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1、太谷二中“一題多元、多元一題、縱橫聯系、類比類推”學導方案 09年級英語學科組專題思變訓練單-虛擬語氣設計人:程惠芝 參與者:第一學術小組 課時數 2 序號:001 班級: 組名: 姓名: 時間:2012、5一、概念性問題解讀 (Concept) 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣是用動詞形式,表示說話人的一種愿望,假設,懷疑,猜測, 建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。原理性問題的理解 (Theory) 虛擬語氣是語法的難點,平時師生在備考中應該注意一下考查角度:混合時間的虛擬語氣,如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是
2、同時發生,主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據各自所表示的時間加以調整。虛擬語氣中的倒裝句,如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, should,有時可將if省去,而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, 之后表語從句,同位語從句和主語從句中,表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等,主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型,should 可以省略。含蓄條件句,有時為了表達的需要,在虛擬語氣中不總是出現if引導的條件句,而通過用其他詞來代替條件句,常
3、見詞有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等二、課標解讀:虛擬語氣是高考考查的重點語法項目,幾乎是每套題都涉及,且在近幾年的考題中列入高考范圍。由于漢語中沒有這種語法情況,對于以漢語為母語的我們來說有很大的理解難度。命題者在試題的有效信息方面越來越隱蔽,情景越來越生動,真實,考查的角度也越來越靈活。三、教學參考建議: 教師運用多種方法,確保學生明確他們的基本含義。體會表示建議和主張的動詞在語氣的強弱上有何不同。教師發現問題及時糾正。要求學生用所給動詞各造兩個句子。四、高考定位1. 熟記并掌握虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的使用規則。2. 熟練掌握虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用
4、。3. 掌握一些特殊句型中要運用虛擬語氣的具體規則。思變方式一:尋求關鍵字詞及短語,目的:理解定義及其重要性8_我主動,我參與,我體驗,我成功 第1頁(共7頁)1.不是客觀存在的事實2.與事實相反3.用動詞形式4.主觀愿望或假想5. 重點語法6.列入高考范圍7.難度8.熟記并掌握思變方式二:關鍵句義虛擬語氣是用動詞形式,表示說話人的一種愿望,假設,懷疑,猜測, 建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。思變方式三:方法與途徑1新課程:提倡獨立思考、小組交流、親自體驗、認真探究及展示提升2考試大綱:命題者在試題的有效信息方面越來越隱蔽,情景越來越生動,真實,考查的角度也越來越靈活。全面
5、掌握虛擬語氣的各種用法。3運用判斷、比較、歸納的方法,【概念詳解及依據】:第一類:If虛擬條件句 : 分三種時態:與 過去 相反、與 現在 事實相反、與 將來 事實相反。 *條件句有 真實 和 假設 (虛擬)條件句兩種。真實條件句的假設是有可能發生的,而非真實條件句的假想與事實相反或不大可能會發生,試比較: If I have (have)time, I will go with them. 假若我有時間,我就同他們去。(陳)If I were (be)you, I would go with them.假若我我就同他們去。(虛擬語氣) If條件句虛擬表格呈現時態類型主句If引導的從句與現在相
6、反would/should/could/mightV原形動詞過去式 did *be 多用were與過去相反would/should/could/mighthave done動詞過去完成had done與將來相反would/should/could/mightV原形動詞過去式 should +V原 were + to doIf條件句虛擬舉例說明:1. If I (be)you, I should study English. 2. I would certainly (go) if I had time.3. If you (take) my advice, you would not have
7、 failed in the test. 4. If I (leave)a little earlier, I would have caught the train.5.If you came tomorrow, we (have)the meeting. 6. If it (be)rain tomorrow, the meeting (put off).注:幾點特別說明 1、l would/should/could/might 主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后;would表示結果還表示過去經常常做某事,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較: If you
8、tried again ,you would succeed. 要是你再試一試,你就會成功的。(would表 ) If you tried again, you might succeed. 要是你再試一試,你可能會成功的。(might表 ) If you tried again ,you could succeed. 要是你再試一試,你就能成功了。(could表 ) 2、 錯綜時間虛擬條件句 即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致,如從句指過去,而主句即指的是現在或將來,此時應根據具體的語境情況,結合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態作相應的調整: If it had rained last night,
9、 the ground (be)wet now. 要是昨晚下過雨的話,現在地面就會是濕的。 You would be much better now if you (take)my advice.假若你當時聽我的話,你現在就會好多了。 3、 If虛擬條件句的否定(含蓄條件句) 常考兩個句型:If it werent for和If it hadnt been for,其意為“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如: If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是沒有水植物就無法生長。 If it hadnt been for your assistance
10、 ,we wouldnt have succeeded. =But for your assistance ,we wouldnt have succeeded. =Without your assistance ,we wouldnt have succeeded. 4、 If虛擬條件句的倒裝形式,即把were, had, should置于句首。If去掉例、 Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder. Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=
11、If you had asked me,) 第二類:Wish/if only/would rather愿望 和as if(though)好像從句動詞過去式或were 與現在事實相反 l wish that 主語 + had done 與過去事實相反 Would could+動詞原形 與將來事實相反eg.I wish I a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.) I wish I never teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) I wish they us get some sleep
12、.=(let us sleep more later) 注意事項:*wish的時態與賓語從句的時態無關 * wish與hope接賓語從句的區別在于:hope表示一般可以實現的希望,賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較: 1 We hope they will come. (We dont know if they can come.) 2 We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) 第三類:if only 后的句子用虛擬語氣. 要是就好了 if only 與 I wish一樣,也
13、用于表示與事實相反的愿望,其后所虛擬語氣的時態與 wish后所接時態的情況相同: If only she (have)more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。 If only I (listen)my parents! 我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了。 If only she (go) with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 注意事項:*if only 通常獨立使用,沒有主句。 would rather后句子用虛擬語氣 只分現在和過去 在would rather,后的that從句中, 句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣, 表示"寧愿做什么" ,具體用法為: 一般過去時
14、表示現在或將來的愿望 Id rather you tomorrow (now). 我寧愿你明天(現在)去。 用過去完成時表過去的愿望 Id rather you it. 我真希望你沒有這樣說過。 第四類:as if (though) 從句用虛擬語氣 以as if as though)引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句,可用虛擬語氣,則與wish用法相同,例:He acts as if he knew me. 他顯得認識我似的。 第五類:從句中should+動詞原形,should可省略 1.在 lest ,for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引導的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 S
15、he walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。 2.表建議、要求等一類動詞以及其的名詞形式其所在句子要用虛擬語氣結構即:S+ (should)+V原形。 動詞形式:堅持insist.命令order, command.請求ask, demand, require, request建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend.敦促urge名詞形式:demand, order, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, su
16、ggestion, idea, plan, orderI insisted that he . 我堅持要他留下。 He ordered that it back. 他命令把它送回去。 He requires that I (appear). 他要求我出場。 It is ordered that the army (get)there by 4 a.m.。注意事項:*suggest表“暗示”insist表“堅持認為”不用虛擬語氣 比較: He insisted that I his letter.他堅持說我看過他的信。 He suggested that we for dinner.他建議我們留
17、下吃飯。 3.important,natural,strange ,necessary,等形容詞后的主語從句It is necessary,important,strange,natural ,advisable, desirable, eager, impossible,;it is a pity;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed that s主語+(should) doIt is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once. 第六類:Its time that后的從句用虛擬語氣,從句
18、謂語通常用過去式表示 (早)該干某事了*有時也用過去進行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見,且should不能省略) It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time that s+ didshould doIts time we should go 我們該走了。Its time I in bed. 我該上床睡了。(不用were)思變方式四:知識體系重構學生答題情況及主要失分原因:1、 基礎差的學生找不到關鍵字詞,讀不懂句子意思。2、 中等學生對虛擬語氣的用法模棱兩可,記憶不準確。3、 中上的學生翻譯的準確度不夠或聯系不到位。題設
19、的語境過于隱蔽。動作發生的時間確認有困難。4、 總體說來,背誦語法知識不夠多或理解不到位。【一題多元】1. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he _a student of Beijing University .Awould have been Bshould be Chas been Dhad been 【解析】方法1、 找關鍵詞otherwise,其引導虛擬語氣屬于含蓄型的。方法2、正確翻譯理解句意可以得知是與過去的事實相反,套用if虛擬語氣從
20、句謂語動詞結構。方法3、觀察到主句 would have done,確定從句動詞動作發生的時間,所以從句用had dnoew 【答案】A2.-Your sister nearly _ all her spare time to her study during the three years. -That's right, or she _ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination. A. devoted; wouldn't have taken B. spent; wouldn'
21、t have taken C. had devoted; hadn't taken D. had spent; couldn't take 【解析】方法1、排除法:找準關鍵詞語,正確把握語境devote to 為固定搭配,因此第一個空應從AC選。Or 翻譯成“否則,要不然”,相當于otherwise,引起句子運用虛擬語氣,主句用 would have done。方法二2、直接法:方法三3、翻譯法: 【答案】C【多題一元典型題例】1.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey
22、 C. will obey D. would obey2.She demands that the children _ her.A. obeys B. obeyed C. obeying D. should obey3.-Was the teacher strict? -Yes. He requested that we _ television every day.A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watched D. have not watched4.In her letter, the foreign teacher sugges
23、ted that more ear training _ to the students.A. should give B. be given C. has been given D. is going to give5.We suggested that the boy _ to the hospital at once.A. should send B. sent C. be sending D. be sent6.It is necessary that the students _ more experiments to do.A. give B. gave C. should giv
24、e D. be given7.It is strange that he _ away without telling us.A. went B. go C. had gone D. would go8.The professor gave orders that the test _ before 5:30.A. be finished B. will finish C. will be finished D. shall finish9.Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable.A. will wait B. is going
25、to wait C. waits D. wait10.My idea is that we _ another meeting to discuss the problem.A. hold B. held C. be held D. holding思變一:關鍵詞及短語insisted demandsrequestedsuggestedadviceorders necessary思變二:路徑與方法表語從句,同位語從句中使用的虛擬語氣。英語中有些表示要求、命令、建議、提議的名詞,后面要求跟虛擬的同位語從句和虛擬的表語從句。要求跟這類虛擬從句的名詞常見的有:suggestion (建議) advic
26、e (勸告,忠告) demand (要求) order (命令) plan (計劃) proposal (提議) requirement (要求) 其后的從句中的謂語動詞用“(should) + 動詞原形”注1suggest 含義為“表明、說明、暗示”時,其賓語從句謂語用陳述語氣Eg.The boys pale face suggested that he was ill and his mother suggested that he should be sent to hospital.注2insist含義為“堅持認為(某一事實)”時,其賓語從句謂語用陳述語氣Eg.The young ma
27、n insisted that he didnt do anything wrong and should be set free.3.主語從句中使用的虛擬語氣。形式:It is + necessary (important, natural, strange, possible, probable, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, required,a pity) + 主語從句。從句中謂語用“(should) + 動詞原形”一個堅持(insist)兩個命令(order,command)三個建議(advise,suggest,propose)四
28、項要求(demand,require,request,ask),等后面的賓語從句中用“(should)+動詞原形”【虛擬語氣典型練習題】【縱橫聯系、類比類推】1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be
29、;finished D. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to&
30、#160; C. left; to D. to be left; for 4. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _
31、free. A. did; set B. had
32、;done; should be set C. should do; be set
33、60; D. had done; must be set 5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _. A. can; it
34、; B. /; / C. would; it D. may;
35、160; / 6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be &
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