1、英語語言學練習測試題及參考答案本科頁腳1. Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called.A. duality B. productivityC. displacement D. arbitrarinessKey:

2、B2. The function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing afavorableatmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanginginformation or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3. From a functional approach, the meaning of a language use consists

3、 of what iscommunicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4. When - ing in(gangling ' is removed to get a verb'gangle' , we call this way ofcreating words.A. suffixationB. back-formation C. blendingD. acronymyKey

4、: B5. refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positionsof importance.A. Degradation B. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6. As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way ofexpressing his ideas in language. This language variety

5、of individual users is calledA. idiolect B. regional dialect C. temporal dialect D. social dialectKey: A7. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to theword, they are collectively known as.A. intonationB. toneC. phoneme D. sentence stressKey: A8. refers to the

6、change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of sound C. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9. Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family.Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the family.A. Indo-European

7、B. Sino-Tibetan C. Hamito-SemiticD.Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10. A is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morpheme B. phoneme C. graphemeD. letterKey: C11. All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemicwords which consist wholly of f

8、ree morphemes are called.A. hyponymsB. compounds C. blends D. allomorphsKey: B12. The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or c

9、ategories is called.A. concordB. government C. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called.A. blendingB. clipping C. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of (linguistic potential ' and (actual

10、linguistic behavior ' is proposed by.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de Saussure C. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called meaning.A. denotativeB. connotative C. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to

11、 do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship continually categori zed as “:. A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: Alanguage.A. isolatingB. fusional C. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18.refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically

12、followed by a specialtype of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD.Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between“dead” and “aliveis labele d asA. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The wordsencoreI a _ _ 力and au pairare loanwords fromA. FrenchB.

13、 German C. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction oflangue and parole is proposed bya. N. Chomskyb. F. de Saussure c. M. A. Halliday d. J. AustinKey: bc. .Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?a. native English wordsb. borrowed wordsc. echoic wordsd.

14、 one-syllable wordsKey: c23.Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone s?a. voicelessb. oralc. alveolard. lateral17. According to words ' structures, Turkish is a typicalKey: d24.In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants f, v area. dentalb. alveolarc. palatal

15、d. labiodentalKey: d25.In terms of manner of articulation,the sounds p, b, t,d, k, g area. affricatesb. fricativesc. bilabiald. oral stopsNOTcorrect?Key: d26 .Which of the following statements about allophone isa. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeb. Allophones of the same phoneme ar

16、e in complementary distribution.c. Allophones distinguish meaning. d. Allophones are language specific.Key: c27 .Which of the following words is not a free morpheme?a. ableb. petc. changed. dustyKey: d28 .How many morphemes are there in the word discharged ?a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 5Key: b29 .Which of the fol

17、lowing words is made up of bound morphemes only?a. happiness b. television c. ecologyd. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called.頁腳a. interchangeabilityb. productivityc. cultural trans

18、missiond. arbitrarinessKey: c31.The famous quotation from Shakespeare' s play Romeoand Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet ' well illustrates.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference bet

19、ween human language and animal communicationKey: A32.Of the following sound combinations, only is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a formula"S-NP VP .A. hierarchical B. linearC. tree

20、 diagramD. verticalKey: B34.1 t is the on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case Condition B. Case ParameterC. Adjacent Condition D.AdjacentParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC

21、. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach whichs

22、tudies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historicalcomparative Key: B 38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of addres

23、s forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title alone D.firstname+last name+title Key: C39 . Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in someparts. When language and thought are identical

24、 or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech, " and speech as “:.A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overtthoughtKey: D40 .Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?A. Language acquisition is a proce

25、ss of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words“kowtow” and“tea ” are loanwords fromA.

26、 ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The termlinguisticsmay be defined as a way of referring to theapproach whichstudies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historicalcomparativeKey: B43. The formationof n

27、ew words by combining parts of two words or a word plusa part of anotheris calledA. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A44. According to words ' structures,Latin is a typicallanguage.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between“I 力animaland “l(fā)amb

28、” is labeled asA. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymy頁腳Key: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaningand sounds. This property of language is called.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacement D. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The function refer

29、s to the use of language to create certain feelings in thehearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account ofthe meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associative B. affective C. stylistic

30、 D. collocativeKey: D49. When or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating wordsA. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymyKey:50. The relation between “rose” and “flower" is labeled as.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C51. Lang

31、uage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacement D. arbitrarinessKey: C52. WheHanguage is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a function.A. directive B. informative C. inter

32、rogative D. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a study.A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descriptive D. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between“competence” and “performance" was made by.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de Saussure C. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55

33、. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as t, l, andz can be labeled as ones.A. dental B. bilabial C. velar D. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “inter nation alism " should be regarded as a.A. root B. stem C. pr

34、efix D. suffixKey: B57. Words such as “telex ” and “workfare " are created through.A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as“John isa student. " belongs to construction.A. endocentric B. exocent

35、ric C. coordinate D. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship b etween “male” and “female" is.A. complementarity B. gradability C. relational opposites D. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing meaning.A. sentence B. lexical C. grammatical D. utteranceKey: B11. Are

36、the following statements true (T) or false (F)?1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment of a sentence. T/FKey: T2. It doesn ' t make sense to ask what language a sentence belongs to. T/FKey: F3. A stem first of all refers to any m

37、orpheme or combination of morphemes, but an affix can be added to it. T/FKey: T4. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world. T/FKey: F5. In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations. T/FKey:

38、 T6. The use of the term 'implicature ' is different from (implication ' in that it usuallyindicates a rather narrowly defined logical relationship between two propositions. T/FKey: F7. A phrase means two or more words in sequence, intended to have meaning, that form a syntactic unit tha

39、t is less than a complete sentence. It is actually synonymous with word group. T/FKey: F8. Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences of individual lexical items, or collocates. This relationof co-occurrenceusually cannot be accounted for. T/FK

40、ey: T9. In order to understand how conversational principles work, we mayconsider how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily communication. T/FKey: T1. .Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to makegrammatical sente

41、nces in a language, i.e. it deals with the relationships between elements in sentence structures. T/FKey: T11. Even in modern society, the primary mediumis sound for all languages, and the fact that children acquire spoken language first before they can read or write also indicates that language is

42、primarily vocal.Key: T12. The defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication are termed design features.Key: T13. There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our thoughts, so languageis only one aspect of semiotics.Key: T14. Modern

43、 linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language as secondary.Key: T15. Descriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for'correct ' language use, i.e., totell people what they should say and what should not say.Key: F16. Phonology is the branch of linguistics which stud

44、ies the characteristics of speech sounds and their patterns.Key: F17. The case category is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between words in a sentence.Key: T18. Language is genetically transmitted.Key: F19. The grammar taught today to language learners is

45、still basically descriptive.Key: F20. All the sounds produced by human are speech sounds.Key: F21. Generally speaking, pragmatics can be understood as a branch of linguistic study that deals with the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and theeffects of our choice on oth

46、ers.Key: T22. f,v, s, z, and are all fricative in English, but and are alveolarwhile f and v are dental.Key: F23. In most cases, sentence is synonymous with utterance.Key: F24. Syntax exclusively deals with the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure, and it has nothin

47、g to do with exploring the syntactic relation beyond sentence boundary.Key: F25. The London School proposed a functional approach towards the concept of phoneme, and N. Trubetzkoy made the greatest contribution to the related study.Key: F26. A phoneme in a language is a distinctive sound which is ca

48、pable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another.Key: T27. Every language is part of a culture, and it cannot but serve and reflect cultural needs. Key: T28. Sentence can be extended either by conjoining or embedding, and a construction where constituents have been linked through

49、 the use of conjunction indicates a paratactic relation.Key: F29. Both Chinese and English are tone languages.Key: F30. Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.Key: F31. Derivation changes always result in change of the word class of the original words.Key: T32. Pitch variations maybe di

50、stinctive like phonemes, and in this function they are called tones. Languages using tones, like Chinese, are called tone language.Key: T33. The notion of inflection just indicates the manifestation of grammatical relationships, rather than lexical ones, through the addition of inflectional affixes.

51、Key: T34. The same morpheme always takes different forms in different contexts.Key: T35. According to P. Grice, whether a speaker follows or violates the Maximsof the Cooperative Principle,he produces someimplicature, i.e. a kind of extra meaning that is not containedin the utterance.Key: T36. In th

52、e history of any language the writing system always cameinto being before the spoken form. T/FKey: F1.1 In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.T/FKey: T38 .A compound is the combination of only two words.T

53、/FKey: F39 . “The student" in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture” , and“Thelinguistic lecture " in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student. " belong to the same syntactic category. T/FKey: T40 .Linguistic forms having the same sense may have differen

54、t references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. T/FKey: F41 .An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition,unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated

55、, the original presupposition is still true.T/FKey: T42 .The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is non-conventional and not arbitrary. T/FKey: F43 .Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is notobscene; but it can connote s

56、exist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. T/FKey: T1.1 If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. T/FKey: T45. When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the soundsthat

57、are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. T/FKey: F46. Leonard Bloomfield maintained that linguistics should describe instead of prescribe what people actually say and should take a deductive approach in analyzing data.Key: F47. Chomsky believes that linguistic study and re