1、1. 虛擬語氣的考點虛擬語氣的考點 1、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結構中虛擬語氣的用法；、幾種特殊結構中虛擬語氣的用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念if if引導的虛擬條件

2、句引導的虛擬條件句虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中表示與事實情況相反表示與事實情況相反條件從句的謂語形式條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現在情況表示現在情況過去式過去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第用于第1人稱人稱) +動動詞原形詞原形(do)表示過去情況表示過去情況過去完成式過去完成式(had +done上面上面4個情態動詞個情態動詞+have done表示將來情況表示將來情況過去式

3、過去式 (did)should + do were to do4個情態動詞個情態動詞 + doIf + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形動詞原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我會再試一次如果我是你，我會再試一次。2.2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.與現在事實相反的虛擬條件句與現在事實相反的虛擬條件句If +主主 +had

4、done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞完成式（動詞完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力學的話，他就通過這次考試。如果他努力學的話，他就通過這次考試。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是當時我和她結了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。要是當時我和她結了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相

5、反的虛擬條件句( (通常有時間狀語通常有時間狀語) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話, ,我會告訴他這件事我會告訴他這件事.2.2.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話, ,我會告訴他我會告訴他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形動詞原形虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句例句1.If you had

6、 come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實相反)2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實可能相反)3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。(與現在事實相反，事實上我不可能是你)虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中If he _he _that food. Luckily he was sent to

7、 the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If

8、 my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented虛擬語氣虛擬語氣二、省略二、省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句當從句中有 were, had 或 should 時，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I

9、 to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣三、錯綜時間的條件句三、錯綜時間的條件句 即從句與主句的動作發生的時間不同。此時，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如：1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學習的話，現在干的就會容易些。 2. If he

10、 had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這樣好。 虛擬語氣在復合句中的應用：虛擬語氣在復合句中的應用：If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money, me some money, I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new the new house and most likely I would be house and most likely I would

11、 be still living in the dangerous still living in the dangerous house now.house now.假若你不借錢給我，假若你不借錢給我， 我不可能買下這幢我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現在還住在危房里。新房，很可能現在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現在。）在。）虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1、記住：這些動詞后面接的賓語從句：表示愿望( wish), 建議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insi

12、st), 命令(order, command)等。2、除wish外，其它動詞用should + do 構成, should 可以省略。3、 wish接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態動詞(would / could) + do虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。3. I wish (that) yo

13、u would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一個好職業。4. He wished he hadnt done it. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。5. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。 虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣4、記住：記住：insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist 表示表示“堅決要求堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即時，用虛擬形式，即 sh

14、ould + do;Insist 表示表示“堅稱，堅持說堅稱，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。Suggest 表示表示“建議建議”時，用虛擬形式。時，用虛擬形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。時，用陳述語氣。例句例句1) The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 2) He insisted that all of us should be there on time by

15、 any means. 他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。 3) He insisted that he was right.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣5. 在在would (had) rather(寧愿寧愿) 引導的賓語引導的賓語從句中從句中 當從句表示現在或將來的時間時當從句表示現在或將來的時間時,謂語動詞要謂語動詞要用一般過去時用一般過去時;表示過去時間時表示過去時間時,謂語動詞謂語動詞要用過去完成時。要用過去完成時。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.虛擬語氣

16、在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形 例句1. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 2. Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。3. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要

17、的是我們要照顧好病人。 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語從句的謂語動詞用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在表語從句中在表語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣同位語從句的先行詞常是表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。 The suggestio

18、n that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在同位語從句中在同位語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done).一、as if 連接表語從句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he

19、hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 連接讓步狀語從 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在在 as if 從句中從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現在的情況,應用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時態 If only I had arrived in t

20、ime!If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/right) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時或should + do Its time that you left here.虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣中的幾個特例3. Its (about/high) time +that - 過去時should +V.你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們該去睡覺了

21、。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. 一些介詞短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時主句要用虛擬語氣 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣中的幾個特例1. 條件暗含在短語中。如：條件暗含在短語中。如： W hat would I have done wi

22、thout you? (條件暗含在分詞短語條件暗含在分詞短語without you中中) It would be easier to do it this way. (條件暗含在不定式短語條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way 中中) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含條件是暗含條件是but for your help)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had

23、missed C. would miss D. missed2. If I knew you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. s

24、ell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虛擬語氣虛擬語氣6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America a

25、s if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虛擬語氣虛擬語氣9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D.