1、八年級英語語法復習資料八年級英語語法復習資料行為動詞的一般過去時1過去式的構成：a.動詞過去式的變化可速記為“直”、“去”、“雙”、“改”四字訣。一般情況下在動詞原形后直接加-ed.如：wanted，played.以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞，去掉e再加-ed.如：hoped，lived.重讀閉音節單詞需雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加-ed.如：stopped.以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞變y為i，再加-ed.如：studied，worried.b.不規則動詞變化，要逐一熟記。 2實義動詞過去式的句式。肯定式：主語肯定式：主語+ +動詞過去式動詞過去式+ +其它。其它。如：They had a good

2、time yesterday. 否定式：主語否定式：主語+did not+did not（didntdidnt）+ +動詞原形動詞原形+ +其它。其它。 如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Did+Did+主語主語+ +動詞原形動詞原形+ +其它？其它？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語+did. 否定回答：No，主語+didnt.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？ Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+did+主語主語+ +動

3、詞原形動詞原形+ +其它？其它？ 如：What time did you finish your homework？ 3一般過去時的用法：a.a.主要用于過去某個時間發生的動作或狀態。主要用于過去某個時間發生的動作或狀態。My father worked in Shanghai last year.b.b.表示過去經常或反復發生的動作，常與表示過去經常或反復發生的動作，常與oftenoften，alwaysalways等等 表示頻度的時間狀語連用。表示頻度的時間狀語連用。I often went to school on foot.c.c.與與whenwhen等連詞引導的狀語從句連用。等連詞引

4、導的狀語從句連用。When he got home，he had a short rest.4一般過去時的時間狀語：a moment agoa moment ago（剛才），（剛才），yesterday morningyesterday morning，last night/ last night/ weekweek，the day before yesterdaythe day before yesterday（前天），（前天），just nowjust now（剛才），（剛才），in 2006, three days agoin 2006, three days ago等等用所給動詞的正確

5、形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do) my homework last night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ _ _ (

6、help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday.wentplayedis singingreadsawwentwill openwill helpwill workwatched句型轉換1. I went to the party last Friday. （改為一般疑問句）_ you _ to the party last Friday?2. I had a

7、 nice time last Sunday. （改為一般疑問句）_ you _ nice time last Sunday?3. We went to London two years ago. （對劃線部分提問）_ _ you_ to London?4. He did his homework in the morning. （改為否定句）He_ _ his homework in the morning.DidgoDidhaveWhendidgodidnt do 現在完成時考點分析現在完成時考點分析一、現在完成時的基本知識一、現在完成時的基本知識（一）構成：現在完成時由“助動詞have

8、/ has +動詞的過去分詞”構成。Have 和has 無詞義，在人稱代詞后面have和has可分別縮寫 ve 和 s 。過去分詞同過去式一樣，一般在動詞詞尾加 ed。不規則變化則要牢記在心。（二）用法：（1）表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，常與alreadyalready (已經), everever (曾經),yet yet ,justjust (剛剛), beforebefore (以前) 等詞連用。如： We have alreadyalready read the book 我們已經讀過這本書了。 表示過去發生的動作持續到了現在，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用。如

9、：MrGreen has lived in Being for three years格林先生住在北京三年了。 二、現在完成時的標志詞二、現在完成時的標志詞 是否使用現在完成時不僅可以通過了解句子的漢語意思套用其基本用法，還可以通過觀察時間標志詞。和現在完成時態連用的時間狀語主要有以下三種：1.1.句中出現句中出現 justjust，nevernever， everever， alreadyalready， yetyet等詞時句子一般使用現在完成時。等詞時句子一般使用現在完成時。例如： I have alreadyalready had my lunch. He hasnt found the

10、 answer to the question yetyet.2.for 2.for 一段時間或一段時間或sincesince點時間或引導時間狀語點時間或引導時間狀語從句從句（一（一 般多為過去時）。般多為過去時）。例如：He has been a teacher for 20 years. I have known him since we were little-boys. 3.so far(3.so far(到目前為止到目前為止) )，in the past/lastin the past/last表示一段時間表示一段時間的詞語。的詞語。例如： I havent seen him so

11、far. He hasnt talked with me in the past/three days.(一)考查現在完成時的一般用法 ( )1Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No，I wontI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novelShe_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read ( )3How long_ you_ h

12、ere? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changedABD（二）考查非延續性動詞與一段時間連用的表達方式( )1OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new?No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friendHe_it for a weekAhas borr

13、owed B.has lent C.has kept Dlend( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hour Ahas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone awayBCC (三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to與havehas been in的區別( )1Wheres your father?He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been

14、 to Chave gone to Dhave been to( )2Where is David? He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes ( )3._ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twiceAHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go DWere; goingABB(四)考查for與since接時間狀語時的區別( )1What a nice dog! How long have you had it?-_two years AFor BSinc

15、e C. In( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993A. for Bat Cin Dsince (五)考查現在完成時與一般過去時的區別( )1-He has already gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go Bis; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone( )2Have you read this book?yes, I_it two weeks ago.Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read DreadADCD(六)現在完成時在特定語境下的使用(

16、)1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can?Yes，but Ifewer mistakes than I usually doAwas making Bhave made Cwill make Dhad made( )2Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak qu

17、ite good English.A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learnsBD B ( )4. The film_for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began ( )5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met ( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She

18、_to the school library. A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone ( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt heBCDB過去進行時的用法過去進行時的用法 概念概念 表示在過去的某一時間正在進行的動作或存在的狀態表示在過去的某一時間正在進行的動作或存在的狀態1 was cooking at five yesterday afternoon昨天下午五點鐘我正在做飯。My mot

19、her was doing some housework at this time last week上周的這個時候我媽媽在做家務。判斷依據 時間狀語at this time yesterday, at that time at this time yesterday, at that time last weeklast week，at nine yesterday eveningat nine yesterday evening，from seven to ten from seven to ten last nightlast night等，when或while引導時間狀語從句的主、從復

20、合句。My sisters were doing their homework from seven to ten from seven to ten last night.last night.昨晚七點到九點我的妹妹們在做她們的家庭作業。 My father was watching TV at nine yesterday eveningat nine yesterday evening 昨晚九點我父親在看電視。 1 was reading a newspaper when he came in when he came in 他進來時，我正在看報。 While I was walking

21、 homeWhile I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家時遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was while my mother was cooking. cooking. 媽媽做飯時爸爸在看報。注：1.含when或while 的主、從復合句中一般過去時與過去進行時連用，一般過去時往往表示某一個時間點，過去進行時表示一個時間段，該時間點包含在該段時間內。2. while 引導時間狀語從句的主、從復合句，兩個過去進行時并用，表示動作同時發生，常表示對比。 肯定式主

22、語主語+was/ were+v-ing +was/ were+v-ing +其它其它。過去進行時中與現在進 行時中的動詞的ing形式構成方式相同，單數主語用was+v-ing, 復數主語和you用were+v-ing。 He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到達時他正在睡覺。 We were washing our clothes at nine oclock last Sunday morning 我們上星期天的上午九點在洗衣服。否定式主語主語+ was+ waswere not +v- ing+were not +v- ing+其它其它。 He wasnt

23、practicing the violin at eight oclock yesterday evening 昨天晚上八點他不在練小提琴。 They were not planting trees at nine yesterday morning. 昨天早上九點他們不在植樹。特殊疑問式 特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+was+waswere+were+主語主語+v -ing +v -ing +其它其它?What was Peter doing at that time?那個時候彼特在于什么? Why were you talking to that mall all the time while 1

24、 was waiting here?我在這兒等時為什么你一直在與那個人講話?一般疑問式及回答 WasWasWere+Were+主語主語+v-ing +v-ing +其它其它?肯定回答：Yes，主語+waswere否定回答：No，主語+waswere not Was he playing football when you rang me? 你打電話給我時他正在踢足球嗎? No，he wasnt不是。Were they playing on the playground when you left? 你離開時，他們仍然在操場上玩嗎? Yes，they were是的。 Was it raining

25、 when you went out 0f the cinema? 你們走出電影院時正在下雨嗎?Yes。it was是的。反意疑問式主語主語+was+waswere (not)+v-ingwere (not)+v-ing形式，形式，waswaswere(not)+were(not)+作主語的代詞作主語的代詞？- - Y o u r b r o t h e r w a s s w i m m i n g a t t h i s t i m e yesterdaywasnt he?你弟弟昨天的這個時候正在游泳，對嗎?Yes，he was是的。一-You were not reading Engli

26、sh at six yesterday morning，were you?你們昨天早晨六點不在讀英語，對嗎? Yes，we were不，我們在讀。 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning2.They_ (play)football when I passed3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk4._they _ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?5. The students _

27、(1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching 。were havingwere playingwas taking Weretryingwere listening 反意疑問句語法歸納 反意疑問句是由兩部分組成的，前一部分是對事物的陳述（即陳述句），后一部分是簡短的提問（即簡短疑問句），中間用逗號隔開。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑問句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑問句。兩部分的人稱和時態要一致。其回答是用yes或no來表示。一、陳述句部分有陳述句部分有bebe動詞、助動詞、動詞、助動詞、情態動詞情態動詞，反

28、問句也用相，反問句也用相應的應的bebe動詞、助動詞、動詞、助動詞、情態動詞。情態動詞。例如1。 You areare from America, aren arent t you? 2.Your parents arent arent going to have a party .this Sunday, areare they? 3.The girls werewere singing when the teachercame in, weren werent t they? 4You cancan speak French, cancant t you?5。 Ann could swim

29、 when she was six, couldncouldnt t she?6。 Mr. Smith willwill visit our school next week, wonwont t he? 7You havehave been to Shanghai before, havenhavent t you? 8 Jack hasnt done his homework, has he? 二、陳述句部分謂語為行為動詞時，陳述句部分謂語為行為動詞時，反問句要根據動詞時反問句要根據動詞時態用相應的助動詞。態用相應的助動詞。一般現在時一般現在時用用do/ doesdo/ does 一般過去

30、時一般過去時用用diddid 1.You often watchwatch TV in the evening,dontdont you? 2.The students dontdont study hard, do do they? 3。Mary studiesstudies Chinese hard, doesntdoesnt she? 4.The boy doesntdoesnt often go to school by bike, doesdoes he? 5You watchedwatched TV last night, didndidntt you? 2. 6.Jims par

31、ents didntdidnt go to Hong Kong last month, diddid they? 三、祈使句用于反意疑問句中 這種類型較特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑問形式。句型句型1 1: Lets+動詞原形+其它，shall we?Lets go for a walk, shall weshall we? Good idea! 句 型句 型 2 2 : 其 它 形 式 的 祈 使 句 ， w i l l y o u ?Come into the classroom, will you will you? Please be careful, will you?Do

32、nt panic,will you?注意：注意：There beThere be句型句型 1。There isis an old picture on the wall, isnisnt t there? 2. There arentarent any children in the room, areare there? 3.There wasntwasnt a telephone call for me, was was there?4There werewere enough people to pick apples, werenwerent t there?5There will b

33、e a basketball match tomorrow, wont there? 值得注意的是有時英語的謂語動詞并不用否定式（ 即 沒 加 上 n o t ） ， 而 是 用 上 了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobodynever, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等詞，這時該陳述句也屬于否定句，因此，反意疑問句的后半部分應用肯定疑問式。 You have nevernever been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has fewfew friends here, d

34、oes he? There is littlelittle milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothingnothing, could he? 完成下列反意疑問句： 1 1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _?Mary listened to pop music,_ _?2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _?2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _?3.He has few friends at school,_ _?3.He has few frie

35、nds at school,_ _?4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _?5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _?6.They werent at the concert,_ _?6.They werent at the concert,_ _?7.Lets stop writing,_ _?7.Lets stop writing,_ _?8.Dont be late,_8.Dont be late,_ _?_ _?didnt

36、 didnt sheshehas hehas hedoes hedoes hedoesnt doesnt ititcan youcan youwere therewere thereshall weshall wewill youwill you動詞不定式動詞不定式動詞不定式是初中英語初中英語的語法重點之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構成形式為to+動詞原形，to為動詞不定式動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式動詞不定式具有兩大特點： 1.具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構成動詞不定式動詞不定式短

37、語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。一、一、動詞不定式動詞不定式作主語作主語( )1. Its hard for us _English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning( )2. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to簡析動詞不定式動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞i

38、t作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth. C CD D句式(1)中常用nicenice， kindkind， cleverclever， goodgood， rightright， wrongwrong， foolishfoolish， carelesscareless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語

39、的屬性或性質；句式(4)中常用hardhard， difficultdifficult， easyeasy， importantimportant等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質。二、二、動詞不定式動詞不定式作賓語作賓語( )1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys( )2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking(

40、 )3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 簡析在wantwant， likelike， agreeagree， hopehope， wishwish， learnlearn， beginbegin， startstart， decidedecide， hatehate， choosechoose， forgetforget， rememberremember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。C

41、 CA AD D三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語( )1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不

42、定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：askask， teachteach， expectexpect， telltell， allow allow 等。B BC C四、動詞不定式作狀語四、動詞不定式作狀語( )1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns簡析gogo， comecome， trytry，

43、do / try ones do / try ones bestbest等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語。A AC C( )3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear( )4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled( )5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets簡析be +be +形容詞形容詞+

44、to do sth+ to do sth結構中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。C CB BA A五、動詞不定式作定語五、動詞不定式作定語( )1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do( )3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with簡析不定式

45、作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系；如果不定式的修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構成的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。短語動詞相當于及物動詞。C CD DD D六、不帶六、不帶toto的動詞不定式的動詞不定式( )1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered( )2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel( )3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better_. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him upB BD DC C簡析1.在seesee， watchwatch， hearhear