1、必備知識(shí)梳理必備知識(shí)梳理方法規(guī)律技巧方法規(guī)律技巧 課課 時(shí)時(shí) 作作 業(yè)業(yè) 例如：That isnt your dictionary，is it?這不是他的字典，是嗎？These are interesting stories，arent they?這些故事很有意思，不是嗎？2.當(dāng)陳說部分的主語是“I am.構(gòu)造時(shí)，疑問部分普通用“arent I？。如：Im late for class，arent I?我上課遲到了，對嗎？3.當(dāng)陳說句部分的主語是everybody，somebody，nobody，none等合成代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語多用they。如：Everyone came here, di

2、dnt they?每個(gè)人都來這了嗎？Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?我出去的時(shí)候沒人打吧？4當(dāng)陳說部分的主語是everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，疑問部分的主語用it。如：Nothing is too difficult for him，is it?對他來說沒什么事是困難的，是嗎？Everything is ready，isnt it?一切事都預(yù)備好了，對嗎？5當(dāng)陳說部分是不定代詞one作主語，疑問部分的主語在正式場所用one，在非正式場所用you。如：One cant be too careful, can on

3、e(you)?人再怎樣仔細(xì)也不過分，對吧？6.當(dāng)陳說部分是“there be主語其他構(gòu)造時(shí)，疑問部分用“be(not)there構(gòu)造。如：There is a book on the desk, isnt there?桌上有本書，是嗎？There are not any pens in the box, are there?盒子里沒筆了，是吧？7 . 當(dāng) 陳 說 部 分 的 主 語 是 “ I d o n t think/suppose/believe/guessthat從句構(gòu)造時(shí)，疑問部分的主語和謂語須和從句中的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，并且還要用一定方式。如：I dont think h

4、e can finish the work，can he?我以為他不能完成義務(wù)，是不是？I dont believe she knows it，does she?我置信她不知道這件事，對不對？8當(dāng)陳說部分的謂語動(dòng)詞是have時(shí)，有兩種情況：have作“有解時(shí)，可有兩種方式。如：He has a new book，hasnt/doesnt he?他有本新書，是不是？have表示其他意思時(shí)，只用do的相應(yīng)方式。如：She had a good time in the park，didnt she?她在公園玩得很開心，是不是？9當(dāng)陳說部分含有seldom，hardly，few，little，neve

5、r等否認(rèn)意義的詞時(shí)，疑問部分要用一定方式。She hardly knows French，does she?她幾乎不懂法語，是嗎？10陳說部分的謂語是帶有否認(rèn)前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的詞時(shí)，疑問部分仍用否認(rèn)方式。He dislikes playing football, doesnt he?他不喜歡踢足球，對嗎？11.陳說部分為祈使句時(shí)，假設(shè)為一定方式，那么疑問部分一定方式與否認(rèn)方式均可。假設(shè)為否認(rèn)方式，那么疑問部分只能用一定方式。Pass me the book，will/wont you?請遞給我那本書，好嗎？Dont be careless，will you?別再大意了，好嗎？1完全倒裝( 1 )

6、 T h e r e b e 主 語 . . . ， 此 構(gòu) 造 中 的 b e 有 時(shí) 用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物動(dòng)詞替代There seems to be something wrong with the machine.好似機(jī)器出了點(diǎn)問題。(2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus不及物動(dòng)詞名詞There goes the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall.鈴響了。我們進(jìn)入演講大廳吧。Be quick！Here comes the bus.快點(diǎn)！公共汽車來了。(3)Out/In/Up/Down/A

7、way/Off/Back/Over不及物動(dòng)詞名詞Out rushed the children.孩子們沖出了教室。Away flew the birds.鳥兒飛走了。(4)介詞短語(表地點(diǎn))不及物動(dòng)詞主語On the wall hang two large portraits.墻上掛著兩張巨幅畫像。(5)表語連系動(dòng)詞主語(表語可以是：描畫詞、介詞短語、如今分詞、過去分詞)Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.出席會(huì)議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。(6)Suc

8、hbe主語Such are the facts；no one can deny them.這些就是現(xiàn)實(shí)；沒有人可以否認(rèn)。2部分倒裝 (1)So/Neither/Nor助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(表示前一句中的內(nèi)容也適宜另一人或另一事物)Lily cant play tabletennis.Neither can I.麗麗不會(huì)打乒乓球。我也不會(huì)。比較：So主語助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(后面一個(gè)句子只是一定或反復(fù)前句的內(nèi)容)It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。So it was.確實(shí)如此。(2)表示否認(rèn)意義的副詞、連詞或短語置于句首時(shí)當(dāng)not，never，hardly，seldom，scar

9、cely，rarely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，no sooner.than，hardly.when等詞或短語位于句首時(shí)：By no means shall we give up.我們決不會(huì)放棄。At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情況下中國決不會(huì)第一個(gè)運(yùn)用核武器。(3)在so/such.that.句型中，假設(shè)so/such.提到句首時(shí)So nervous was she that she

10、 returned to China shortly after the earthquake.她地震之后如此緊張，結(jié)果很快回到中國。(4)當(dāng)“only狀語(副詞、介詞短語或從句)置于句首時(shí)Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只需在我朋友來了之后，電腦才修好。(5)用于as引導(dǎo)的退讓狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動(dòng)詞原形as主語)Try as he would，he might fail again.雖然他會(huì)努力，他也許再次失敗。 (6)在省略 if 的虛擬條件句中(當(dāng)條件從句中有were，had，should時(shí))Had you r

11、eviewed your lessons，you might have passed the examination. 要是早復(fù)習(xí)了功課，他有能夠就經(jīng)過考試了。Should it not rain，we would go for a picnic tomorrow.要是明天不下雨，我們就可以去野餐了。2介詞、連詞、關(guān)系代詞在某些條件下可以省略He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.他花了四個(gè)小時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)功課。Ive studied English (for) five years.我已學(xué)英語五年了。Its a pity (that) hes

12、leaving.他要走，真遺憾。3.句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、甚至謂語在某些條件下有能夠省略(1)省略主語Beg your pardon.請他原諒。(省略了主語I)Take care！留意！(省略了主語you)(2)省略謂語Who next？該誰了？(省略謂語comes)Well do the best we can.我們將盡力而為。(can后面省略了動(dòng)詞do)(3)省略表語Are you ready？Yes，I am.他預(yù)備好了嗎？我預(yù)備好了。(am后面省略了ready)(4)省略賓語Lets do the dishes.Ill wash and youll dry.讓我們洗碗吧。

13、我來洗，他來揩干。(wash和dry后面省略了賓語the dishes)(5)省略定語He spent part of the money，and the rest he saved.那錢他花了部分，其他的他都存了起來。(the rest后面省略了定語of the money)(6)省略狀語He was not hurt.Strange!他沒有受傷。真奇異！(Strange是How strange it is的省略)(2)由固定詞組引導(dǎo)的疑問句：What about having a game of chess?下盤棋怎樣樣？How come they left you alone here?

14、他們怎樣會(huì)把他一人留在這里呢？What if its raining?假設(shè)天下雨怎樣辦？Why not try again?為什么不再試試呢？(3)在口語中，為了防止反復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部反復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形而只留下不定式符號to。He may leave if he wishes to.他可以走，假設(shè)他情愿的話。Dont go till I tell you to.等我叫他走他再走。1我們可以運(yùn)用某些詞來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，如so，such，really和just。Our classmates were so excited when they were listening to her speec

15、h.我們的同窗們聽她的演講時(shí)是如此的激動(dòng)。I have never seen such a beautiful picture before.我以前從來就沒有見過這么美的畫。2假設(shè)要強(qiáng)調(diào)句中謂語動(dòng)詞以外的其他部分，我們可以運(yùn)用“Itbe被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that從句的句型。1)我們可以用這個(gè)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主語、賓語或狀語。以下例句闡明如何強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的不同部分：I saw Mr.White in the park last Sunday.上周日我在公園看見White先生了。It was I who saw Mr White in the park last Sunday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)上周日是我在公園看見

16、White先生的。It was Mr White whom/that I saw in the park last Sunday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)上周日我在公園看見的是White先生。It was in the park that I saw Mr White last Sunday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)上周日我是在公園看到White先生的。It was last Sunday that I saw Mr White in the park.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)我是上周日在公園看到White先生的。假設(shè)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是一個(gè)人或一群人，我們運(yùn)用who或that引導(dǎo)從句。2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞應(yīng)與原句一致，假設(shè)強(qiáng)調(diào)主

17、語，那么用主格，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語用賓格。It was I who went to Canada last summer.就是我去年夏天去了加拿大。It is him that I want to visit.我想去訪問的是他。3)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)造也可用于疑問句。Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?終究是為什么他昨天沒有來開會(huì)？4)我們還可運(yùn)用“It was not until.that.這個(gè)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語。It was not until I got home that I realized I had left my swea

18、ter on the playground.直到到了我家我才認(rèn)識(shí)到把毛衣落在了操場上。3假設(shè)要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)態(tài)為普通如今時(shí)或普經(jīng)過去時(shí)的一定句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，我們在該動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do，does或did。Tom does get up at 600 every day.湯姆確實(shí)每天六點(diǎn)起床。He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.他上周日確實(shí)來看過他，但是他出去了。例如：(2021山東淄博市期中考試)It was not until he came back_he knew the police were looking for him.AwhichBsinceCthat Dbefore解析It was not until. that. 為固定強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。答案C2積累標(biāo)志詞匯，判別能否倒裝。高考對倒裝句的調(diào)查主要有以下三個(gè)方面：(1)表示否認(rèn)意義的副詞，如not，seldom，hardly，rarely，never，nor，neithe