1、人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)-英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)上冊(cè) 英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)（一）一般將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法： 1. 表示預(yù)見 Do you think it will rain You w

2、ill feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意圖 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow 基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成： （1）will+主語+do Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday （2）there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Will there + be Will there be fewer trees Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定句構(gòu)成：wil

3、l + not （wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑問句構(gòu)成： 特殊疑問詞will主語What will Sarah do next Sunday 練一練根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句 例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow） Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later） _

4、3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomor

5、row. （二）should的用法： should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。 學(xué)習(xí)

6、向別人提建議的幾種句式： （1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you （5）What about doing sth. （6）Youd better do sth. 練一練 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is litt

7、le milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案：1. should2. shouldnt3. should4. should5. should（三）過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 1. 構(gòu)成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watchi

8、ng TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是時(shí)間點(diǎn) They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是時(shí)間段 2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。 At that time she was writing a book. 那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時(shí)間里一

9、直在做那件事情。）練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）

10、me yesterday. 答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking5. was having; called（四）間接引語形成步驟： （1）不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào) （2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的） （3）要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化 （4）要考慮時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和語示代詞的變化。 1. 直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 2. 直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語 1

11、. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may間接引語1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（rea

12、d）a book then. 答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom） 2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy） 3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike） 4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語將來時(shí)含義：如果，將要例如：If you ask him, he will hel

13、p you. 如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。 If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。 練一練 根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過得很開心。 If you _ the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會(huì)喜歡英語的。 If you often _, you _. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorr

14、ow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 二. 完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點(diǎn) 完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測(cè)試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，

15、所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。 1. 完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識(shí)，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語境

16、，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。 2. 選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A） Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短語）“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is il

17、l. May I have a day off, 3 ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答復(fù)）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. “May I have a day off 5 ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didnt you 6 it just now ”“Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. ”The teacher un

18、derstood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off ”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 ushave a day off! ”（ ）1. A. butB. andC. orD. for（ ）2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought（

19、 ）3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD. Mr（ ）4. A. strikeB. bestC. hitD. knock（ ）5. A. alsoB. againC. tooD. once（ ）6. A. speakB. tellC. sayD. do（ ）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday（ ）8. A. laughB. to laughC. laughedD. laughing（ ）9. A. withB. onC. inD. by（ ）10.

20、A. teachB. taughtC. are teachingD. were teaching（B） 請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what A generation gap （代溝）has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some

21、children have killed _（2）after quarrels （爭吵）with parents. I think this is _（3）they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _（4）time in the office. _（5）they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（話題）to talk a

22、bout. I want to _（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _（8）your parents. They are the people who _（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _（10）of each other. 完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是： 1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。 2. 結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，