1、前 言：許多問(wèn)題：a host of/a number of problems 引起人們注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth. 之難難于上青教習(xí)過(guò)好幾門(mén)課程，深感寫(xiě)作這一課是最難教的，“危乎高哉！?寫(xiě)作?意識(shí)到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作多時(shí)，大多不能迥脫蹊徑之外，工而”天。?一夫當(dāng)關(guān)，萬(wàn)夫莫開(kāi)。fact/danger 。雖說(shuō)文字和技法可以也應(yīng)教?而能”入逸者更是寥寥。于是我悲觀起來(lái)，認(rèn)定

2、“文不可以?適應(yīng)新的形勢(shì)/變化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 當(dāng)教一些，俾學(xué)生邯鄲學(xué)步，漸次入門(mén)，但就本質(zhì)特征而論，寫(xiě)作遠(yuǎn)不只是一個(gè)章法和接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems ，是皮相之下許多深層主觀因素的綜合，是一個(gè)厚積薄發(fā)”技巧的問(wèn)題，而是“氣之所行接觸社會(huì)：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society 的養(yǎng)成過(guò)程。這些主觀因素，在我看來(lái)，體現(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作考試當(dāng)中

3、只局限于素心獲得成功：achieve/accomplish success 讀書(shū)破Reading makes a full man.這是英國(guó)學(xué)者的傳世之言，我們的祖先說(shuō)“爛讀的積累。提出觀點(diǎn)/建議：advance / put forward / come up with the 。我們贊嘆一篇文章，往往是因?yàn)槲覀儽晃恼轮械恼Z(yǔ)言所吸引、所征”萬(wàn)卷，下筆如有神arguments/ideas/suggestions 服：語(yǔ)匯豐富、句式整齊、語(yǔ)言或精練或華麗，句式安排熟練自如，自然流暢；而者只作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do

4、sth., take great pains to 了，于是乎，語(yǔ)言的總結(jié)就變能來(lái)自于 reading。但是我們已沒(méi)有那么多的時(shí)間去“讀”do(with work/study) 得極其必要！影響學(xué)習(xí)/工作：interfere with studies/work 地道的語(yǔ)言是困難的，但是要?dú)w納論說(shuō)文這個(gè)各種英語(yǔ)考試要?dú)w納記敘文中漂亮、產(chǎn)生影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a 的作文類(lèi)型中的語(yǔ)言不是不可能的。論說(shuō)文是由開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾、啟轉(zhuǎn)、分析、舉例、比較dramatic/undesirable effect on

5、 由于這些句型都是地道的英語(yǔ)，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型來(lái)表達(dá)。等部分所組成的，較好地駕馭生活：be a better pilot of one's life 是經(jīng)過(guò)千錘百煉，且能表達(dá)論說(shuō)文寫(xiě)作中的不同意思，若能把以論說(shuō)文為主的當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)剝奪機(jī)會(huì)/權(quán)力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 無(wú)疑是能有助于提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言水中的這些句型摘錄歸納成類(lèi)，essays供讀者參考，取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way 平。采取措施：take effective steps/

6、measures to 地道的英語(yǔ)不應(yīng)是你模仿和學(xué)用漂亮和地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法或句型并不是可恥的事。控制我們的環(huán)境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment 用學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則按某個(gè)意思苦苦思索造出來(lái)的，地道的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)是你把英美人對(duì)躲避危險(xiǎn)/挑戰(zhàn)：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge 這個(gè)意思的習(xí)慣說(shuō)法用到你自己的文章上來(lái)的。該講義收集了論說(shuō)文常用的一些句型，滿足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of ，達(dá)Practice makes perfe

7、ct與六級(jí)考試的一些文章結(jié)構(gòu)模式；希望同學(xué)們能以此為依據(jù)，補(bǔ)償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 到熟能生巧的境界，從而在六級(jí)考試作文部分獲得理想的分?jǐn)?shù)！解釋某現(xiàn)象：account for/explain the phenomenon 寫(xiě)作原則對(duì)?很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new 內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單化perspective on. provide/gain an insight into 分論點(diǎn)-總結(jié)）結(jié)構(gòu)模式化（主題句把某因素考慮進(jìn)去：take sth. I

8、nto account(consideration), give much thought to 語(yǔ)言要包裝品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth 錯(cuò)誤要回避培養(yǎng)對(duì)?的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in (Omnipotence)：萬(wàn)能理由 經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險(xiǎn)：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience convenient/convenience 、方便：1表現(xiàn)出自信心等：project one's confide

9、nce/feeling/image efficient/efficiently/efficiency 2、效率：生活充滿不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice economical, thrift 3 、節(jié)省和浪費(fèi)：save time/money/space; 追求學(xué)習(xí)/職業(yè)：pursue one's academic interest/professional career costly, lavish waste time/money/space; 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)/技術(shù)：pursue/acquire knowledge/tech

10、nology/skill 4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, 被看作學(xué)習(xí)的?榜樣：be held up as a good example creative, considerate, confident, 交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)/知識(shí)：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge sociable, 發(fā)揮/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part isolated, selfish, perseverance; 逃學(xué)/缺課：skip school/a

11、class/a meeting/a lecture conservative 知識(shí)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富：rich in knowledge/experience health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 5、人的身體健康：確立/追求目標(biāo)：set/pursue a goal/higher standard colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax 、娛樂(lè)：6到達(dá)目標(biāo)：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective tired, borin

12、g, lonely 克服困難：overcome obstacles/difficulty environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 、環(huán)境：7面臨危險(xiǎn)/困難：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty safe, danger, risk 8、安全和危險(xiǎn)：阻礙了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth experience, social experience, enter the s

13、ociety 9：經(jīng)驗(yàn)：阻礙了發(fā)展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 、人際：10持傳統(tǒng)的看法：hold conventional wisdom ：(Basic Elements of English Writing)基本表達(dá)發(fā)表看法：voice/express one's opinion the growing number of be on the rise, be increasingly + adj., 越來(lái)越： take the

14、opposite/fresh view 合理的觀點(diǎn)：/持相反that believed/held/agreed generally/widely it is 人們認(rèn)為：life/good use shatter the myth of 揭穿某種一貫的說(shuō)法：取得進(jìn)步：make much progress/strides/gains in enlist one's support/help 求得幫助：充分發(fā)揮潛力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's bridge/na

15、rrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country) 縮小差別：ability attribute/own the success/failure to 錯(cuò)誤歸咎于：把成功/充滿激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for be indispensable/important/vital to 對(duì)?重要：put/exert a academic pressure on 施加壓力：實(shí)例二 99年6月真題 assign/attach much importance/significance to 重視：

16、place/put much emphasis/stress/value on 強(qiáng)調(diào)：Reading Selectively Or Extensively? focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon 把注意力集中在：Outline: 1.有人認(rèn)為讀書(shū)要有選擇 provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. 信息：/提供機(jī)會(huì)grab/seize/take the opportunity 抓住機(jī)會(huì)： 2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書(shū) enjoy/gain acce

17、ss to a opportunity/information 得到機(jī)會(huì)： 3.我的想法 there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 有可能：11分 compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good a 動(dòng)：conduct(ca

18、rryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) 開(kāi)展運(yùn)way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against) is better. make much/little sense to me 對(duì)我很有/沒(méi)有什么意義：Those people, who think that reading selectively is

19、better, believe that good happiness ：be a of source 足幸來(lái)帶無(wú)窮的福/滿books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a ca

20、use/career 獻(xiàn)身于：that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books. make much(little/no) difference 大不（沒(méi)什么）兩樣：But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one 真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is ?kind of books can only give us one aspe

21、ct of knowledge. Even the best book only change/alter the course of life 改變生活旅程：contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better. built on tremendous amount of study/practice 實(shí)踐上：建立在大量的

22、學(xué)習(xí)/To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 進(jìn)行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務(wù)：many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. leave/quit one's job/work/school 學(xué)習(xí)：辭去工作/ enter (for) the examination/contest, race

23、參加考試/競(jìng)賽等：5分 take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 討論：參加活動(dòng)/I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides shape one's thinking/attitude 態(tài)度影響思想/事件的形成：are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. wo

24、rk ：職場(chǎng)力/家會(huì)/大進(jìn)入學(xué)社/庭勞市/業(yè)enter a school/college/society/the However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be force/professionals useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desi

25、re) /愿望：實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的理想be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension /減輕壓力緊張：ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our the to rise social 提高社會(huì)地位：enhance/improve/upgrade sta

26、tus/position/standing time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They position of leadership are all useful to ours. sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/a

27、bility 能力：提高技術(shù)/the development of /加快accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost 促進(jìn)發(fā)展：失分原因：分段太少，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤太多 with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 隨著生活節(jié)奏的加快：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) one's mental /開(kāi)闊眼界興趣：2分 horizons Most people thought that read

28、 books should have been selective. But others understanding better a much/little/greatly/to contribute /宣傳/有助于了解發(fā)展解決：believed reading extensively was correction. of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of Selective books or reading extensively? Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas, g

29、o a long way to(towards) solving the problem 有助于解決問(wèn)題：on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune /迷戀名利分?jǐn)?shù)：we interested, and it would be helpful for us. spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth. 浪費(fèi)在：/把時(shí)間花On a

30、nother hand. Someone's interesting was wide. Each book could bring you opportunity/time, ：術(shù)技/機(jī)用利會(huì)of advantage use (full/better) make of/take specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level. tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent I confirmed all of these ideas were good but wer

31、en't wise. practice/daily apply/put 經(jīng)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用到?：/把知識(shí)?theory/knowledge/experiencethe to As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is kless to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with rec注：1.第一句提出問(wèn)題，第二句提出兩種見(jiàn)解 abandon. The best te

32、chnology of reading is connect.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the 失分原因：分段太多，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤太developmentofmodernscienceandtechnolog,moreandmorebooksare 14分How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone haspublished. It is impossible for us to read all

33、 the books.What's mor, there are many his own view. the Some people think with argue that should read selectively. They webadbooks that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published.re

34、ad all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selctively（承 It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all注1本段總分總結(jié) ldn't read bad books, we mu

35、st read selectively.the books and we shouBut others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. 2they argue that = they think that If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other

36、fields, he may be useless. with the development of. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively. Who's right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read 4what's more遞進(jìn)關(guān)系moreover one in read should books in many fields, and read selectively

37、extensively first. We field.Butothers may not agree, they emphasize thattoday's society is not what it 分wa. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed.Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmf

38、ul to people. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. reading men Some people think that should read books widely. Because wide can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must

39、read extensively.（轉(zhuǎn)） Because reading is important to It is my point that reading must be selectively. man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It 注：1.But 轉(zhuǎn)折詞 can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more usefu

40、l knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We 2.they emphasize that = they think that must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading. 3.today's society is not what it was 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)今昔非比

41、失分原因：結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)，表述方式單一 4.許多知識(shí) a wide range of/a large scope of/much；獲取知識(shí) acquire/get 典型的對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)選擇題的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)： Paragraph （啟） I：（1）引出將要評(píng)論的事物或者是觀點(diǎn)；knowledge 簡(jiǎn)明扼要的提出人們?cè)谶@個(gè)問(wèn)題上的兩種不 ）2 （ 5.knows nothinglittle；he may be uselesshe may not be of great use to 同看法。 （1）提出一種觀點(diǎn)或優(yōu)點(diǎn)；II（承）Paragraph ：the society 后者比前者更委婉 2）本段的支持性分

42、論點(diǎn)；（ 3）本段總結(jié)（可以省略）。（ Who's right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read （轉(zhuǎn)）（：1）承上啟下的過(guò)渡句；Paragraph IIIextensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one （ 2）提出另一種觀點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn)； ）本段的支持性分論點(diǎn)（ 3field.（合） ）本段總（可以省略）4（ 。 ）平衡兩種看法；（Paragraph IV（合）：1

43、 （ 2）給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。11分 14分When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively his own view.（啟）is better. Average num

44、ber of hours a student spends on the computer per week good that better, believe think that reading selectively is Those people, who 1、上圖所示為1990、1995、2000年某校大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變and us pleasure Those books. good books can give books are as many as bad 化； 2、請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加theyleadknowle

45、dge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyustothewrongway.So, 說(shuō)明）； the badtoucsuggest thatwe should only choose the good books to read and never 3、你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問(wèn)題。books. 2002.1應(yīng)去掉逗號(hào)，改為非限制定語(yǔ)從句注1people, wh” Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: they

46、suggest that = they think that 2. A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on the responsibility of doing 3shoulder如教材碰，閃光點(diǎn)詞匯，P7：.touch Campus You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 肩負(fù)起責(zé)任sth. 假設(shè)你是李明，請(qǐng)你就本校食堂的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)一封

47、信，內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價(jià)格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等，可以是表?yè)P(yáng)，可以是批評(píng)建議，也可以兼而有之。 But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President, only book best Even of give can books only us one aspect knowledge. the of kind Li Ming the conclusion that “to contains one field

48、 of information. So, they can easily come to 2001.6 know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. as choose my To point, we should good books and read good read books to Suppose you are Zhang

49、Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. Directions: Wr

50、ite a composition about 120/150 words based on the following outline: 1.表示歡迎 ）1 當(dāng)前社會(huì)上存在許多不誠(chéng)實(shí)的現(xiàn)象2.提出過(guò)度假安排的建議 2）誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí) 3.提醒應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng) A Letter to a Schoolmate 2002.6 June 23,2001 Student Use of ComputersTopic: (at least150 words) Dear Xiao Wang 2001.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thir

51、ty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 面試在求職過(guò)程中的作用。 2. 取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是? 2000.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minut

52、es to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and bas your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 很多認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試，理由是? 2. 也有人持不同意見(jiàn)，? 3. 我的看法和打算 2000.1 your composi

53、tion on the outline (given in Chinese) below: Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the 1. 為什么說(shuō)欲速則不達(dá)。 . You should write at least 120 words, and How I Finance My College Educationtopic 2. 試舉例說(shuō)明。 base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) belo

54、w. 1996.6 ）可以通過(guò)多種途徑解決上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用（tuition and fees1. 哪種途徑適合于我（說(shuō)明理由）2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the 1999.6Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the grouphs below. ? You should write at least 120 words,

55、 and Reading Selectively Or Extensivelytopic base you composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: Heaalth Gains in Developing Countries 1. 有人認(rèn)為讀書(shū)要有選擇。Life Expectancy Infant Mortality 2. 有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書(shū)。 我的看法。3. 1999.1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compositi

56、on on the Don't Hesitate to Say No topic. the base your composition on should and write You should at least 120 words you outline (given in Chinese) below: 。別人請(qǐng)求幫助時(shí)，在什么情況下我們說(shuō)1.不 的時(shí)候不說(shuō)不。2.為什么有些人在該說(shuō)不 時(shí)不說(shuō)不3.該說(shuō)的壞處。不 1998.6Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compositi

57、on on the Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck? topic the least write You should at 120 composition base should your on you words and outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有些人認(rèn)為某些數(shù)字會(huì)帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。1996.1 2. 我認(rèn)為數(shù)字和運(yùn)氣無(wú)關(guān)，? Directions: 1998.1For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos