1、精品精細(xì)；挑選;2015 考研英語（二）試題Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA , B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 poi nts)In our con temporary culture , the prospect of com mun icat ing with-or even look ing at a stra nger is virtually un bear

2、able Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their pho nes , eve n without a 1 un dergro undIt s a sad realityour desire to avoid in teract ing with other huma n beings because there 2 s to be gained from talki ng to thestrange r standing by you. But you wouldn,3 itikrnowuht ph

3、one. This universal armor sends the4_: “ Please don t approach me. ”What is it that makes us feel we n eed to hide 5 our scree ns?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection , or that our innocent social advances willbe 6 as “ creep, ” We fear we 7 IIWe fe

4、ar we II be disruptive Strangers are inherently8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 whe ncom muni cati ng with them compared with our friends and acqua intances To avoid this anxiety, we10_to our phones.“ Phonesbecome our security b,nkeWortmann says. ” They are our happyglasses that protect us f

5、rom what we perceive is going to be more 11. ”But once we rip off the bandaid , tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up , it doesn 1 t so bad. In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13_. They had Chicag

6、o traincommuters talk to their fellow 14. When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked otherpeople in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their _16 would be morepleasa nt if they sat on their own, the New York Times summarizes. Though the part

7、icipa nts did nt expect a positive experie nee, afterthey 17 withthe experime nt, not a sin gle pers on reported havi ng bee n sn ubbed.”18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans com muni cati on, which makesabsolute sen se, 19 huma n beings thrive off of social conn

8、ection s. Its that 20: Talk ing to stra ngers can make youfeel conn ected.精品精細(xì)；挑選;1. A ticket2. A noth ing3. A beate n4. A message5. A un der6. A misi nterprete7. A fired8. A un reas onable9. A comfortable10. A atte nd11. A dan gerous12. A hurt13. A lecture14. A trai nees15. A reveal16. A voyage17.

9、A went throughB permitB li nkB guidedBcedeB beyondB misappliedB judgedB un greatfulB an xiousB poi ntB mysteriousB resisB con versationB employeesBchooseB flightB did awayCsig nailCa notherCpluggedC noticeC beh indC misadjustedC replacedC unconven tionalC confidentC takeC viole ntC bendC debateC res

10、earchersC predictlC walkCcaught upD recordD muchD broughtD sig nD fromD mismatchedD delayedD un familiarD a ngryD tur nD bori ngD decayD n egotiati onD passe ngersD designD rideD put up精品精細(xì)；挑選;SectionnReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text 1A new study suggests that con trary to most surveys. Pe

11、ople art actually more stressed at home tha n at work. Researchersmeasured peopfe s cortntlol. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher atwhat is supposed to be a place of refuge.“ Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that w

12、omen as well as men have lower leve ls of stress at work tha n athome, ” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske, In fact wome n say they feel better at work. She no tes. men not wome n. Whoreport being bappicr at home tha n at work,” Ano ther surprise is that the find ibgthhold true fthose wit

13、h childrc n and without, but more so for non pare nts. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn t measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whethwork or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a

14、 time to kick back. For women who stay home, theyn ever get to leave the office. And for wome n who work outside the home, they ofte n are play ing catch-up-with-household tasks. With theblurri ng of roles, and the fact that the home fron t lags well behi nd the workplace in making adjustme nts for

15、work ing wome n, it snot surpris ing that wome n are more stressed at home.But it s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they re supposed to be doiimaki ng mon ey, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an in come. The barga in is very pure: Employee puts in hours

16、 of physicalor men tal labor and employee draws out life-susta ining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so cli ni cally andmethodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are in adequate rewards for

17、 most of them. Your home colleagues-yourfamily- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they threate ned with complete removal of all electro nicdevices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your fn ever really get to go home from home.So it s not surprisin

18、g that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the-coorkers are muchharder to motivate.21. According to Pa ragraph 1 , most previous su rveys found that home_A was an un realistic place for relaxatio nB ge nerated more stress tha n the workplaceC was an ideal pl

19、ace for stress measureme ntD offered greater relaxati on tha n the workplace22. According to Damaske , who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Worki ng mothersB Childless husba ndsC Childless wivesD Worki ng fathers23 The blurri ng of worki ng wome ns roles refers to the fact thay_A they are bot

20、h bread winners and housewivesB their home is also a place for kicking backC there is ofte n much housework left beh ind18. A In turn19. A uni ess20. A fu nnyB In particularB sinceB simpleCIn factC ifC IogicalD Inconsequenee精品精細(xì)；挑選;Dit is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word“moola”(L

21、jneWa 4)most probably means_A e nergyB skillsC ear ningsD nutriti on25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_A home is hardly a cozier worki ng environmentB divisi on of labor at home is seldom clear-cutC household tasks are gen erally more motivat ingD family labor is ofte n adequately

22、 rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-ge nerati on college stude nts-those who do not have a pare nt with a college degree-lag otherstude nts on a range of educati on achieveme nt factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates arehigher. But since such students are most li

23、kely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and uni versities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created stude nts, but then watch ing many of them fail, mea ns that higher educati on hastha n closeachieveme nt gap based on social class, accord in

24、g to the depress ing beg inning of a paperforthco ming in the jour nal Psychological Scien se.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a on e-hour, n ext-to-no-cost program) can close 63 perce nt of

25、the achieveme nt gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-ge nerati on and other stude nts.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 stude nts(who completedthe project)at an unn amed private unive rsity.First gen eratio

26、 n was defi ned as not hav ing a pare nt with a fou r-year college degree Mostof the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal g rant for un dergraduates with finan cial n eed,while this was true only for 8.6 perce nt of the stude nts wit at least one pare nt w

27、ith a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rven ti on could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-ge ne rati on stude ntsmay be most lack ing not in pote ntial but in practical kno wledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college stude nts Theycite p

28、ast resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achieveme nt gap.Many first- gene rati on stude nts”struggle to n avigate the-daddleulture of higher educati on , lear n therules of thegame, and take advantage of college resou rces,”they write And thi

29、s becomes more of a problem when collages doabout the class adva ntage and disadva ntages of differe nt groups of stude nts Because US colleges and uni versities seldom ack nowledge how social class can affect stude ntseediincaiipnBaexfirst-ge ne rati on stude nts lack sight aboutwhy they a re strug

30、gli ng and do not unde rstand how stude ntslike them can improve26. Recruit ing more first-ge nerati on stude nts hasAreduced their d ropout ratesB n arrowed the achieveme nt gaoC missed its origi nal pu rposeD depressed college stude nts27 The author of the research article are optimistic because_A

31、the problem is solvableBtheir approach is costlessq the recruit ing rate has in creased“ a pa-gekoxration in thatrendowideiedatteproducea精品精細(xì)；挑選;Dtheir finding appeal to stude nts28 The study suggests that most first-ge ne rati on stude nts_A study at private universitiesB are from sin gle-pa rent f

32、amiliesq are in n eed of finan cial supportDhave failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-ge nerati on stude nts_A a re actually in differe nt to the achieveme nt gapB ca n have a pote ntial in flue nee on othe r stude ntsC may lack opport un ities to apply for resea rch pr

33、ojectsD are inexperieneed in handling their issues at college30. We mayinfer from the last paragraph that-A universities often rect the culture of the middle-classB stude nts are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiencesD colleges are p

34、artly resp on sible for the problem in questi onText3Even in traditional offices ,“ the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much moreright-bra ined tha n it was 20 years ago , said Ha rva rd Busin ess School professor Nancy Koeh n She sta rted spinning off examples.I

35、f you and I pa rachuted back to Fort une 500 compa nies in 1990 we would see much less freque nt use of terms like Journey,mission,passion. There were goals , there were strategies , there were objectives , but we didn t talk about energy；we didn t talk aboutpassion.”Koehn pointed out that this new

36、era of corporate vocabula ry is very-oriented-and not by；eancidenee.“ Let s iforget sDorts-i n male-do min ated corporate America , it s still a big deal. It s no tiexpljcitlycosishe idea that Icoach, and you re my teamand we re in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different com

37、panies, but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.These terms a re also inten ded to in fuse work with meanin g-a nd , as Khu rana poi nts out , in crease allegia nee to the firm.“ Yhave the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated w

38、ith non-profit organizations and religious organizations :Terms like vision , values, passion, and purpose, ” saidKhuranaThis new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work- life balaneeThe“ mommy wars ” of the 1990s a re still going oy,t

39、pdtampting arguments about why women stillcant have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In , whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug , offline ,life-hack , bandwidth , and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work

40、 is your“ passion, ” you II be more likely to devote yourseven it that means going home for dinner andthe n working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak : Every one makes fun of it , but man age rs love it, compa nies depe nd on it, andregular people willi ngl

41、y absorb it As Nun berg said ,“ You can get people to think it s nonsense attthe same tiryou buy into it. ” In a workplace that s fun dame ntally in diffe rentctotyonie afeng office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-a nd how your work defi nes who you are31. Accord ing to Nan

42、cy Koeh n, office Ian guage has become_Amore e moti onal精品精細(xì)；挑選;B more objectiveC less en ergeticD less en ergeticE less strategic32.“ team”iented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_A historical incidentsB ge nder differe neeC sports cultureD athletic executives33. Khura na believes that the

43、 importati on of term ino logy aims to_A revive historical termsB promote compa ny imageC foster corporate cooperati onD stre ngthe n employee loyalty34.lt can be in ferred that Lea n In_A voices for work ing wome nB appeals to passi on ate workaholicsC triggers dcbates among mommiesD praises motiva

44、ted employees35.Which of the followi ng stateme nts is true about office speak?A Ma nagers admire it but avoid itB L in guists believe it to be nonsenseC Compa nies find it to be fun dame ntalD Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department

45、reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment taketo 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a dece nt pace. We still have a longway to go to get back to full employme nt, but at least we are now fin ally movi ng forward at a fa

46、ster pace.However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number ofpeople who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4,4 percent) above its year agolevel.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, i

47、t is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobsactually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An in crease in involuntary part-time work is evidenceof weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a

48、 very hard time making ends meet.There was an in crease in in volu ntary part-time in June, but the gen eral direct ion has bee n dow n. In volun tary part-timeemployment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.We know the differe

49、nce betwee n volu ntary and in volu ntary part-time employme nt because people tell us. The survey used by theLabor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “ yes. ” they are classified asworking parrtne. The survey then asks whether they worke

50、d less than 35 hours in that week because they wan ted to work less tha n fulltime or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as volun tary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to workless than 35 hours a week.The issue of volun tary part-time relates to Obamacare

51、beca nse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get in sura nceoutside of employme nt. For many people, especially those with serious health con diti ons or family members with精品serious health con diti ons, before Obamacare the only way to get in sura nee was through a job that provided hea

52、lth in sura nee.However, Obamacare has allowed more tha n 12 milli on people to either get in sura nee through Medicaid or the exeha nges. Theseare people who may previously have felt the n eed to get a full-time job that provided in sura nee in order to cover themselves and theirfamilies. With Obam

53、acare there is no Ion ger a link betwee n employme nt and in sura nee.36. Which part of the jobs picture was n eglected?A. The prospect of a thrivi ng job market.B. The in crease of volun tary part-time jobs.C. The possibility of full employme nt.D. The accelerati on of job creati on.37. Many people

54、 work part-time because theyA. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobsB. feel that is eno ugh to make ends meetC. cannot get their hands on full-time jobsD. have n t see n the weak ness of the market38. Involun tary part-time employme nt in the USA. is harder to acquire tha n one year agoB. shows a

55、gen eral tendency of deeli neC. satisfies the real n eed of the joblessD. is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, _.A. it is no Ion ger easy for part-timers to get in sura neeB. employme nt is no Ion ger a prec on diti on to get i nsura neeC. it is still challe n

56、ging to get in sura nee for family membersD. full-time employme nt is still esse ntial for in sura nee40. The text mainly discusses_ .A. employme nt in the USB. part-timer classificati onC. in sura nee through MedicaidD. Obamacare s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have

57、been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G tofit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your an swers on ANSWERSHEET. (10 poi nts)A You are not aloneB Don t fear responsibility for your lifeC Pave

58、 your own unique pathD Most of your fears are un realE Think about the prese nt mome ntF Experie nee helps you growG There are many thi ngs to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Toucgh TimesUefortunately, life is not a bed of roses, We are going through life facing sad experienees.

59、Moreover, we are grieving various kinds ofloss: a friendship, a rontantic relatlonshlp of a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most in opport unetime,but you should remember that they won t last forever.精品精細(xì)；挑選；精品精細(xì)；挑選;When our time of mourning is over, we press forwa

60、rd, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, theselosses make us mature and even tally move as toward future opport un ities for growth and happ in ess. I want to share these old truths I ve learned along the way.41._Fear is both useful and harmful. This no rmal huma