1、Unit1SectionA1-2Pre-readingactivities-1BAABBACCPre-readingactivities-21. Reasoningskillsdealwiththeprocessofgettingfromaproblemtoasolutionoraconclusion.Byimprovingyourreasoningskills,youcanimproveyoursuccessindoingthings.Specifically,strongreasoningskillscanhelpyouto:?improvethequalityandvalidityofy

2、ourownarguments;?improveyourabilitytoassessthequalityandvalidityofothers'arguments;?makemorelogicaldecisions;?solveproblemsmoreefficientlyandeffectively.Togiveaspecificexample,everydayyouhavetomakevariousdecisions,andyetevensomesimpledecisionslikedecidingwhattowearwhenyou'regettingdressedint

3、hemorningrequiresomereasoningskills.Whenyoudecidewhattowear,youtakemanyfactorsintoconsideration-theweatherforecast,thecurrenttemperature,yourplansfortheday(whereyouaregoing,whatyouwilldo,andwhomyouwillmeet),yourcomfortlevel,andsoon.Inreallife,youneedtofacedecisionsthataremuchmoredifficultthanchoosin

4、gwhattowear.So,itisreallyimportanttohavestrongreasoningskills.2. Thefactorsbelowareusuallyimportantforalogicalconclusion:?criticalthinkingskills;?facts;evidence;soundreasoningprocess,etc.Readingcomprehension-11. ThedealbetweenthemisthatthenarratorgivesRobhisleatherjacket,andRob,inexchange,givesthena

5、rratorhisgirlfriend.Theymakethedealbecausetheywanttogetsomethingfromeachother:Robiscrazyaboutfashion,andhewantstoownthenarrator'sfashionableleatherjacket;thenarratorlongstohaveabeautifulgirlfriend,andRob'sgirlfriendisbeautiful.2. Hethinksabeautifulandwell-spokengirlfriendwillassisthimtolanda

6、jobandachievesuccessinanelitelawcompany.3. Thenarratorfeelsthiswaybecausehecan'tstopthinkingthathispurposeofdatingPollyisnotforromancebutforimprovingherintelligence,andhecan'tletPollyknowhisplan.4. ThenarratordecidestoteachPollylogicbecausehebelieveslogicisessentialtoclearthinking.Byteaching

7、Pollylogic,hecanmakeherintelligent.5. Whenthenarratorteachesherlogic,Pollyrespondseithershortlywith"Cool","Great","Ilikethatidea",orsimplywithnoddingorblinkingwithoutsayinganything.TheseresponsesgiveusanimpressionthatPollyisanicebutrathersimple-mindedgirl.6. Yes.Heisonl

8、ytoosuccessfulinteachingPollylogicbecauseintheendwhenheasksPollytobehisgirlfriend,Pollyrefuseshisrequestbyapplyingallthelogicalfallacieshehastaughther.7. BecausehewantstomakeonemoreattempttowinPollyashisgirlfriendbyaskinghertoforgetwhathehastaughther.8. TheendofthestoryisironicbecausePollyturnsoutto

9、besmarterthanthenarrator.First,sheisabletorefuteallhisargumentsaslogicalfallacies.Then,shedisclosesthatsheandRobhaveplayedatrickonhim.Thenarratorhasbeentoosmartforhisowngood.Readingcomprehension-21. Inmyopinion,allthethreecharactersarecomplex.Thefollowingaremydescriptionsaboutthem.Thenarrator:?Smart

10、:Heisanexcellentlawstudentandknowsalotaboutlogic.?Sophisticated:Hebelievesabeautifulandintelligentgirlfriendwillbenefithiminhisfuturecareer.?Arrogantandself-conceited:Hethinkshighlyofhimselfbutbadlyofhisroommate.?Over-confident:HethinksthegirlwillsurelychoosehimratherthanRob.?Stupidandsimple-minded:

11、Heknowsnothingaboutwhatcanhappeninreallife.Rob:?Fashionableandcool:Helovesfashionandcaresalotabouthisappearance.?Dishonest:Heplaysatrickonthenarratortogethisleatherjacket.?Clever:Heisabletogetwhathewantswithoutlosinganything.Polly:?Beautifulandnice:Sheisprettyandeasytobewith.?Shallow:ShechoosesRobsi

12、mplybecauseheisfashionable.?Smart:Shelearnsquicklyandisfullofwitwhenrefusingtobethenarrator'sgirlfriend.2. Thestoryitselfincludesthefallacy"DictoSimpliciter".Thenarratorassumesthatallgirlswouldbehappytodateaboywhosefutureissomewhatguaranteed.Therefore,Polly,abeautifulandwealthyyounggir

13、l,wouldcertainlyfallinlovewithhim"aningeniousstudent"and"amanwithanassuredfuture",ratherthanRob-"amuscularidiot".However,tothenarrator'ssurpriseanddisappointment,PollychoosesRobintheendbecauseRobisfashionableandcool.3. ?Loveisblind.Itisridiculoustouselogictodealwith

14、love.?Smartpeoplesometimescanmakewrongjudgments.?Smartpeoplearesometimestooarrogantandconfident.?Smartpeoplemayfallvictimstotheirownsmartness.4. ?Yes.Becausenotonlywouldteachinglogicinschoolhelpminimizetheoverwhelmingnumberoffallaciousassertions,butalsowouldserveasanexcellentprecursortohighermathema

15、ticsandhelpmakeothercoursessuchasgeometryandcalculuslessofamysterytomoststudents.?No.Becauselogiccanbelearnedthroughothersubjectssuchasmath,philosophy,reading,etc.It'snotnecessarytoofferaspecialcourseaboutit.5. Yes,certainly.Actually,logicalfallaciesareverycommoninoureverydaylife.Imyselfcommitlo

16、gicalfallaciesveryoften,too.Forexample,whenIfirstmetmyroommateincollege,Ifeltverysurprisedwhenhetoldmehedidn'tlikenoodles.Iasked,"PeopleinthenorthofChinalikeeatingnoodles.Youarefromthenorth,whydon'tyoulikenoodles?"HereIcommittedthelogicalfallacy"DictoSimpliciter".Ifalsely

17、assertedthatallpeopleinthenorthshouldlikenoodles,andthereshouldbenoexceptiontothispremise.1-3Wordsinuse1 .positionWordbuilding:Practice-11.delicacy2.bankruptcy3.accountancy4.secrecy5.vacancy6.urgency7.atmospher

18、ic8.magnet9.metallic10.gloom11.guilt12.masteryWordbuilding:Practice-21.bankruptcies2.atmospheric3.delicacies4.urgency5.Accountancy6.gloom7.magnet8.Metallic9.mastery10.vacancy11.guilt12.secrecyBankedcloze1.mentioned2.determine3.gained4.responsible5.heavily6.artistic7.opposite8.analytical9.distorted10

19、.stumpedExpressionsinuse1.weredrippingwith1.1 nexchangefor3 .flaredup4 .makeananalogybetween5 .setadatefor6.make7 .outof8 .madeapact9 .hadappealedto1-5Translation-1亞里士多德是古希臘哲學家和科學家。他的著作涉及物理學、生物學、動物學、邏輯學、倫理學、詩歌、戲劇、音樂、語言學、政治學和政府學等多個學科，構成了西方哲學的第一個綜合體系。亞里士多德是第一個將人類知識領域劃分為不同學科的人，如數學、生物學和倫理學。他相信所有人的概念和知識最終都是建立在感知的基礎上的。他對自然科學的看法為他的許多著作奠定了基礎。在他那個時代，他幾乎對人類知識的每一個領域都做出了貢獻。他的著作包含了已知最早的邏輯學形式研究，甚至在今天，亞里士多德哲學的各個方面仍然是學術研究的重要課題。他的哲學思想對西方哲學理論的發展產生了深遠的影響。亞里士多德去世2300多年后，仍然是最有影響力的哲學家和科學家之一。Translation-