可以說：但可以說：He has been away for 2months.總結現在完成時：總結現在完成時：1、構成：、構成：have / has +過去分詞過去分詞。2、概念：、概念：(1)表示過去或已經完成的某一動作對現在表示過去或已經完成的某一動作對現在 成的影響或結果。常與下列狀語連用：成的影響或結果。常與下列狀語連用： already, just, yet, ever, never, bef

18、ore （2）表示過去已經發生，持續到現在的動作或）表示過去已經發生，持續到現在的動作或狀態，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在（包狀態，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在（包括括“現在現在”在內）的在內）的 一段時間的狀語連用。一段時間的狀語連用。 a.for和表示一段時間的詞組連用。和表示一段時間的詞組連用。如：如：for 3 years b.since和表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用和表示過去某一時刻的詞或詞組連用。如：如： since 1997, since two years ago,since last week 過去完成時態過去完成時態2. 過去完成時可以表示過去完成時可以表示過

19、去某一時刻過去某一時刻 或或某一動作之前完成的動作某一動作之前完成的動作或或呈現呈現 的狀態的狀態。也就是說發生在。也就是說發生在“過去的過去的 過去過去”。1. Past perfect Tense 過去完成時過去完成時 構成：構成：had過去分詞過去分詞 6:00 7:00 6:00 7:00 現在現在 By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.過去完成時的不同的形式：肯定式：主語肯定式：主語+had+過去分詞（過去分詞（p.p.）+. My sister had already washed al

20、l the clothes.否定式：主語否定式：主語+hadnt+（p.p.）+.My sister hadnt already washed all the clothes. 疑問式：疑問式：Had+主語主語+p.p.+?Had your sister already washed all the clothes? 肯定答語：肯定答語：Yes, 主語主語+hadYes, she had.否定答語：否定答語：No， 主語主語+hadntNo, she hadnt. The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect te

21、nse. She has taught English for 6 years. “Where is Susan” “She has gone to America”.表示過去某時發表示過去某時發生的動作，這動生的動作，這動作可能剛剛停止作可能剛剛停止,也可能還在進行。也可能還在進行。 She said she had taught English for 6 years.(2) By the time I got to London, she had gone toAmerica.表示過去表示過去某時之前某時之前發生的動發生的動作。作。 現在完成時現在完成時: 主語主語 + have / h

22、as done過去完成時過去完成時: 主語主語 + had done1. .我到家時她已經睡了。我到家時她已經睡了。 By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.2. .到昨天晚上時消息已傳遍全球。到昨天晚上時消息已傳遍全球。 By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world.3.他走以后我找到了那封信。他走以后我找到了那封信。 I found the letter after he had gone away. We reached the cinema late.

23、 The film had already been on for ten minutes.4.我們到電影院晚了我們到電影院晚了,電影已經開始十分電影已經開始十分鐘了。鐘了。常用的時間狀語等標志詞：常用的時間狀語等標志詞：1、by, before, when, by the time等構成的短語等構成的短語或引導的從句。或引導的從句。Eg. 1)By the time she came to the bus stop, the bus had already gone.2) We had finished the task before midnight.3) When I arrived a

24、t the post office, I found that I had left the letter at home.4) After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.2、 由由said, told, knew, heard, thought 等引導的等引導的賓語從句中。賓語從句中。Eg. He told me that he had heard of it. I thought my homework had been fininshed. But I didnt.3、 從過去開始，從過去開始， 一直持續到過去的另一時間一直持續到過去

25、的另一時間的動作、狀態。常用的動作、狀態。常用since，for.Eg. She said that she had learned English for years since he came to our school注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間狀語，及注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間狀語，及since, for 引導的從句和短語連用引導的從句和短語連用。Eg. 1.When I got to the cinema, the film had begun for ten minutes.2.When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for

26、ten minutes.3.He said the door had been opened for long.4.He said the door had opened for long.5.He said the door had been open for long.翻譯下列各句：翻譯下列各句：1、當我到達音樂廳的時，這名流行歌手已經、當我到達音樂廳的時，這名流行歌手已經離開了。離開了。2、到昨天早上，他已經給我打了好幾個電話、到昨天早上，他已經給我打了好幾個電話了。了。3、當醫生被派人請來時，這個病人已經等了、當醫生被派人請來時，這個病人已經等了10分鐘了。分鐘了。4、我昨天看到、我昨

27、天看到Jim了。我們已經了。我們已經5年沒有見年沒有見面了。面了。5、昨天我把我借的那本小說還給了圖書管。、昨天我把我借的那本小說還給了圖書管。Can you do it?By yesterday morning, he _(call) me ten times.The patient _(die) when the doctor arrived.I saw Lin Feng yesterday. We _(not meet) each other for five years.had calledhad diedhad not met4. I returned the book that I

28、_(borrow).5. He said that he _(know) her well.6. The match _(be) on for half an hour.7. The match _(be) on for half an hour when I got there.8. They _(do) the work at 11 oclock yesterday morning. had borrowedhad knownhas beenhad beendid9. They _(do) the work by 11 oclock yesterday morning.10. The po

29、p singers _(leave) when I got to the music hall last night. What a pity!11. How clean the room is today! Oh, yes! Who _(clean) it?had donehad leftcleaned12.What were you doing when Jim phoned you? I _(finish) my homework and was starting to take a shower.13. Have you ever been to Guilin? Yes. I _(go

30、) there four months ago.had finishedwent將來完成時 將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經完成或一直持續的動作。已經完成或一直持續的動作。 經常與經常與before+將來時間或將來時間或by+將來時間將來時間連用，也可與連用，也可與before或或by the time引導引導的現在時的從句連用。的現在時的從句連用。 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。止一直有的狀態。 b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的

31、動作或一獲將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或一獲得的經驗。得的經驗。 shall / will + have done1. shall + have done 只用于第一人只用于第一人稱稱2.will + have done 用于所有人稱用于所有人稱1.表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作，表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作，并往往對將來某一時間產生影響。并往往對將來某一時間產生影響。Eg. We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到這個學期末，我們將學完到這個學期末，我們將學完12個單元。個單元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from to