1、Phrases and ClausesTHE BUILDING BLOCKSOF SENTENCES PHRASE a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb CLAUSE a group of words with both a subject & verb Whats the difference between a phrase & a clause?INDEPENDENT CLAUSE a complete thought that can stand aloneDEPENDENT CLAU

2、SE group of words with both a subject and verb; cannot stand alone or it is a fragment Independent clauses = a foundation and the frame of the house.dependent clauses = like the windows or doors (they enhance what is already there, but cant function alone)Sentence Building Independent & Dependen

3、tStart constructing with_. Improve sentence structure by adding _.Clause Identification Cross of prep phrases.Double underline ACTION OR BEING verbs. Single underline the subjects. Each separate section with a subject and verb is PROBABLY a different clause! 5. IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENTDEPEN

4、DENT CLAUSESADJECTIVE STARTERS1) THAT2) WHO3) WHOM 4) WHOSE 5) WHICH EXAMPLESThe dog who lives by me is nice.The show that I watch is good. Jerry Spinelli is the author who wrote Maniac McGee. DEPENDENT CLAUSESADVERB STARTERSafterin order that untilalthoughsince whenasso that wheneverbecausethan whe

5、rebeforethough whereverif unless whileExamples1. After I danced,2. Because he was hungry,3. Until I get an A+, 4. When I get my new pony, 5. Since I love SpongeBob, SENTENCE TYPESSIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPLEXCOMPOUND-COMPLEXSIMPLE SENTENCEone independent clause I like SpongeBob. COMPOUND 2 or more independe

6、nt clauses I like SpongeBob, and I like Plankton. COMPOUND 2 or more independent clauses I like SpongeBob; I like Plankton. How do we punctuate compound sentences? Semicolon2) Comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS)SpongeBob makes Krabby patties. (join these)They are quite delicious! Two ways to punctuate

7、 compound sentences! SpongeBob makes Krabby patties; they are delicious. SpongeBob makes Krabby patties, and they are delicious. COMPLEX dependent + independent Because he makes me laugh, I like SpongeBob. DEPENDENT CLAUSE startersADVERB STARTERSafterin order that untilalthoughsince whenasso that wh

8、eneverbecausethan wherebeforethough whereverif unless whileDEPENDENT CLAUSE startersADJECTIVE STARTERS1) THAT2) WHO3) WHOM 4) WHOSE 5) WHICH Whats the difference? Adjective Adjective phrase Adjective clauseDependent clause punctuation Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence! Because he

9、 makes me laugh, I like SpongeBob. Dependent clause punctuation Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence When I want entertainment, I watch SpongeBob. Dependent clause punctuation Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence If I get a choice of shows, I watch SpongeBob. Depend

10、ent clause punctuation Do not use a comma when the dependent clause does not begin the sentence! I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh. Now, write complex sentences! Start a sentence with the dependent clause. Then, rewrite the sentence to end with the dependent clause. Use the dependent clause

11、 starter: when Remember, your clause must have a subject and a verb! Heres my example!When Gary runs away from home,SpongeBob is devastated. SpongeBob is devastatedwhen Gary runs away from home. Write two more complex sentences!Use the dependent clause starter: ifIf you are hungry,you should visit t

12、he Krusty Krab!You should visit the Krusty Krabif you are hungry.Could you turn our complex sentence into a compound-complex sentence?If you are hungry,you should visit the Krusty Krab!COMPOUND COMPLEX2 INDEPENDENT + 1 DEPENDENT EXAMPLES Because they make me laugh, I like SpongeBob, and I like Plank

13、ton.Turn these into complexPatrick is annoyingPlankton wants the Krabby Patty recipeThe Hashslinging Slasher visits COMMASAFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDSAFTER INTRODUCTORY PHRASESAFTER INTRODUCTORY CLAUSESBETWEEN 2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSESBEFORE THE CONJUNCTIONIntroductory WordsUnfortunately, I love chocolate.

14、Therefore, I eat it often. Also, I like ice cream. But, I am allergic to it. Thus, I should not eat it. Once, I saw a Yettie. Next, I saw Bigfoot. Finally, I caught a leprechaun! Introductory PhrasesTo be or not to be, that is the question. Inside the small garden, there is a gnome. (prep phrases of 4 or more)Introductory Dependent ClausesWhen I grow up, Before I become president, Since I am so short, Until I study for my test, BETWEEN INDEPENDEN