1、高二狀語從句專題二（本部分主要講條件、時間狀語從句及讓步狀語從句，讓學生通過例句來總結知識點，適合自主學習性比較強的學員）1.狀語從句定義：狀語從句在復合句中起狀語的作用，用于修飾主句中的謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句一般由連詞引導，連詞不充當任何成分，只起連接作用。根據它的意思，可分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步狀語從句。2.引導狀語從句的連詞叫從屬連詞，位置可放在句首或句末，放在句首時，常用逗號與主句分開；放在句末時，從句前面往往不用逗號。NO.1條件狀語從句1. 概念：由引導詞if或unless引導的狀語從句叫做條件狀語從句。在英文中，條件是指某一件事情實現(xiàn)之

2、后(狀語從句中的動作)，其它事情(主句中的動作)才能發(fā)生，通常譯作"假如"。注意:在含有條件狀語從句的復合句中，表示將來時態(tài)，主句是一般將來時態(tài),祈使句或情態(tài)動詞，從句要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài),主將從現(xiàn)原則(主將從現(xiàn)，并非指將來時，還指表示將來含義的，跟著if后的那句話是從句。)2.關系詞: 主要的有if，unless，as/so long as 等。 eg1：除非我打電話，否則你別來。 Don't come unless I telephone. 如果你仔細看，你會看出該怎樣做。 If you watch carefully you will see how to do it

3、.只要你盡力，我們就滿意了。 As long as you do your best, we'll be happy.3.常見引導詞a: In case表示 “如果”、“萬一”In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐摇ake a coat in case the weather turns cold.帶上一件外衣吧，以防天氣轉涼了。Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.作車租車去，免得開會遲到。注意：in case 的意思是“萬一，以防”，常用來引導條件狀

4、語從句。擴展：in case 的用法注意事項1） in case 與in case of性質不同：in case 可用作連詞和副詞；in case of 用作介詞。In case of fire, ring the bell. 如發(fā)生火災，請按鈴。The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿江筑了堤壩以防有洪水。2）in case與if有時意思不同：Ill come tomorrow in case Ann wants me. 明天我要來，以備安找我。 Ill come tomorrow if Ann wants me. 如果安

5、找我，我明天就來。 b. if和unless 表示“如果，除非；如果不”的意思，相當于ifnot,有時二者可以換用。If you have any questions or comments, you can voice them now. 你們如果有任何疑問或意見，可以現(xiàn)在提出。 If you dont visit him tomorrow, he will be angry. 如果你明天不去看他，他會生氣的。 =Unless you visit him tomorrow, hell be angry.除非你明天去看他，否則他就會生氣的。C. as long as和so long as表示“

6、只要”的意思Naturally, so long as they can understand. 當然可以，只要他們能理解。 So long as I live, I must study. 只要還活著，我就要學習。Very well, so long as everybody joins in.很好，只要大家都參加。So long as studies attentively, anything will learn well. 只要用心學，什么都可以學好的。d. Provided/supposing/on condition that表示“在的條件下”We can finish the j

7、ob in time provided/on condition that there is a stable supply of material. 在材料供應穩(wěn)定的前提下，我們能夠按時完成任務。注意：provided that表示“在的前提/條件下”，就是on condition that，其格式固定，不用providing that。Supposing that now you are at the airport, then you can directly take the blue bus to get to the hotel.如果你現(xiàn)在到了機場，你可以直接乘坐巴士到酒店。注意：

8、supposing that也表示“在的前提/條件下”. 假設你已經到達了機場的條件下，你就可以選擇巴士公共交通去酒店了。e. once表示“一旦就” Once I killed you, you are not able to live on. 一旦我殺了你，你就不能存活了。注意：once引導條件狀語從句，表示“一旦”。Once可以用作時間狀語從句，也可以翻譯成為一就，只是哪個更貼切的不同。4. 條件狀語從句的時態(tài)遵循原則：主語與從句時態(tài)上保持一致的原則。1） Hell be a doctor when he finishes studying here.他結束在這兒的學習之后，將會成為一名

9、醫(yī)生。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well start. 明天如果不下雨，我們就出發(fā)。注意：條件狀語從句的主句是一般將來時，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時，有時也可以用現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時。兩個例句中的主句都是一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。2） If you get the book, let me know. 如果你弄到了那本書，告訴我一聲。If he feels like seeing the sights of the city, he can take a bus tour. 如果他想看城市風光，他可以做城市觀光車。注意：有時主句中用祈使句和情態(tài)動詞來替代將來時

10、態(tài)。3） What do you want to do if you have much money?如果你有很多錢，你想要做什么？I hope to see her if Im free.如果我有空，我希望去看看她。注意：如果主句謂語動詞是want, hope等詞，則條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。4） 在有些句子中，主、從句都可用一般現(xiàn)在時，如：If you ring this number, no one answers.如果你打這個電話號碼，不會有人接。If you press the switch, the computer comes on.如果你按這個開關，計算機就會啟動。專題精講1.

11、 Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _they are not managed carefully.A. though B. before C. until D. if【答案】D【考點】本題考查連詞的用法。【解析】句意為：如果小帆船沒有被仔細掌控好的話, 那么在水中就很容易被打翻。if如果, 引導條件狀語從句。2. In time of serious accidents, we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.A. whether B. unt

12、il C. if D. unless【答案】C【考點】本題考查條件狀語從句【解析】本題考查連詞的用法, 根據句意, 此處為條件狀語從句, 故C項正確。3. My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though【答案】C【考點】本題考查狀語從句的引導詞。【解析】根據題干意思可知此處是條件狀語從句, 引導詞意思是：只要, 選C。even though引導讓步狀語從句, 意思是：即使；as soon as引導時間狀語從句, 意思是：一就；as thou

13、gh引導方式狀語從句, 意思是：仿佛, 好像。4. environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）to recover.A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once【答案】D【考點】本題考查狀語從句引導詞的用法。【解析】even if即使, 即便, 用于引導讓步狀語從句；if only要是就好了, 多用于感嘆句, 要用虛擬語氣；while可引導時間狀語從句；once一旦引導條件狀語從句。此題意為：一旦環(huán)境遭到破壞, 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就要花費很多年的時間才能得到恢復。5.W

14、hat would you do if it tomorrow?We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready.A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining【答案】B【考點】本題是對一般現(xiàn)在時在條件狀語從句中表將來的考查。【解析】第二句的語境已經暗示：我們得繼續(xù)執(zhí)行（計劃）, 因為一切已經準備就緒。第一句中的would為情態(tài)動詞, 表示意愿, 并非過去時態(tài)。專題過關選擇1.I think our boat can pass the treacherous water cautiously

15、handled.A. untilB. ifC. lestD. with2.I'll give you a lift I get home you get off.A. before. ifB. after. asC. if. beforeD. until . before3.You'll succeed in time you study hard.A. unlessB. as long asC. even ifD. even though4.The robber told him that he had better keep silent he wanted to get

16、into trouble.A. ifB. unlessC. otherwiseD. whether5.I have made a promise anyone can tell me the secret, I'll give him a little present.A. that ifB. thatC. whenD. so long as6.Don't let her leave the department she is not ready to.A. ifB. thoughC. unlessD. till7.I wrote these words down I shou

17、ld forget.A. forB. soC. lestD. since8.We are sure to do the work well we don't lose heart.A. forB. so long asC. as ifD. since9.He would be punished he should make the same mistake again.A. unlessB. ifC. providedD. lest10.Anyone can borrow books from this library he keeps them clean and returns t

18、hem in time.A. even ifB. unlessC. so thatD. as long as11. you return those books to the library immediately, you will have to pay a fine.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. Provided12.The parents did not allow their son to swim in the sea he might have an accident some day.A. for fear thatB. in case ofC. besid

19、esD. and that13.It is a gripping story and one can't put it down one has finished reading it.A. afterB. whenC. unlessD. until14.They agreed to rent the house the roof should be repaired.A. on condition that B. as soon asC. whenD. unless15.The more civilized man has become, he is limited by the d

20、isadvantage of his environment.A. and the more B. the lessC. testD. and the lessKeys: 1-5 BCBBA 6-10 AC BBD 11-15 BADAB翻譯1. 如果你有任何疑問或意見，可以現(xiàn)在提出。2. 除非你吃肉，否則這種旅行就不適合你，因為這個地方的人以動物、鳥和魚為主食。3. 帶上些錢，萬一你想要買一些東西呢。4. 只要你不放棄，我們就能找到克服困難的辦法。答案：1. If you have any questions or comments, you can voice them now.2. Un

21、less you eat meat, this tour is not for you as people there live on animals, birds and fish.3. Take some money with you in case you want to buy something.4. As/so long as you dont give up, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.學法提煉條件狀語從句常見引導詞：In case、unless、As/so long as、If、Provided that、Provid

22、ing that、Suppose that、Supposing that、On condition thatNO.2時間狀語從句1.概念：引導時間狀語從句的連詞有很多，常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。2. 引導詞1）表示“當時候”：whenMozart started writing music when he was four years old. (在)莫扎特4歲的時候，開始寫音樂作品。 注意：例句中的兩個動作started和was, 都發(fā)生在過去，客觀描述過去事實，動詞既可以用短暫性的

23、，也可以是持續(xù)性的。具體辨析見節(jié)講解。2）在.期間：whileHe visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅行期間參觀了許多地方。 注意：例句中的兩個動作visit和was traveling, 都發(fā)生在過去，主句用過去式描述過去發(fā)生的動作，從句用過去進行式表示一短時間持續(xù)的動作，用延續(xù)性動詞travel。3）在.的同時；一邊.一邊.：asWe always sing as we walk. 我們總是一邊走一邊唱。 注意：例句中的兩個動作sing和walk幾乎是同時發(fā)生的，用連詞as連接表示一邊一邊的意思。4）在.之后：afterH

24、e left the classroom after he had finished his homework . 他做完作業(yè)之后就離開教室。 5）在.之前：beforeMr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 布朗先生來這里之前已經在一家銀行里工作一年了。常用句型：It is/was(not)+時間+before+從句It will(not)be+時間+before+從句no sooner. than, hardly. when等引導的從句常用一般過去時，主句往往和過去完成時連用；為了加強語氣，主句還可以用倒

25、裝語序。如：No sooner had he got home when it started to rain. 他一回到家天就開始下雨。6）until/tilluntil在肯定句中通常只連用延續(xù)性動詞，表示相應動作結束的時間；在否定句中通常連用非延續(xù)性動詞，表示相應動作開始的時間，意為“直到才”。 He waited until she was about to leave. 他一直等到她準備離開。I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才開始工作。注意：這兩個例句中，第一個動詞wait是延續(xù)性動詞表示在某動作結束之前，一致保持的動作。

26、第二個例句中，第一個動詞begin是一個短暫性動詞，表示知道他走了之后我才開始工作。7）表示“一就”:表示“一就”除用as soon as外，還可用the minute, the second, the instant, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner. than, scarcely/hardly. when等。I came immediately you called. 你一來電話我就來了。Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來了。注意：這三個

27、例句中，第一個例句從句用過去式came，主句用過去時called, 表示一就的意思。 第二個例句中，從句用過去式，主句用過去完成時。8）表示“截止(時間)”： by the time的意思是“截止(時間)”，可以引導時間狀語從句。By the time引導的從句若是一般現(xiàn)在時，主句要用將來完成時；若是一般過去時，主句則要用過去完成時。By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家時她已睡覺了。注意：這兩個例句中，第一個例句從句用過去式got home，主句用過去完成時had already gone to bed。 第二個例句中

28、，從句用一般現(xiàn)在是，主句用將來完成時。3. 時間狀語從句高考重難點突破1）when, while和as的區(qū)別When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我停止吃飯。(瞬間動詞) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當我住在農村時，我常常為他擔水。（延續(xù)性的動詞） We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。(瞬間動詞) 注意：when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬間動詞。并且

29、when有時表示“就在那時”。While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）注意：While引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走

30、邊唱。（as表示“一邊一邊”） As we was going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強調句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調開始下雪的特定時間）注意：As表示“一邊一邊”，as引導的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調“一先一后。典型例題：In some places women are expected to earn money_men work at home and raise their children.A.but B.while C.because D.though【答案】B【考點】本題考查連詞

31、的用法。【解析】句意為：有些地方, 婦女被要求掙錢而男人在家里干活和養(yǎng)育孩子。從該句句意可知, 此題用while表示婦女與男人兩種情況的對比。A項but表示轉折, C項because表示原因, D項though表示讓步, B項while表示并列。2）before和after的區(qū)別：It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.愛因斯坦幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just bef

32、ore the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他們結婚還不到四個月就離婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）注意：before引導的從句不再用否定式的

33、謂語，并且當before引導的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關系。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關系正好與before引導的從句相反。3）since用法I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is

34、four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。 注意：since引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在It is +時間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。拓展：1. It is since從。以來多長時間了(因為since +從句或名詞，表示一段時間) It is five years since

35、we met last time.從我們上次見面已經五年了。 2. It is +before(才) It was a long time before I went to sleep again. 過了很長時間我才睡著。It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived. 過了一個小時，警察才來。4）hardly (scarcely, rarely)when 和before, no soonerthan的區(qū)別He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another jo

36、urney. 他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進來了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.他剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。注意：hardly (scarcely, r

37、arely)when / before, no soonerthan相當于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應用倒裝語序。專題精講1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _weve actually had that lesson.A. until B. after C. since D. when【答案】A【考點】本題考查狀語從句的引導詞。【解析】句意為：對我們來說在生活中得到啟示是很難的, 直到我們真正得到了那一啟示

38、。A項為 “直到”；B項為 “在以后”；C項為 “自從以來”；D項為 “當的時候”。2. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as【答案】A【考點】本題考查狀語從句的引導詞。【解析】該句的意思是：在你得到你的學生卡之前你不能從學校圖書館借書。所以選before。3. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _Brian gets back.

39、 A. before B. since C. till D. after【答案】A【考點】本題考查狀語從句的引導詞。【解析】句意為:對不起讓你久等了, 但是還得再過一段時間Brian才回來。故空格處須用before表示 “在之前, 直到才”。4.It was April 29, 2019 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A .that B. when C .since D. before【答案】B【考點】考查時間狀語從句。【解析】句意為：2001年4月

40、29日，威廉王子和凱特步入了婚姻的殿堂。5.John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since【答案】C【考點】考查狀語從句。【解析】所填詞引導狀語從句, 構成It（will）be+時間段+狀語從句, 意思是：過多久才將., 選C。5.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _weve actually had that lesson.A. until B. after C. since D. when【

41、答案】A【考點】本題考查狀語從句的引導詞。【解析】句意為：對我們來說在生活中得到啟示是很難的, 直到我們真正得到了那一啟示。A項為 “直到”；B項為 “在以后”；C項為 “自從以來”；D項為 “當的時候”。專題過關1.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosityhe reached the end of the story.A. whenB. unlessC. afterD. until2.He transplanted the little tree to the gardenit was the b

42、est time for it.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until3.He was about to tell me the secretsomeone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whileD. when4. you understand this rule, you'll have no further difficulty.A. WhileB. OnceC. ThoughD. Unless5.Substances will expand or contractheated or cooled, b

43、ut this is not the case with water.A. when they will be B. if they will beC. as they beingD. when6.It will not be longman can harness the solar energy and make it serve mankind.A. sinceB. beforeC. whenD. after7.It was found that although the girl could perceive things with her fingers, this ability

44、ceased her hands were wet.A. the moment when B. the momentC. in that momentD. before8.A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long timethe guards discovered what had happened.A. beforeB. untilC. sinceD. when9.We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized herI saw her.A. the momentB. th

45、e moment whenC. for the momentD. at the moment when10. he entered the university, his English has been much improved.A. BeforeB. AfterC. WhenD. Since11.He has been to Beijing for several timeshe came to China.A. beforeB. whenC. sinceD. as12.I watched himhe disappeared from sight in the distance.A. u

46、nlessB. untilC. asD. when13.It was going to be some timehe would see his parent again.A. sinceB. untilC. whenD. before14.Many young people rose and shouted the pop singer appeared on the stage.A. at the moment B. on seeingC. the momentD. when they saw15. he made up his mind to do something, nothing

47、can change his mind.A. OnceB. UnlessC. AlthoughD. As soon as16.They had only been married for no more than three months they began to quarrel with each other.A. sinceB. untilC. afterD. before17.Scarcely had I finished the work I went home.A. beforeB. thanC. asD. when18.We were walking down the stree

48、t he saw one of his old friends.A. thenB. whenC. soD. but19.Ithe returns to his native land.A. is long before thatB. is long beforeC. won't be long beforeD. will be long since20. the Europeans knew what a compass was, the Chinese had put it into practical use.A. Before longB. Long sinceC. Long a

49、goD. Long before21. on a clear day far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A. WalkingB. When one is walkingC. If walkingD. When walking22.I thought him a pleasant person to work with I met him.A. the first timeB. for the first time C. first timeD. by the first time

50、23.He has been in hospital he had his right leg broken last month.A. becauseB. whenC. afterD. since24. he decided to go there alone, none of us can stop him.A. OnceB. UnlessC. BeforeD. Since25.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true it comes to the

51、classroom tests.A. beforeB. asC. sinceD. whenKeys: 1-5 DBDBD 6-10 BBAAD 11-15 CBDCA 16-20 DDBCD 21-25 BADADNO.3讓步狀語從句1.概念：讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們日常生活中用的“退一步說”。2.關系詞：引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有although, though, however (=no matter how), even if（即使），whether. or（不論還是）等連詞。 The speech is good,

52、 though it could be better. 這次演講不錯，雖然還可以再好一點。He went out even though it was raining. 管下著雨，他還是出去了。3.讓步狀語從句常見的引導詞：1）Though和although: 都表示“盡管”的意思（×）: Although he is rich but he is not happy. （） : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂. （×）: Although we have grown up, our par

53、ents treat us as children. （）: Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 盡管我們已經長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩. 注意：兩者都當雖然講，但從以上兩個例句來看，兩者且都可以與yet/still連用，但是不能與but連用。although引導的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多；though引導的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。2）as意為“雖然，盡管”Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out v

54、ery early. Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he. 注意：他雖然年輕，但懂得很多。though 也有這種用法，可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法. 引導讓步狀語從句時，as引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“盡管，雖然”，從句多位于主句之前，而且必須使用倒裝語序。通常如果從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語，則把表語置于句首，而且名詞前要省略冠詞；如果從句中有修飾動詞的副詞，則將該副詞置于句首；如果從句中有情態(tài)動詞，則將情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形置于句首。拓展：1. 名詞提句首時，不加冠詞： Teacher as he is, he likes Chinese very much. (teacher 前不加a或the） 2. though還可以用作副詞，放在句末。如： It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed i