1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載一定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。漢語中常用的表示。定語主要由形容詞擔(dān)任。此外名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)、分詞也可以做定語。abeautifulcity;abagfullofmoney.注意：漢語的定語無論多長都放在被修飾詞的前面，而英語中的定語則不然，是一個(gè)詞時(shí)，放在被修飾詞的前面，若是兩個(gè)以上的詞組、短語或從句則放在被修飾詞的后面，thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred.theboyfromAmericaOurmonitorisalwaysthefirststudenttoenterth

2、eclassroom.fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aswimmingpoolHeisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.二：定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1 .定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2 .先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3 .關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有when

3、,where,why.1.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.TT先行詞關(guān)系代詞2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefriendswholikesports.TT先行詞關(guān)系代詞3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.Ilikemusicthat/whichisquiet.TT先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主從句；B、代替先行詞；C在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。(二)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語。

4、TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2.whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofe

5、ssor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3. Which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時(shí)常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.Thehousewhichisbyt

6、helakelooksnice.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Thefilm（which）theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.。4. That即可指人，也可指物.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroduced

7、tomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.5. Whose即可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Theclassroomwhose

8、doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1 .當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing（something除夕卜）,all,none,few,little,some等不定代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,littl

9、e,few,much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who,如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon'tdos

10、uchathing.Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.2 .當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3 .當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4 .當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly修飾時(shí)。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheon

11、lythingthatheowns.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5 .當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時(shí)。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6 .當(dāng)先行詞為人與物時(shí)。如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool（三）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語從

12、句中作時(shí)間狀語。當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞，比如time,day,week,month,year等；且定語從句中缺時(shí)間狀語時(shí)用when.若先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞，定語從句學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載中缺主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which引導(dǎo)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandpare?Doyourememberthedays(that/which)wesp

13、enttogetherlastyear?Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。若先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的名詞，比如park,city,farm,place等；且定語從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)用where.若先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which引導(dǎo)。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。ThehousewhereIlive

14、dtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.Shanghaiisthecity(which/that)Iwanttovisit.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.3. why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。若先行詞是reason;且定語從句中缺原因狀語時(shí)，用why引導(dǎo)。若先行詞是reason,定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用which/that引導(dǎo)。Ple

15、asetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.Ididn'tbelievethereason(that/which)heexplainedtome注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatchangesaretakin

16、gplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.(四)"介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazine(which/ait)y

17、ouaskedfor.TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.Wdlgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.Themanagerwhoseco

18、mpanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.注意：1.含有介詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動(dòng)詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(誤)Thebabies(whom/

19、who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.(誤)2 .若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom,不可用who,that;關(guān)系代詞指學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載物時(shí)只可用which,不可用that。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.（正）Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.（誤）TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCana

20、dawasreallycomfortable.（正）TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.（誤）3 .“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,m

21、ostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.注意事項(xiàng)：如何判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判斷改錯(cuò)（注：先顯示題

22、，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）（錯(cuò)）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（錯(cuò)）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（對）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（對）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseumyou

23、visitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,that,which,whose）;先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時(shí)間狀語，why原因狀語）。（五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，

24、主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.作賓語時(shí)可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whom非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom限制性定語從句舉例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.InthestreetIsawamanw

25、howasfromAfrica.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.LastsummerIvisitedthePeople'sGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.(二)關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as和which都可以在定語從句中

26、做主語或賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.他很誠實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來。2. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamou

27、swriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用whicho如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.1 .當(dāng)先行詞受such,so,thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。如：I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heis

28、notsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：當(dāng)先行詞受thesame修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'wedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.(三)以theway為先行詞時(shí)，若定語從句中缺方式狀語，定語從句通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且還可以省略。若定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用(that/which)引導(dǎo)定語從句。Thew

29、ay(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.Idon'tliketheway(that/which)hetold做定語從句題一般分三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能(做主語、賓語或狀語)；第三選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。Exercises:2 .Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,isMary's.AthesmallestofwhichBthesmallerofwhichCthesma

30、llestofthemDthesmallestone3 .TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,itwillbecompletelyfinished.AbythetimeBbywhichtimeCbythattimeDbythistime4 .Alicehasalargecollectionofphone,wastakeninlondon.AnoneofthemBnooneofwhichCallofwhichDnoneofwhich5 .Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeoplevillageIta

31、ughtbeforelivedahappylife.AwhoBwhoseCinwhoseDinwhich6 .Thereisamoutainthetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載AwhoseBofwhichCit'sDthat7 .Shemayhavemissedhertrain,incaseshewon'tarriveforanotherhour.AwhatBthatCwhichDthis7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoofaredoctors.2)Ihavethreechildren,twoofaredocto

32、rs.8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,aregirls.Atwo-thirdsinwhichBtwo-thirdsinthemCtwo-thirdsofthemDofwhomtwothirds9.1 haveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.AneitherofthemBnoneofthemCneitherofwhichDnoneofwhich(1-6ABDCBC7一9BDDC特殊結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句點(diǎn)擊1. Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpricepeopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.tha

33、tD.which2. I'veneverheardsointerestingastoryyoutoldme.A.asB.thatC.ofwhichD.aboutwhich3. I'veseenthesamefilmyousawyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like4. I'llbuythesamecoatyouwear.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like5. Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,ofgreatimportancetoscience.A. whichIthinkisB. whichIthi

34、nkitisC. whichIthinkitD. Ithinkis6.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What7. Thisisthefirsttimehehasbeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which8. Idon'tlikeyouspeaktoher.A.thewayB.theywayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich答案與簡析：1. Bo當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，定語從句用as引導(dǎo)，即構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)

35、為"such+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+as"引導(dǎo)的定語從句，意為".像.一樣的"。整個(gè)句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計(jì)的那樣低的價(jià)格出售。2. Ao由sointerestingastory=suchaninterestingstory和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。3. A4. Co當(dāng)先彳亍間被same修飾時(shí)，定語從句由that或as引導(dǎo)，但意思不同。用that引導(dǎo)定語從句指同一物，而用as引導(dǎo)定語從句指同類事物。5. Ao做此題的關(guān)鍵是要知道Ithink在定語從句中作插入語，做題

36、時(shí)將其去掉便可容易得到答案。6. BoAs在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，并且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：asyouknow,asissaidabove,asisoftenthecase(情學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載況經(jīng)常是這樣）等。如選A,則需將逗號改為that;如選D,則需將逗號改為isthato7. Ao當(dāng)先彳亍同為thefirsttime,thelasttime等時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that而不用when。8. Ao當(dāng)先彳亍同為way時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或inwhich,也可省略。定語從句1.Thisisthebestfactorywevis

37、itedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactorycomputersarebuilt?A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3. pleasepassmethedictionarycoverisred.A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.whichof4. Themanhasarrived.A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout5. Doyouknowthecomradewearetalking?A.tow

38、homB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6. Theyvisitedthehousethegreatwriterwasborn.A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7. Thecomradeisspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8. Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverythinghedidinclass.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where9. I'llvisittheprofessortomorrow,hewillbeback

39、fromShanghai.A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10. TheschoolIstudyisanewone.A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11. Chinahasmanyislands,thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12. Thecitymymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which13. Ourteacherlivesinthehousedoorfacestothenorth.A.whi

40、chB.hisC.thatD.whose14. Doyouknowthemanyourfathernodded?A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15. Wrestlingisasportinpeopleeasilygethurt.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16. ItoldyouIknow.A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17. Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneisLuXun.A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18. Isthisfact

41、orywevisitedlastyear?A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19. Whoisthemanwasthere?A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載20. IsthereanythingIcandoforyou,sir?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who21. Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatgreendress.A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich22. Theknifeweusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.

42、A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which23. Thegamestheyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.A.inwhichB.whichC.itD.who24.Itrainedhardyesterday,preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it25.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which歷屆高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題定語從句精選26.Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose27.Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that1.1 Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersoouldturnsbehelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towho