1、P121. War and peace If they had known it would start a war She would not have written that letter If he had not been badly wounded If there had been enough UN peacekeepers We would have put flowers on the grave he could have escaped. they would not have invaded. they might have been able to stop the

2、 war. if we had been able to find it. if she had not been so angry about the war.P121.11. If Hilter_ (not invade) Poland in 1939, perhaps Britain _ (not declare) war.P121.2had not invadedwould not have declared2.She _ (marry)in 1945, if her fiancee _ (not die) in Normandy.would have marriedhad not d

3、ied3.If I _ (not see) that film, I _ (never know) how terrifying war can be.had not seenwould never have known4. The battle _ (finish) much sooner if our troops _ (have) better guns.would have finishedhad had5. If we _ (not sacrifice) so many lives, we _ (not have) our freedom today.had not sacrific

4、edwould have hadWhen the first shell(1) _ on the beach, it (2)_ (not explode). This (3) _(save) me. P121.3.landed didnt explodesaved If it (4)_(explode), I (5)_ (die) immediately. I (6)_ (lose) many of my friends that day.had exploded would have diedlost When we (7)_(leave) England to go to France i

5、n the boats, we(8) _ (be excited)leftwere excitedIf we (9)_ (know) what war (10) _(be) really like, we (11) _ (be frightened).had knownwaswould have been frightenedBut we (12) _(not have) time to find out.didnt haveP115. Cloning If I knew why she ran away, She would sleep better, If I saw his face a

6、gain, Would you tell me, If cloning were banned, Wouldnt it be terrifying if you met a monster? if you thought I was behaving badly? I would know it immediately. I would tell you. if she watched fewer horror films on TV. this research would end tomorrow.P115. 3.對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)：If +主語(yǔ)+had done主語(yǔ)+shouldwouldco

7、uldmight +have done如：If I had gone there, I would have been unhappy.對(duì)現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)：If +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（wasweredid), 主語(yǔ)+shouldwouldcouldmight +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（do）如：If I werehurt you, I would be unhappy.對(duì)將來(lái)的假設(shè)：If +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（wasweredid), 或If +主語(yǔ)+shouldwere to + do,主語(yǔ)+shouldwouldcouldmight +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（do）1. Im not the head of the

8、 laboratory. If I _(be), I _(not allow) this research.were/waswould not allow2. He needed a lot of sleep when he was ill. If he _ (not get), he _ (feel) very tired.hadnt gotwould have felt3. She feels very lonely in that school. If she _(make) more friends, she _ (not be) so lonely.madewould not be4

9、. He wanted to get married,but how _(can) he marry if he never _(meet) any women?couldmet5. Everyone is frightened of the monster. If he _ (not be) so ugly, they _ (not be) so frightened.werewould not beP116. 4.benot be able tobuy not havelike make pay work Ive always been a poor man. If I(1) _ rich

10、, I (2)_ to visit other countries.werewould likeI (3)_ my daughter a house and (4)_ for her education. would buypay But even if I _ as hard as possible, I _ enough money for these dreams.workedwould not haveOn the other hand, if I _ lots of money, I would be so worried about losing it that I _ sleep

11、 at night.madewould not be able toP109 Music一般過(guò)去時(shí) did/was/were現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去過(guò)去 發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果和結(jié)果。結(jié)構(gòu)：。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has done常與一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：如：常與一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：如：already; yet; by this time; just; ever; never; now; before; lately 等。等

12、。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅僅說(shuō)明一般過(guò)去時(shí)僅僅說(shuō)明動(dòng)作在過(guò)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。結(jié)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。結(jié)構(gòu)：構(gòu)：did/was/were常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, ago, last , in 1999, etc.3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或一直到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)或一直到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間一再重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。作。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。 結(jié)構(gòu)為：結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has been doing常用狀語(yǔ)：常用狀語(yǔ)：all this time, all night, these days,

13、for, since etc. She has been playing the harp My father has been listening to the radio for hours, He said he had only been watching MTV for a short time, and My friend John has been trying They started recording at 6 a.m. He only started to learn the pipa when he arrived in China,a. promised he wou

14、ld do his homework soon. b. but he has been practising every day and hes really good.c. since she was about 10 years old.d. and they have been working ever since.e. hoping to hear some news.f. to get into the team for two years.She _ jazz in New York since 2003. A. has been studying B. studeidsince

15、20032. My grandmother _ dancing all her life: whenever I hear 1940s dance music I think of her.all her life has been liking . liked3. Jane _ in Shanghai since 2001, but she still cant speak Chinese.Alived B. has been livingsince 20014. People _ music for thousands of years.have been playingA. played

16、for thousands of years5. The top string broke on my lute and I _ to repair it since this morning.tried A.have been tryingsince this morning How long (1) _ (play) the piano.I (2)_ (start) when I was four years old. How longhave been playingwhen I was four years oldstartedSo I _ (play) for 12 years no

17、w.for 12 years nowhave been playingWhen I was small, my mother(4) _ (buy) me a special piano, it (5)_ (be) only a meter tall.When I was smallboughtwasFor the last two years I (6)_ (save) my money to buy a really good piano;For the last two yearshave been savingI (7)_ (not spend) any money on CDs or

18、clothes or sports.nothavent spentBut one day, when Im famous, I will have a bit more money to spend: I (8)_ (wait) such a long time for that moment.But one day, when Im famous, I will have a bit more money to spend:have been waitingP103. Interpersonal Relationship _ Friendship V-ing 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作是作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示

19、的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)動(dòng)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的一部分作的一部分，與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或狀，與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)態(tài)同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的，或是，或是先于先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，它的，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致的主語(yǔ)一致。V-ing 作狀語(yǔ)常表示作狀語(yǔ)常表示時(shí)時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨、讓步、間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨、讓步、結(jié)果結(jié)果，多用逗號(hào)跟句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。，多用逗號(hào)跟句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。 Feeling tired, I went to bed early.I was feeling tired, I went to bed early.Having worked hard

20、 all day, I went to bed early.I worked hard all day, I went to bed early. Walking along the street, I met Mary. (=While I was walking along the street, ) Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (=Because I was tired, ) Not knowing her address, we couldnt ge

21、t in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址，我們無(wú)法和她聯(lián)系。由于不知道她的地址，我們無(wú)法和她聯(lián)系。聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)， 他們都高興地跳了起來(lái)。他們都高興地跳了起來(lái)。 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (=If you turn the left, ) If you work hard, youll succeed. =Working hard, youll succeed. 1. Working hard as he did, he was still unable to support the who

22、le family.2. Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. =Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me. 1. I stood there, waiting for her. (=, and waited for her.) 2. Following Mike, they started to climb. 3. The children laughed and talked merrily, and they ran out of the room. The ch

23、ildren ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.那些孩子們跑出房間，愉快地笑著、說(shuō)著。那些孩子們跑出房間，愉快地笑著、說(shuō)著。 如果V-ing 表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)之前表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)之前，則要用V-ing 的完成式的完成式，即是： Having +P.P(過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞), 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)1. After she had finished her work, she went home.2. As we have invited him here to speak, wed better go to his l

24、ecture. Having finish her work, she went home.Having invited him here to speak, wed better go to his lecture.1. We had a cup of coffee together. Then we went home.Having had,2. After Id spoken to Joe, I understood the situation much better.Having 3. Nick moved to London. He lost touch with all his o

25、ld friends in New York.Having,Nick4. Lily had not learnt Chinese. So she could not talk to her grandparents in Guangzhou.Not having,Lily5. I didnt have a bicycle. So I couldnt go and see Mary when she was ill.Not having,6. After he had visited Jane in hospital, he knew that she would get better.Havi

26、ng P103. 3.A. Something that happened in the past.B. Something important that should be done.C. Something you feel sorry for.1. She forgot to send me a birthday card. _A2. I regret to say that she is not invited to the reception. _c3. Please remember to give her my new address. _B4. Unfortunately th

27、eres been a terrible accident. _c5. You forgot to lock the door last night. _A6. I hope he remembers to give her the present. _BP103. 4動(dòng)詞后加V-ing，或動(dòng)詞不定式（to do)作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞：forget doing忘記做過(guò)/forget to do忘記去做regret doing遺憾懊悔做過(guò)regret to do遺憾懊悔去做 remember doing記得做過(guò)remember to do去做stop doing停止做某事/stop to do

28、停下來(lái)去做另一件事 try doing嘗試做/ try to do努力去做 mean doing意味著/mean to do故意去做dont forget _ when you are away.to email B. emailingwhen you are away2. Please stop _ like that about Sally, shes my best friend.A to talk B. talking3. My father always regrets _ in touch with his old friends from university.not to ke

29、ep A.B. not keeping4. The manager regrets _ you that this cinema is now closed for six rming A.B. to inform5. I cant stop _ of my daughter at my party. to thinkA. thinking become變成，變得 do做/助動(dòng)詞 help幫助，救命 see看見(jiàn)，明白 work工作，起作用I was five years old when I met Matt.wasmetThe other children had st

30、opped (1) _ and gone out to play.workingI remember(2) _ a boy sitting alone in the classroom.seeingHe had some new trainers, but he didnt know how to put them on.I helped him (3) _ it and we went on _ friends.(to) doto becomeYesterday, I remembered _ him all those years ago:helpingI went to watch hi

31、m run in the London marathon.This time he didnt need me _ him put on his new trainers.to helpP97. Fantasy literature. 如果V-ing 表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步或伴隨表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步或伴隨，則要用V-ing 的一般式的一般式，即是： V-ing, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)Feeling tired, I went to bed early.I was feeling tired. I went to bed early.She felt very tired. She went

32、 to bed early.Feeling,He turned away from me. He looked out of the window.Turning,I watched the bear. I walked slowly towards it.Watching ,The knife lay on the road. It shone in the bright moonlight.Lying ,the knifeI keep her photo on my desk. It means I dont forget her.Keeping,2. Match the sentence

33、s with the explanations. Two things happening at the same time.A.One thing happening immediately after another.Telling me to stay there and wait, she leapt over the wall. _Hearing his maters voice, the dog barked loudly. _Megan ran into the old cottage, shouting Gareths name. _Talking to him, I coul

34、d tell he was very frightened. _The truck moved away slowly, loud noises coming from its engine. _3. Complete the sentences with the _ing form of the verbs in the box.Bring帶來(lái) laugh大笑 live生活，居住 look看，看起來(lái) make制造，使得 wake醒來(lái)，喚醒It is always very quiet (1) _ in the middle of the countryside.livingIt is alw

35、ays very quiet (1) _ in the middle of the countryside. livingBut yesterday was even quieter than usual.(2)_ early in the morning, as usual, I noticed something strange.WakingThe birds had all stopped.(3)_ out of the window, I saw the sky growing darker.Looking The door opened, (4) _ me jump: it was

36、my mother, (5)_ me a cup of tea.makingbringingShe saw I was frightened. (6)_, she told me that the moon would hide the sun for 10 minutes.LaughingThen everything would go back to normal. Although the books are written for children, My flat in Beijing is very small When I went climbing in the mountai

37、ns, The witch put a spell on the prince He was afraid of the spirits in the woods, The king was hurt when he went hunting I needed a guide. and fell from his horse. but I told him they dont exist. but its very comfortable. many alduts enjoy reading them. and turned him into a frog.P91. Small talk di

38、dnt need to do 沒(méi)必要，實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有做某事。neednt have done雖然沒(méi)必要，但已經(jīng)做了某事。 You didnt need to buy these chocolates. We neednt have left at 7 oclock. I neednt have taken two cameras to London. She didnt need to speak Chinese to them. You neednt have bought the expensive paint. They neednt have taken a taxi from the airport. I only used one of them. The cheaper one is just as good. Yes, I know, but its for her birthday. I know, we arrived much too early. My uncle could have met them. They can both speak English.arrive到達(dá) worry擔(dān)心 give給 pay支付 take拿走 stay留下，保持1. Mary gave me a ne