1、 Unit11. survive vi.幸免；生還；幸存 vt. 經歷而幸存；比活的時間長survival n. 幸存 survivor n.生還者，幸存者用法點撥： survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因此后面不需要加in或from等介詞。The old couple _ _ _ （從戰爭中幸存下來).In the terrible accident, there were no _ （幸存者).2. in search of 尋找I looked everywhere in search of my lost pen. 我四處尋找我丟失的鋼筆。用法點撥：in search of短語中

2、，如果search前有物主代詞或者其他成分修飾時，我們經常用in ones search for的形式。in search of 與search for 后直接跟所尋找的對象或目標?！疽谆毂嫖觥縮earch/search for/search.for/in search ofsearch表示“搜索；搜尋；調查”。search sb.意為“搜某人身”；search sp.意為“在某地搜查”（意圖找到某東西）。search for意為“尋找”，指搜尋某個特定的目標，相當于look for。search.for意為“搜查某人或某地以尋找某物”。in search of介詞短語，意為“尋找”，后接尋找

3、的目標或對象。【即學即練】警察搜索那棟房屋，尋找被偷的寶石。 The police _ the house _ the stolen jewel. 他們在門口搜查了那個士兵。 They _ the guard at the gate.警察到處搜捕他。最終他被抓住了，現在警察正在對他進行搜身。 The police _ _ him everywhere. He was caught at last and now the police are _ him.顯然有人搜過他的房子那本書不見了。 His house had clearly been _ and the book was missing

4、.答案:searched; for searched searched for；searchingsearched單項填空They were walking around the town _ a place for the party. A. in search of B. search C. searching of D. searched for解析：選A。in search of為介詞短語，意為“尋找”，符合句意。B、D兩項動詞形式不對；無C項search of 此種搭配。3. Frederick William, the King of Prussia, could never ha

5、ve imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普魯士國王威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會有這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史。couldnt have done，意為“過去不可能做了某事”，表示對過去已發生的事情較有把握的否定推測。【聯想拓展】could have done 本可以做某事卻未做；本來可能發生某事卻未發生。must have done表示對過去發生事情的肯定推測，意為一定做過某事，只用于肯定句中。I didnt hear he phone.

6、I must have been asleep. 我沒聽見電話，我一定是睡著了。may/might have done表示對過去發生的情況的推測，意為“也許”，一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句中。might則表示語氣更加不肯定。What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done better. 多可惜！鑒于他的能力和經驗，他可能會做得更好。should/ought to have done 本該做某事而實際上沒做You should have told me yesterday that you

7、had changed your mind. 你昨天應該告訴我你改變主意了。shouldnt have done 本不該做某事而實際上卻做了He was very sad now. I shouldnt have scolded him.need have done 本來有必要做某事，但事實上沒有做He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本來需要快點去車站，那樣的話，他就不會誤了火車。 neednt have done 本來不需要做某事實際上卻做了I neednt

8、 have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個人。 would have done 本來會(表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣中) I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本來會告訴你這個小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。 【即學即練】His brother met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ have attended your lect

9、ure. A. couldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt解析：選A。由“His brother met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon”可推知,當時他不在課堂上,不可能聽了你的課。couldnt have done意為“不可能做了某事”,符合句意。Your mother was really anxious about you. I know. I _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have

10、 left D. neednt leave解析：選B。由“Your mother was really anxious about you”和“I know”可知，“我”是在為自己未打招呼就離家而自責。shouldnt have done意為“某種行為不該發生卻發生了”，符合句意。such an amazing history=so amazing a history這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史such 和 so 的用法1）such修飾名詞。 即：sucha/anadj.n., such+ adj.+復數名詞， such+ adj. +不可數名詞2）so后面只能跟形容詞或副詞。 即：和soadj.或

11、adv.， so+形容詞+a或an+單數可數名詞。如：The tiger is so big. And the cat is so small.She is so lovely a girl.3）它們后面還可以與that從句連用。即：suchthat和sothat意思是“如此以致”。如：She is such a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam.His brother is so young that he cant go to school.注：當名詞前的形容詞為表示數目的詞時，such必須換成so。如：The

12、re are so many people that we cant go past.I ate so much food that I didnt want to go any farther. 注意這一句話：He is such a little boy that he cant read or write.(這一句話中的a little不是“一點”的意思，而是“一個小的”的意思，所以，前面仍然用such，而不用so。4.This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber

13、 were used to make it. 這件禮物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有這個名字，是因為造這間房子用了好幾噸的琥珀。 be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 Wood is used to make into desks. be/get used to (doing)sth. 習慣做某事 He is used to getting up early. use to do sth. 過去常常做某事 I used to have a walk after supper, but now Im used to playing basketball.5. The design of t

14、he room was in the fancy style popular in those days.琥珀屋采取了當時流行的奇特的建筑式樣。 design n. 設計；圖案；構思 vt. 設計；計劃；構思I like the design of that rug. 我喜歡那塊地毯的圖案。A new highway between the two cities is being designed. 這兩個城市之間的一條新高速公路正在設計中。常用結構：by design=on purpose 有意地，故意地 be designed to do. 目的是做；被打算做be designed for

15、. 為而打算設計【即學即練】你覺得他是偶爾如此，還是故意的？ Do you think he did it accidentally or _ _ ？實驗的目的是測試新藥。 The experiment _ _ _ test the new drug. 這些房子是專門為老年人而設計的。 The houses are specially _ _ the old people. 答案:by design/on purpose is designed to designed forI like the television program_ educate not merely entertain.

16、 A. designed toB. designed for C. is designed toD. is designed for解析：選A。be designed to do為固定搭配，表示“目的是”。designed to.在句中為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞program。B、D兩項中的for為介詞,后面需接v.-ing形式或名詞,故排除。fancy adj. 奇特的; 精致的; v. 想; 以為; 想像1). Thats a very fancy pair of shoes! 那是一雙非常別致的鞋!2). I fancy (that) its going to rain toda

17、y. 我看今天要下雨重點用法fancy that以為是fancy (sbs) doing想像（某人）做某事fancy oneself自負；自命不凡fancy sb. to be / as 想象/認為某人會成為 I cant fancy his doing such a thing. 我想不到他會做這種事。 He fancies himself as a good writer. 他認為自己是好作家。6.It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about

18、 ten years to make. 用金銀珠寶裝飾起來的珍品，一批國家最優秀的藝術家用了大約十年的時間才把它完成。decorate vt. 裝飾，裝修；授予榮譽標志（勛章）with 以.裝飾 常用搭配decorate sth. with sth. 用某物裝飾某物She decorated her room with flowers. 她用鮮花裝飾了她的房間。The hero was decorated for bravery. 這位英雄因勇敢而授勛。7. However, the next King of Prussia，Frederick William，to whom the ambe

19、r room belonged, decided not to keep it.然而，下一位普魯士國王，腓特烈威廉一世，這個琥珀屋的主人卻決定不要它了。belong to 屬于 Who does this watch belong to?這塊表是誰的？用法點撥:belong to不用于進行時態和被動語態中?！炯磳W即練】As is known to us all, China is a developing country _ the third world. A. belonging B. belonged C. belonging to D. belonged to 解析：選C。belong

20、 to 此處作定語，無被動語態和進行時態，必須和to連用構成及物動詞 短語。【聯想拓展】belong vi.屬于;應在(某處);適應 belongings n.財產,所有物;動產She lost all her belongings in the earthquake. 她在地震中失去了所有的財產。I dont really feel I belong here. 我感覺我并不適合在這個地方。8. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.作為回報，沙皇送給他一隊自己最好的士兵。in return 作為報答；回報An o

21、ld man gave us some food and water but asked for nothing in return on the island.在那個島上一位老人給了我們一些食物和水，但沒有要求任何回報。in return for作為對的回報in turn 依次；逐個地；轉而；反過來I invited him to dinner in return for his kindness. 為了報答他的好心，我宴請了他。He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his oth

22、er subjects.他在數學上花的時間太多，這同時影響他的其他學科的進步。The students answered the teachers questions in turn. 學生們依次回答老師的問題。9. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.10. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, i

23、t is now missing. 可悲的是，盡管琥珀屋被認為是世界上的一大奇跡，可是現在它卻消失了。1）consider 考慮；認為，把?？醋鱅 am considering going abroad. 我正在考慮出國。I consider it a great honor.我認為這是極大的榮幸。We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我們認為這不是司機的過錯。We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我們認為這是真實的。We consider him(to be

24、) our friend. 我們把他當我們的好朋友。 2）wonder n.C 奇跡；奇觀；U驚奇；驚訝 v. 想知道；對感到驚奇The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.長城是世界七大奇跡之一。She always wondered how she could operate the new machine.她想知道她怎么才能操作這臺新機器。用法點撥： wonder作“奇跡；奇觀”講時為可數名詞，作“驚奇,驚嘆”講時為不可數名詞。常用結構：It be a wonder (that). 奇怪的是（It be）no/littl

25、e/small wonder (that.) 難怪；并不奇怪【即學即練】你吃的那么多，難怪你睡不著。 _ _ _ you cant sleep when you eat so much. 我很想知道他是誰，來自哪里，為什么來。 I _ who he was, where he were from and why he came. 答案:Its no wonder wonderHe is always the first to come and the last to leave. _is no wonder he always takes the first place in class. A

26、. It B. There C. That D. This 解析：選A。It is no wonder （that.）意為“難怪”符合語境。11. This was a time when the two countries were at war. at war 處于交戰狀態 介詞at可表示狀態或動作 at the meeting 在會上 at peace 處于和平狀態 at breakfast 在吃早飯 at table 在吃飯 at work 在上班 at school 在上學 12. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a

27、 train for Knigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫無疑問這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡，當時德國在波羅的海邊的一個城市。doubt n. 懷疑;疑惑 vt.懷疑;不信I dont doubt that he is honest. 我不懷疑他是誠實的。 We doubt if he is honest. 我們懷疑他是否誠實。 用法點撥： doubt作為名詞，如果表達“困 惑”的事情，用作可數名詞；如果表達“在某事上的困惑，”一般用作不可數名詞。作為動詞，在否定句和疑問句中，后接that引

28、導的從句；在肯定句中，后接whether/if引導的從句。I never doubt that he will come. 我從未懷疑他會來。I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better. 我不敢肯定這個新的是否會好一些。常用結構：in doubt 懷疑；拿不定主意no/without/beyond doubt 無疑地；必定；當然there is no doubt that. 毫無疑問（that從句為同位語從句，表示no doubt的實際內容，同位語從句亦可由whether引導）【即學即練】他肯定不是有意要傷害你的。 _ _he didnt

29、 mean to hurt you. 當你對這個問題沒有把握時，請教一下老師。 When_ _ about the question, youd better ask the teacher. 答案:No doubt in doubtThere is no doubt _ he will be asked to speak again next year. A. that B. whether C. what D. how13After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.從那以后，琥珀屋的去處便成了一個謎。 rema

30、in a mystery為系表結構，在該結構中，remain為系動詞，意為“(繼續)保持，仍然處于(某種狀態)”，后接名詞、形容詞、分詞、介詞短語等做表語。Where he has gone remains a mystery.他去哪里了仍然是個謎。Shops remain open till late in the evening.商店營業到晚上很晚。Much work remains undone. 還有大量的工作未做。They remained listening. 他們一直在聽。The patient remained in danger. 病人仍處在危險中。That remains

31、to be seen. 那還有待觀察。仿寫：對大部分老人來說，退休后保持活力是可能的。It is possible for most senior citizens _ after they retire.答案：to remain active拓展：(1)remain還可用做不及物動詞，意為“剩下，還有；(繼續)待在某處，繼續存在，留下”。Little of the original architecture remains.原來的建筑現在留存的已經很少了。Ill remain to see the end of the game.我將留下看比賽的結果。 辨析 remain/stay/keep

32、remain繼續保持或處于原來的狀態。stay繼續保持或處于原來的狀態，與 remain同義，但后面不接 to do或 to be done，多接形容詞等構成系表結構。keep需要設法才能保持或處于某種狀態。 Please remain _； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating Bseated Cto seat Dto be seated解析：考查 remain后接分詞做表語，seat vt.“使就坐”，用過去分詞 seated做表語。答案：B14. In groups discuss: Is it worth reb

33、uilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuan Ming Yuan in Beijing?分組討論：重建遺失的文化遺產，如琥珀屋和北京的圓明園是值得的嗎？worth adj.值得的; 相當于的價值 n.價值; 作用【聯想拓展】be worth+n. 當名詞為金錢時，表示“值錢”The exhibition is worth a visit.This necklace is worth $1,000. 這條項鏈值1000美元。be worth doing 某事值得被做Mount Tai is well worth visit

34、ing. 泰山很值得參觀。be worthy of+n. 當名詞為抽象名詞時,表示 “值得”be worthy to be/of being done 某事值得被做This movie is well worth seeing,but it is not worthy of being seen/to be seen twice. 這部電影值得看但是不值得看兩遍。It be worthwhile doing sth. 值得做某事It be worthwhile for sb. to do sth. 值得某人去做某事It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.

35、這本詞典值得買。It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 這個計劃值得再討論一次?！炯磳W即練】這本書值得讀。The book is worth reading.=The book is _ _ _ read.=It is _ _ the book.答案:worthy to be; worthwhile reading【即學即練】單項填空This book is worthy of _ twice. A. readingB. read C. having read D. being read解析：選D。 be worthy 后可以用to be don

36、e或of being done結構，而worth后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動概念。He is well skilled _ playing the piano, so his music is worth _. A. with; listeningB. with; listening to C. in; listening D. in; listening to 解析：選D。be skilled in/at跟名詞或動名詞,意為“在方面有能力的”。worth意為“值得”,后跟動名詞的主動形式表被動概念。在句中,music作listen to的邏輯賓語,而listen為不及物動詞,to不可省略。1

37、5.take apart拆卸，拆開 look into 調查 apart from Apart from a few words, he knows nothing about Chinese.除了幾個單詞外，他對漢語一無所知。本句中的apart from可以換成except。Apart from Jim, Lucy and Lily also attended the meeting.除了吉姆，虂茜和莉莉也參加了會議。此句中的apart from可以由besides替換。This article is well written apart from a few spelling mistak

38、es.這篇文章寫得很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。這一句中的apart from可以替換成except for。16.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人可以相信哪些證人不能相信。 該句為“疑問詞不定式”結構，在句中作賓語。whether, what, which, whom, who, where, when, how等加不定式構成的結構在句中起名詞作用，可以作主語、表語和賓語。When and where to go on an

39、outing hasnt been decided yet.何時何地去郊游還沒有決定。No one could tell me where to get the interesting book.沒有人能告訴我哪兒能買到這本有趣的書。To be honest, Im at a loss what to do next.誠實地說，下一步做什么我不知所措。17. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. 他/

40、她關心的只是目擊者是否提供了真實的信息，這些信息必須是事實而不是個人觀點或看法。 rather than意為“而不是”，連接兩個并列成分，這兩個并列成分的形式應該一致。rather than連接兩個主語時，其后面謂語動詞的單復數形式應遵循就遠原則。類似用法的詞匯、短語還有：as well as，together with，except，but，with，besides，including等。 I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame. 我認為該受責備的是湯姆，而不是你。 Professor Smith, together with his assist

41、ants, is doing the research day and night. 史密斯教授和他的助手們正在夜以繼日地進行研究?！韭撓胪卣埂縪r rather更確切地說 This new product, or rather, this new style of shirt, is not very attractive.這項新產品，確切地說是這種新款式的襯衫，并不是非常吸引人的。other than除了之外She has no close friends other than him.她除了他以外沒有好朋友。would rather do.than do = prefer to do.r

42、ather than do.寧愿而不愿；寧愿；更喜歡 He would rather go walking than watch TV at home.他寧愿出去散步也不愿待在家里看電視?！炯磳W即練】選詞填空（rather than/other than/or rather）I met him very late on Friday night, _, early on Saturday morning. Does anybody _ yourself know this?I decided to send an e-mail _ telephone. 答案:or rather other t

43、han rather than 18.I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. think highly of = have a good opinion of看重；高度評價They think highly of your work abilities. 他們對你的工作能力評價很高。短語歸納What do you think of sb./ sth.?你認為某人/物怎么樣？think much/well of對評價良好 think nothing of對無所謂；不把當回事think badly/poorly o

44、f對評價不高 think of sb./ sth. as把某人/物當作19.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也認為他們不應該把它交給任何政府。 該句中由于否定詞nor位于句首，所以使用了部分倒裝語序。英語中含有否定意義的副詞及短語放在句首時，句中需用部分倒裝語序。這類副詞及短語有：never，seldom，neither，nor，little，not，hardly，scarcely，at no time，in no way等。Never before have I seen such a film.以前我從來沒有看過這

45、樣的影片。Seldom does she go out alone.她很少一個人出門。Not a word did he say at the meeting.他在會上一句話也沒說。In no way can we give in to the difficulties.我們決不能向困難低頭。 拓展：“nor/neither系(助)動詞主語”，表示前句中的否定情況，也適用于另一人或物。仿寫：她解不出這個問題，我也不能。She couldnt work out the problem, _.答案：nor/neither could I20.So I think that those who fi

46、nd the Amber Room should decide what to do with it. do with1)I didnt know what to do with the old tree.處理，處置2)We have nothing else to eat, you have to do with some bread.以將就（一下）3)I cannot do with loud noise. 忍受(與cannot連用) do with & deal with do with 常與連接代詞 what 連用，而 deal with 常與連接副詞 how 連用，如： I dont

47、 know how to deal with the problem . (= I dont know what to do with the problem . )我不知道如何處理這個問題。 Unit21.What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for? stand for (指縮寫或符號)代表；象征；倡導，支持，主張， 寫出下列stand for的意思。(1)Pine trees stand for courage and strength._代表，象征_(2)We stand for fair competition in the

48、 Olympic Games._倡導，支持，擁護聯想拓展stand by 袖手旁觀；無動于衷stand by sb. 支持sb；站在sb一邊stand out 顯眼；突出stand up 站起；站立；起立stand aside 1.站到一邊； 2.不參與，不介入，置身事外The American flag _ (代表)freedom and justice.His red hair made him _(引人注目) in the crowd.How can you _(袖手旁觀) and see him accused of something he didnt do?She _(站到一邊）t

49、o let us pass.2. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games more than 2,000 years ago. 我生活在你們所說的“古希臘”，我曾經寫過年前奧林匹克運動會的情況。 what 引起賓語從句，并在從句中作call的賓語，“Ancient Greece”作賓補。what相當于the place that，因此what不能改為that，也不能改為where，因為where 只能作狀語。 After many daysvoyage, they

50、 arrived in what is called America now. After a long journey, they came to what was called “Gebi Desert”.3.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.admit(1)許可(人或物)進入;讓進入 Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school every year.(2) 容納The th

51、eatre admits only 200 persons.(3) 承認；供認 I admit my mistake. He admitted having done wrong.常用句型：be admitted as. 被接受為 be admitted to / into被準許進入admit sth / doing sth 承認某事/做過某事admit that 承認It is / was admitted that普遍認為有時其后接帶不定式的復合賓語，但其中的不定式通常應是 to be。如：You must admit the task to be difficult. 你們得承認任務是艱

52、巨的。經典例句(1)He a member of the basketball team.他被接受成為籃球隊的一名隊員。(2)Only 200 children the school every year. 那時每年只有200名兒童獲準入學?！敬鸢浮?1)was admitted as(2)were admitted to / into即時訓練He the car without insurance. 他供認駕駛了這輛沒有保險的車。Luckily, he a key university last year.幸運的是,去年他被一所名牌大學錄取了。【答案】admitted drivingwas

53、admitted to / into 4.Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.正是在夏季奧運會上才有賽跑、游泳、帆船和所有的團隊體 育項目。 此句為一個It is.that.強調句型。強調句型的結構為 .5. No other country could join in, nor could slaves or women.其他國家都不能參加，奴隸和婦女也不行。 句子結構為:nor / neither+系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語。此句型是一個倒裝句,意為“也不”,用于否定陳述句之后,說明后者的情況與前者相同。If you wont go, neither / nor will I. 如果你不去,我