1、三、簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）基本句型 一： （主謂）這類句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，都不帶賓語，但可以帶狀語，常見的不及物動(dòng)詞有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep

2、, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. ( )We've worked for 5 hours. ( )The meeting lasted half an hour. ( )Time flies. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種1) Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2

3、) Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3) He is smiling all over his face. ( )4) I did well in English. ( )5) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )基本句型 二： （主系表）系動(dòng)詞主要是be. 但還有一些動(dòng)詞在有些時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞，有人稱之為半系動(dòng)詞。常見的半系動(dòng)詞有：（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的

4、 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語He is a student. ( )Your idea sounds great. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種, 并寫出該句的系動(dòng)詞。1) His advice proved right. ( )2) The shop stays open till 8 oclock. ( )3) The machine went wro

5、ng. ( )4) All these efforts seem in vain. ( )5) These words sound reasonable. ( )6) The room soon became crowded. ( )7) The days are getting longer and longer. ( )8) He fell ill yesterday. ( )9) Trees turn green in spring. ( )10) What you said sounds great. ( )基本句型 三： （主謂賓）此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語+及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）+賓語”構(gòu)成。賓語

6、可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或詞組、the +形容詞、分詞以及從句等。如，She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種1. My brother hasn't done his homework. ( )2. People all over the world speak English. ( )3. Jim cannot dress himself. ( )4. All of us believe that Jack is

7、 an honest boy. ( )5. He did not know what to say. ( )基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：He give me a cup of tea. ( )強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接

8、賓語。如：Bring it to me, please. (不能說 Bring me it, please。)常跟雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, do(帶來）, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等（需借助for 的）bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leav

9、e, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book= She bought a book for me.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1. She ordered herself a new dress. ( )2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

10、( )3. He brought you a dictionary. ( )4. He denies her nothing. ( )5. I showed him my pictures. ( )6. I gave my car a wash. ( )7. I told him that the bus was late. ( )8. He showed me how to run the machine. ( )基本句型 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之

11、后對(duì)賓語做出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。The war made him a soldier.（ 他成為一個(gè)士兵，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）New methods make the job easy. （ ）I often find him at work. （ ）The teacher asked the students to close the windows. （ ） I saw a cat running across the road.分析下列句子劃分成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種, 并指出是什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語1. The

12、y appointed him manager. （ ）2. They painted the door green. （ ）3. He pushed the door open. （ ）4. They found the house deserted. （ ）5. What makes him think so? （ ）6. We saw him out. （ ）7. He asked me to come back soon. （ ）8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）9. We all think it a pity that she didnt c

13、ome here. （ ）10. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）11. We elected him monitor. （ ）12. Dont keep the lights burning. （ ）6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際意義。考點(diǎn)1. Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，現(xiàn)在有   there is / are     過

14、去有   there was / were將來有   there will be/ there is / are going to be.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有   there has / have been可能有  there might be.   肯定有  there must be / there must have been.過去一直有  there used to be   似乎有  there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有

15、0; there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有時(shí)可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for "help". There must have been a village here.There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the

16、 hill.考點(diǎn)2. There be 與have 的區(qū)別There be 某地有某物，某時(shí)有某事have 表示某人擁有某物。且記：沒有 there has a book on the desk. There has a meeting this evening.這樣的表達(dá)方法練習(xí)：翻譯下來句子1. 我有許多好朋友。2. 今天晚上將有一場(chǎng)電影。3. 公園內(nèi)有許多人。4. 樹上有許多小鳥。5. 一條狗有四條腿和一個(gè)尾巴。1) Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV)2) Gradually a smile appeared on her face. .(SV)3) He is

17、 smiling all over his face. .(SV)4) I did well in English. .(SV)5) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. .(SV)1) His advice proved right. （SVP, proved）2) The shop stays open till 8 oclock. （SVP, stays）3) The machine went wrong. （SVP, went）4) All these efforts seem in vain （SVP, seem ）5) These

18、 words sound reasonable. （SVP, sound）6) The room soon became crowded. （SVP, became）7) The days are getting longer and longer. （SVP, getting）8) He fell ill yesterday. （SVP, fell）9) Trees turn green in spring. （SVP, turn）10) What you said sounds great. （SVP, sound）1. My brother hasn't done his hom

19、ework. (SVO)2. People all over the world speak English. (SVO)3. Jim cannot dress himself. (SVO)4. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. (SVO)5. He did not know what to say. (SVO)1. She ordered herself a new dress. (SVoO)2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (SVoO)3. He brought you a dictionary. (SVoO)4. He denies her nothing. (SVoO)5. I showed him my pictures. (SVoO)6. I gave my car a wash. (SVoO)7. I told him that the bus was late. (SVoO)8. He showed me how to run the machine. (SVoO)1. They appointed him manager. （SVOC, 名詞）2.