1、Unit Eight Crisis Management What is crisis management?What are the keys to effective quality crisismanagement?Case study: TylenolUnit eight Para. Main TopicsPara. 1-7the mismanagement of Toyotas quality crisis shaped by Japanese corporate culturePara. 8-12the social, economic and political status o

2、f Japan related to Toyotas quality crisisPara. 13-19 suggestions about how Toyota should cope with quality crisis Unit eight 1. In Japan, there is a proverb, “If it stinks, put a lid on it.” (Line 1, Para. 1) If a situation or a problem arises, seek to cover up or fudge the facts. Unit eight Crisis

3、management does not get any more woeful than this and the cost of this bungling so far is only a down payment on the final tally. (Line 2, Para. 2) is only an initial portion of the total amount in the end.Unit eight loom (Para. 2) v. hang over, as of something threatening, dark, or menacing synonym

4、s: emerge, appear example: National self-confidence has been flagging under the threat of looming recession. Unit eight companies have shortchanged their customers by shirking responsibility until the accumulated evidence forces belated disclosure and recognition of culpability. Paraphrase companies

5、 have treated their customers unfairly by avoiding responsibility until an increasing amount of evidence obliges them to make a delayed move of revealing the truth and confessing their fault.Unit eight the costs of such negligence are low in Japan where compensation for product liability claims is m

6、ostly derisory or non-existent. Translation 在日本，產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的賠償數(shù)額低的可憐或根本沒有賠償，因此，為這種疏忽付出的代價(jià)是很低的。Unit eight Why is the case of blood contamination of pharmaceutical companies said to be “one glowing exception to this parsimonious record”? In most cases of quality crises, Japanese companies habitually think li

7、ghtly of their customers by shirking their responsibilities and the costs of such belittlement and negligence are low. But drug company executives paid dearly for selling tainted blood: a rather generous settlement of compensation and an abject apology. Unit eight What cultural inclinations can Japa

8、ns negligence of crisis management be ascribed to? (para.6-7) First, owning up to product defects poses threats to corporate face, especially for such a high-status company as Toyota in a nation obsessed with craftsmanship and quality. Secondly, due to a corporate culture that values team-work, empl

9、oyees loyalty for firms and concern for corporate image override their compassion for consumer interest. Thirdly, the hierarchical corporate structure and a corporate culture of deference prevent the two-way communication between superiors and subordinates.Unit eight penchant (Para. 6) n. a strong l

10、iking（強(qiáng)烈的）傾向，愛好 synonym: aptitude example: It is noticed that Chinese customers have a penchant for products projecting national pride in traditional Chinese culture. Unit eight raise the bar on disclosure and assuming responsibility.( Para. 6) Paraphrase raises peoples standards for under what circ

11、umstances the truth must be revealed and responsibility must be claimed.Unit eight And a high-status company like Toyota has much to lose since its corporate face is at stake. (Line 4, Para. 6) Its corporate prestige is at risk for Toyota enjoying a good market standing. Unit eight deference (Para.

12、7) He is deferential to his superiors. 他對(duì)他的長(zhǎng)官、上司畢恭畢敬Unit eight the focus on consensus and group is an asset in building teamwork, but also can make it hard to challenge what has been decided or designed. (Para. 7) Translation 對(duì)一致意見和團(tuán)隊(duì)的重視是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但這也會(huì)使公司難以質(zhì)疑和挑戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)做出的決定和設(shè)計(jì)。Unit eight Q1. Whats the main

13、 idea of Part II (Para. 8-12)? The social, economic and political status of Japan, closely related to Toyota, are impacting Toyotas reform on quality crisis management.Unit eight Outside director / non-executive director /inside director Any member of a companys board of directors who is not an empl

14、oyee or stakeholder in the company. Outside directors are paid an annual retainer fee in the form of cash, benefits and/or stock options. Corporate governance standards require public companies to have a certain number or percentage of outside directors on their boards as they are more likely to pro

15、vide unbiased opinions. Unit eight Outside director / non-executive director /inside director Outside directors are advantageous to the company because they have very little conflict of interest and may see the big picture differently than insiders. The downside is that since they are less involved

16、with the companies they represent, they may have less information upon which to base their decisions and reduced incentives to perform. Unit eight above-and-beyond (Para.8) adj. exceeding what is required or expected example: The soldiers demonstrate above-and-beyond courage in defense of their coun

17、trymen.Unit eight shedding the constraints of a fusty corporate culture and wowing customers with a recall and above and beyond after sales service and care (Para. 8) Paraphrase removing the restrictions of outdated corporate culture and pleasing customers with a recall and superb after-sales servic

18、e and care.Unit eight Yet early signs are that Toyota is no longer the nimble company that took the world by storm. (Line 9, Para. 8) Toyota is no longer a dynamic company which can sweep the world. Unit eight What are the troubles Toyota faced with, internally (para.9) and externally? Internally, T

19、oyota cannot either resolve the problem of overcapacity or shake off its overreliance on American market.Unit eight What are the troubles Toyota faced with, internally (para.9) and externally (para.11,12)? Externally, Liberal Democratic Party has gone out of power and the public is appealing to more

20、 transparency and accountability of government as well as corporations. Japan Airlines on the verge of bankrupcy and a soaring debt-to-GDP ratio threaten to undermine national confidence. collusive (Para. 10) adj. involving secret or illegal cooperation, especially between countries or organizations

21、共共謀的；勾結(jié)的；串通的謀的；勾結(jié)的；串通的 synonym: conniving example: A country should have laws penalizing collusive behavior in bidding or other forms of business practice, along with a commitment and capacity to enforce such laws. Unit eight The Japan inc. model but has run out of steam. (Para. 10) Translation 日本公司

22、的業(yè)務(wù)模式體現(xiàn)在企業(yè)和政府之間相互合作、共同謀劃的關(guān)系, 這種關(guān)系曾經(jīng)創(chuàng)造過(guò)日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)奇跡，但如今卻是大勢(shì)已去。Unit eight The powers that be “The powers that be” is a phrase used to refer to those individuals or groups who collectively hold authority over a particular domain.Unit eight Unit eight National confidence has been flagging for some time, but

23、amidst the prolonged malaise, people could still bask in the success of national champions such as Toyota. (Line 7, Para. 12) Paraphrase National confidence has been declining for some time, but amidst an enduring sense of unease, people are still deriving contentment from the success of national ch

24、ampion such as Toyota. Unit eight National confidence has been flagging for some time, but amidst the prolonged malaise, people could still bask in the success of national champions such as Toyota. (Line 7, Para. 12) 民族自信心低落已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間了，但是即使在長(zhǎng)期萎靡不振的狀態(tài)下，人們依然能夠沉浸在像豐田公司這樣的王牌企業(yè)獲得成功的喜悅中。Unit eight Whats the main idea of Part III (Para. 13-19)? With mutual interests of Toyota, reputation of made-in-Japan products and Am